वृक्ष

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋɾɪkʂ/, [ʋɾɪkʃ]

Noun

वृक्ष • (vŕkṣ) m

1. tree

   Synonyms: दरख़्त (daraxt), पादप (pādap), पेड़ (peṛ)

Declension

Declension of वृक्ष (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	वृक्ष vŕkṣ	वृक्ष vŕkṣ
oblique	वृक्ष vŕkṣ	वृक्षों vŕkṣõ
vocative	वृक्ष vŕkṣ	वृक्षो vŕkṣo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “वृक्ष”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa). Compare Gujarati વૃક્ષ (vŕkṣ), Kannada ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa), Bengali বৃক্ষ (brikkho).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋɾuk.ʂə/

Noun

वृक्ष • (vŕkṣa) m

1. (botany) tree

   Synonym: झाड (j̈hāḍ)

Declension

Declension of वृक्ष (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	वृक्ष vŕkṣa
direct plural	वृक्ष vŕkṣa
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	वृक्ष vŕkṣa		वृक्ष vŕkṣa
oblique सामान्यरूप	वृक्षा vŕkṣā		वृक्षां- vŕkṣān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	वृक्षाला vŕkṣālā		वृक्षांना vŕkṣānnā
ergative	वृक्षाने, वृक्षानं vŕkṣāne, vŕkṣāna		वृक्षांनी vŕkṣānnī
instrumental	वृक्षाशी vŕkṣāśī		वृक्षांशी vŕkṣānśī
locative सप्तमी	वृक्षात vŕkṣāt		वृक्षांत vŕkṣāt
vocative संबोधन	वृक्षा vŕkṣā		वृक्षांनो vŕkṣānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of वृक्ष (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	वृक्षाचा vŕkṣāċā	वृक्षाचे vŕkṣāċe	वृक्षाची vŕkṣācī	वृक्षाच्या vŕkṣācā	वृक्षाचे, वृक्षाचं vŕkṣāċe, vŕkṣāċa	वृक्षाची vŕkṣācī	वृक्षाच्या vŕkṣācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	वृक्षांचा vŕkṣānċā	वृक्षांचे vŕkṣānċe	वृक्षांची vŕkṣāñcī	वृक्षांच्या vŕkṣāncā	वृक्षांचे, वृक्षांचं vŕkṣānċe, vŕkṣānċa	वृक्षांची vŕkṣāñcī	वृक्षांच्या vŕkṣāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “वृक्ष”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “वृक्ष”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “वृक्ष”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱৃক্ষ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬺᬓ᭄ᬱ (Balinese script)
• বৃক্ষ (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰴𑰎𑰿𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀾𑀓𑁆𑀱 (Brahmi script)
• ဝၖက္ၑ (Burmese script)
• વૃક્ષ (Gujarati script)
• ਵ੍ਰਕ੍ਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍃𑌕𑍍𑌷 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦽꦏ꧀ꦰ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑃂𑂍𑂹𑂭 (Kaithi script)
• ವೃಕ್ಷ (Kannada script)
• វ្ឫក្ឞ (Khmer script)
• ວ຺ຣິກ຺ຩ (Lao script)
• വൃക്ഷ (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡵᡳᡬᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘵𑘎𑘿𑘬 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠷᠢᢉᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧖𑦮𑧠𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐺𑐎𑑂𑐲 (Newa script)
• ଵୃକ୍ଷ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢺꢒ꣄ꢰ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆸𑆑𑇀𑆰 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖴𑖎𑖿𑖬 (Siddham script)
• වෘක්‍ෂ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩙𑩜 𑪙𑪀 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
• வ்ரிக்ஷ (Tamil script)
• వృక్ష (Telugu script)
• วฺฤกฺษ (Thai script)
• ཝྲྀ་ཀྵ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒵𑒏𑓂𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨋𑩇𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás (“tree”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀 (var^əša).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩k.ʂɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈʋr̩k.ʂɐ/

Noun

वृक्ष • (vṛkṣá) stem, m

1. a tree, (especially) any tree bearing visible flowers and fruit, but also applied to any tree and other plants, often in the sense of wood
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.24.3:

     अक्षो॒ न च॒क्र्यो॑: शूर बृ॒हन्प्र ते॑ म॒ह्ना रि॑रिचे॒ रोद॑स्योः।
     वृ॒क्षस्य॒ नु ते॑ पुरुहूत व॒या व्यू॒३॒॑तयो॑ रुरुहुरिन्द्र पू॒र्वीः॥

     ákṣo ná cakryò: śūra bṛhánprá te mahnā́ ririce ródasyoḥ.
     vṛkṣásya nú te puruhūta vayā́ vyū̀táyo ruruhurindra pūrvī́ḥ.

     The lofty axle of thy wheels, O Hero, is not surpassed by heaven and earth in greatness.
     Like branches of a tree, O thou Invoked by many, manifold assistance spring forth from thee, O Indra.

2. tree trunk
3. coffin
4. the staff of a bow
5. Wrightia antidysenterica

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वृक्ष (vṛkṣá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वृक्षः vṛkṣáḥ	वृक्षौ / वृक्षा¹ vṛkṣaú / vṛkṣā́¹	वृक्षाः / वृक्षासः¹ vṛkṣā́ḥ / vṛkṣā́saḥ¹
Vocative	वृक्ष vṛ́kṣa	वृक्षौ / वृक्षा¹ vṛ́kṣau / vṛ́kṣā¹	वृक्षाः / वृक्षासः¹ vṛ́kṣāḥ / vṛ́kṣāsaḥ¹
Accusative	वृक्षम् vṛkṣám	वृक्षौ / वृक्षा¹ vṛkṣaú / vṛkṣā́¹	वृक्षान् vṛkṣā́n
Instrumental	वृक्षेण vṛkṣéṇa	वृक्षाभ्याम् vṛkṣā́bhyām	वृक्षैः / वृक्षेभिः¹ vṛkṣaíḥ / vṛkṣébhiḥ¹
Dative	वृक्षाय vṛkṣā́ya	वृक्षाभ्याम् vṛkṣā́bhyām	वृक्षेभ्यः vṛkṣébhyaḥ
Ablative	वृक्षात् vṛkṣā́t	वृक्षाभ्याम् vṛkṣā́bhyām	वृक्षेभ्यः vṛkṣébhyaḥ
Genitive	वृक्षस्य vṛkṣásya	वृक्षयोः vṛkṣáyoḥ	वृक्षाणाम् vṛkṣā́ṇām
Locative	वृक्षे vṛkṣé	वृक्षयोः vṛkṣáyoḥ	वृक्षेषु vṛkṣéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀼𑀔 (lukha /⁠lukkha⁠/), *𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*rukkha)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Nepali: रुख (rukh)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
    • Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘳𑘏 (rukha), 𑘨𑘳𑘽𑘏 (ruṃkha)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Punjabi: ਰੁੱਖ／رُکھ (rukkha)
  • Prakrit:
    • Sylheti: ꠞꠥꠇ (ruk)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
    • Romani: rukh
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑁆𑀭𑀙 (vracha)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙 (vaccha)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: ރުއް (ruk̊)
  • Sinhalese: රුක (ruka)
• Pali: rukkha
  • Burmese: ရုက္ခ (rukhka.)
  • Thai: รุกข

Borrowed

• → Bengali: বৃক্ষ (brikkho)
• → Gujarati: વૃક્ષ (vŕkṣ)
• → Hindi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣ)
• → Kannada: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)
• → Malayalam: വൃക്ഷം (vr̥kṣaṁ)
• → Old Khmer: briksā
  • → Thai: พฤกษา (prʉ́k-sǎa)
  • → Khmer: ព្រឹក្សា (prɨksaa)
• → Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘿𑘨𑘲𑘎𑘿𑘬 (vrīkṣa)
  • → Marathi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣa)
• → Odia: ବୃକ୍ଷ (br̥kṣa)
• → Tamil: விருக்ஷம் (virukṣam)
• → Telugu: వృక్షము (vr̥kṣamu)
• → Thai: พฤกษ์ (prʉ́k), พฤกษ (prʉ́k-sà-)
• → Tulu: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “वृक्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1008/2.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “vṛkṣa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.