稽

See also: 乩

稽 U+7A3D, 稽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A3D ← 稼 [U+7A3C] CJK Unified Ideographs 稾 → [U+7A3E]

Translingual

Han character

稽 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木戈山日 (HDIUA), four-corner 2396₁, composition ⿰禾⿱尤旨)

Derived characters

• 𡃊, 𡓈, 𥗎, 𦪼, 𨯀

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25218
• Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2622, character 8
• Unihan data for U+7A3D

Chinese

trad.		稽
simp. #		稽
2nd round simp.		𬓠
alternative forms		𥠻 𥡞 䭫 䭬 𩒨 𥠻 𥡞 䭫 䭬 𩒨 乩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 稽
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
稽	*kiː, *kʰiːʔ
詣	*ŋɡiːs
栺	*ŋɡiːs, *kji
榰	*klje
脂	*kji
鴲	*kji, *kjis
指	*kjiʔ
旨	*kjiʔ
恉	*kjiʔ
嗜	*ɡjis
蓍	*qʰlji
鰭	*ɡri
耆	*ɡri
鮨	*ɡri
鬐	*ɡri

Originally 𩒨, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiː, *kʰiːʔ) : phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ) + semantic 頁 (“person's head”).

In the modern form it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiː, *kʰiːʔ) : semantic 𥝌 (“bent, stunted tree”) + semantic 尤 + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jī (ji¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kai¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ke / khe / khoe / khé

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jī
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ji
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kai¹
    • Yale: kāi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kei¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke
    • Tâi-lô: ke
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ke⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ke³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
    • Tâi-lô: khe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
    • Tâi-lô: khue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰue⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khé
    • Tâi-lô: khé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qea
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰe⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kej

Rime
Character	稽
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	古奚切
Baxter	kej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kei/
Pan Wuyun	/kei/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛj/
Li Rong	/kei/
Wang Li	/kiei/
Bernard Karlgren	/kiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kiː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稽	稽	稽
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī	jī	jī
Middle Chinese	‹ kej ›	‹ kej ›	‹ kej ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁij/	/*kˁij/	/*kˁij/
English	accord with	cultivate (field)	calculate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稽
Reading #	1/2
No.	17317
Phonetic component	旨
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	雞
Old Chinese	/*kiː/

Definitions

稽

1. (transitive) to examine; to investigate; to check
   1. to recriminate; to argue; to dispute
2. (transitive, intransitive) to keep; to reserve
   1. to delay; to procrastinate
3. (transitive) to reach
4. (transitive, intransitive) to suit; to correspond
5. to divine

Compounds

• 公事稽程
• 勾稽
• 反脣相稽／反唇相稽 (fǎnchún-xiāngjī)
• 居今稽古
• 會稽／会稽
• 會稽之恥／会稽之耻
• 會稽山／会稽山
• 有案可稽 (yǒu'ànkějī)
• 深稽博考
• 滑稽
• 滑稽劇／滑稽剧
• 滑稽大鼓
• 滑稽戲／滑稽戏
• 滑稽突梯
• 漫誕不稽／漫诞不稽
• 無稽／无稽 (wújī)
• 無稽之言／无稽之言
• 無稽之談／无稽之谈 (wújīzhītán)
• 稽古 (jīgǔ)
• 稽古之力
• 稽固
• 稽察 (jīchá)
• 稽延 (jīyán)
• 稽式
• 稽徵／稽征
• 稽查 (jīchá)
• 稽查員／稽查员 (jīcháyuán)
• 稽核 (jīhé)
• 稽滯／稽滞
• 稽留 (jīliú)
• 稽疑 (jīyí)
• 稽程
• 稽考 (jīkǎo)
• 稽覈 (jīhé)
• 稽遲／稽迟
• 突梯滑稽
• 簡稽／简稽
• 粵若稽古／粤若稽古
• 經典稽疑／经典稽疑
• 荒唐無稽／荒唐无稽
• 荒誕無稽／荒诞无稽
• 雅俗稽言

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qǐ (qi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kai²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi³
    • Yale: chǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kai²
    • Yale: kái
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kai²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kei²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khejX

Rime
Character	稽
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	康禮切
Baxter	khejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰeiX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰeiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛjX/
Li Rong	/kʰeiX/
Wang Li	/kʰieiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hai2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰiːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稽
Reading #	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ khejX ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁijʔ/
English	bow the head to the ground
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稽
Reading #	2/2
No.	17318
Phonetic component	旨
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	啓
Old Chinese	/*kʰiːʔ/

Definitions

稽

1. ^† to kowtow; to bow to the ground

Compounds

• 拜手稽首
• 拜稽首
• 泣血稽顙／泣血稽颡
• 稽拜
• 稽顙／稽颡
• 稽顙泣血／稽颡泣血
• 稽顙肉袒／稽颡肉袒
• 稽首 (qǐshǒu)

 

References

• “稽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

稽

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to think; to consider
2. to train; to practice

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
• Kun: とどめる (todomeru, 稽める)、かんがえる (kangaeru, 稽える)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 稽 (MC kej|khejX). Recorded as Middle Korean 계〯 (kyěy) (Yale: kyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

稽 (eumhun 상고할 계 (sanggohal gye))

1. hanja form^? of 계 (“to examine”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 골계 (滑稽, golgye)
• 계류 (稽留, gyeryu)
• 계상 (稽顙, gyesang)
• 구계 (句稽, gugye)
• 계사 (稽査, gyesa)
• 황당무계 (荒唐無稽, hwangdangmugye)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

稽: Hán Nôm readings: kê, ghê, ghe, khẻ, khẽ, khể

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.