뜨겁다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Hanjungnok (閑中錄 / 한중록), 1805, as Early Modern Korean ᄯᅳ겁다 (Yale: stukep-ta).

From 뜨 (tteu) +‎ 겁 (-geop, intensifying adjective-deriving suffix), the first element being from an analysis of 뜨뜻하다 (tteutteuthada, “to be warm”) as a reduplication of the morpheme 뜨 (tteu). Compare 심심하다 (simsimhada, “to be not salty”) > 싱겁다 (singgeopda, “to be bland, to be insipid (of food)”) via the same process.

Partly displaced 덥다 (deopda, “to be hot”), which is now largely reserved for the weather.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͈ɯɡʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [뜨겁따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	tteugeopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	tteugeobda
McCune–Reischauer?	ttŭgŏpta
Yale Romanization?	ttukepta

Adjective

Ablaut/harmonic pair

Yin-form	뜨겁다 (tteugeopda)
Yang-form	따갑다 (ttagapda)

뜨겁다 • (tteugeopda) (infinitive 뜨거워, sequential 뜨거우니)

1. to be hot (of the temperature of an object)

   Antonym: 차갑다 (chagapda)

2. (figurative) to be passionate

   뜨거운 밤 ― tteugeoun bam ― night of passion

   뜨거운 박수 ― tteugeoun baksu ― warm round of applause

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 뜨겁다 (tteugeopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	뜨겁다 tteugeopda	뜨거워 tteugeowo	뜨거워요 tteugeowoyo	뜨겁습니다 tteugeopseumnida
	Past	뜨거웠다 tteugeowotda	뜨거웠어 tteugeowosseo	뜨거웠어요 tteugeowosseoyo	뜨거웠습니다 tteugeowotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	뜨거우냐 tteugeounya	뜨거워 tteugeowo	뜨거워요 tteugeowoyo	뜨겁습니까 tteugeopseumnikka
	Past	뜨거웠냐 tteugeowonnya	뜨거웠어 tteugeowosseo	뜨거웠어요 tteugeowosseoyo	뜨거웠습니까 tteugeowotseumnikka
Assertive		뜨겁겠다 tteugeopgetda	뜨겁겠어 tteugeopgesseo	뜨겁겠어요 tteugeopgesseoyo	뜨겁겠습니다 tteugeopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		뜨거워 tteugeowo	뜨거워서 tteugeowoseo	뜨거우니 tteugeouni	뜨거우니까 tteugeounikka
Contrast		뜨겁지만 tteugeopjiman	뜨거운데 tteugeounde	뜨겁더니 tteugeopdeoni
Conjunction		뜨겁고 tteugeopgo
Condition		뜨거우면 tteugeoumyeon	뜨거워야 tteugeowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		뜨거움 tteugeoum	뜨겁기 tteugeopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		뜨거웠음 tteugeowosseum	뜨거웠기 tteugeowotgi
Determiners	Present		뜨거운 tteugeoun
	Future		뜨거울 tteugeoul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	뜨거우시다 tteugeousida	뜨거우셔 tteugeousyeo	뜨거우세요, 뜨거우셔요 tteugeouseyo, tteugeousyeoyo	뜨거우십니다 tteugeousimnida
	Past	뜨거우셨다 tteugeousyeotda	뜨거우셨어 tteugeousyeosseo	뜨거우셨어요 tteugeousyeosseoyo	뜨거우셨습니다 tteugeousyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	뜨거우시냐 tteugeousinya	뜨거우셔 tteugeousyeo	뜨거우세요, 뜨거우셔요 tteugeouseyo, tteugeousyeoyo	뜨거우십니까 tteugeousimnikka
	Past	뜨거우셨냐 tteugeousyeonnya	뜨거우셨어 tteugeousyeosseo	뜨거우셨어요 tteugeousyeosseoyo	뜨거우셨습니까 tteugeousyeotseumnikka
Assertive		뜨거우시겠다 tteugeousigetda	뜨거우시겠어 tteugeousigesseo	뜨거우시겠어요 tteugeousigesseoyo	뜨거우시겠습니다 tteugeousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		뜨거우셔 tteugeousyeo	뜨거우셔서 tteugeousyeoseo	뜨거우시니 tteugeousini	뜨거우시니까 tteugeousinikka
Contrast		뜨거우시지만 tteugeousijiman	뜨거우신데 tteugeousinde	뜨거우시더니 tteugeousideoni
Conjunction		뜨거우시고 tteugeousigo
Condition		뜨거우시면 tteugeousimyeon	뜨거우셔야 tteugeousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		뜨거우심 tteugeousim	뜨거우시기 tteugeousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		뜨거우셨음 tteugeousyeosseum	뜨거우셨기 tteugeousyeotgi
Determiners	Present		뜨거우신 tteugeousin
	Future		뜨거우실 tteugeousil

Derived terms

• 낯뜨겁다 (nattteugeopda)
• 뜨거워지다 (tteugeowojida)