呼

See also: 呯 and 謼

呼	U+547C, 呼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-547C

← 呻
[U+547B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

命 →
[U+547D]

㈺	U+323A, ㈺ PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH CALL

← ㈹
[U+3239]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㈻ →
[U+323B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

呼 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口竹火木 (RHFD), four-corner 6204₉, composition ⿰口乎)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 183, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3471
Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 605, character 2
Unihan data for U+547C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		呼

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乎) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
罅	*qʰraːs
呼	*qʰaː
軤	*qʰaː
苸	*qʰaː
嘑	*qʰaː
歑	*qʰaː
謼	qʰaː, qʰaːs
滹	*qʰaː
乎	*ɢaː
虖	qʰaː, qʰʷa, qʰaː, qʰʷa
嫭	*ɢaːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 乎 (OC *ɢaː) – to exhale, call, or shout from the mouth.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaːw (“to shout, cry out”). Cognate with Burmese အော် (au, “to shout, berate”), as well as with the following Sinitic words (STEDT):

嚆 (“to make noise”)
嚎 (“to howl, bawl”)
呴 (OC *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos, “to breathe on, yawn, roar”)
呵 (OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls, “to shout, cry out”)

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hū (hu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fû
Eastern Min (BUC): hù / kŭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ho͘ / kho͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): hu¹ / u¹ / hou¹ / kou¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹hu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hū
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hu
  - Wade–Giles: hu¹
  - Yale: hū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hu
  - Palladius: ху (xu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fu¹
  - Yale: fū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fû
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /fu²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hù / kŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵³/, /kʰu⁵⁵/

Note:

hù - literary;
kŭ - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho͘ / kho͘
  - Tâi-lô: hoo / khoo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hof, qof
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ⁴⁴/, /kʰɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ³³/, /kʰɔ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ⁴⁴/, /kʰɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔ⁴⁴/, /kʰɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ⁴⁴/, /kʰɔ⁴⁴/

Note:

ho͘ - literary;
kho͘ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hu¹ / u¹ / hou¹ / kou¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu / u / hou / khou
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³³/, /u³³/, /hou³³/, /kʰou³³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹hu
  - MiniDict: hu^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹hu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hu⁵³/

Middle Chinese: xu

Rime
Character	呼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	荒烏切
Baxter	xu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huo/
Pan Wuyun	/huo/
Shao Rongfen	/xo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɔ/
Li Rong	/xo/
Wang Li	/xu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤa/, /*qʰˤa-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	呼	呼
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hū	hù
Middle Chinese	‹ xu ›	‹ xu^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁa/	/*qʰˁa-s/
English	call out, shout	call out, shout
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	呼
Reading #	1/1
No.	5181
Phonetic component	乎
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	呼
Old Chinese	/*qʰaː/

Definitions

呼

to breathe out; to exhale; to sigh
to shout; to yell
to call (someone); to address
(onomatopoeia, of wind) howling
(Chinese phonetics) medial; in Middle Chinese: being open-mouthed (開口／开口) or closed-mouthed (合口), also called 開合／开合); or, for modern Chinese: one of four medials (四呼)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to breathe out”): 吸 (xī)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiāo (xiao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siao
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao¹
  - Yale: syāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiau
  - Palladius: сяо (sjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

呼

^† Alternative form of 詨／𰵦 (xiào, “to shout”)

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xū
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syu
  - Wade–Giles: hsü¹
  - Yale: syū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/

Definitions

呼

^† Alternative form of 吁 (“sigh (expression of fatigue)”)

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hè (he⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hè
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hè
  - Wade–Giles: ho⁴
  - Yale: hè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
  - Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵¹/

Definitions

呼

^† Expression of anger.

Pronunciation 5

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xià (xia⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xià
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sià
  - Wade–Giles: hsia⁴
  - Yale: syà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah
  - Palladius: ся (sja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

Definitions

呼

^‡ Alternative form of 罅 (xià, “crack; rift”)

Japanese

Kanji

呼

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
Kun: よぶ (yobu, 呼ぶ, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
呼
こ Grade: 6
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 呼 (MC xu).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ko̞]

Affix

呼(こ) • (ko)

to breathe out, to exhale, to sigh
to shout, to yell
to call (someone), to address

Compounds

呼吸 (kokyū, “breath, breathing”)
歓呼 (kanko, “cheer, shout”)
呼号 (kogō, “shout, proclaim”)
呼称 (koshō, “name, designation, form of address”)
呼格 (kokaku, “vocative case”)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 呼 (MC xu). Recorded as Middle Korean 호 (hwo) (Yale: hwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸʷo̞]
Phonetic hangul: [호]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

呼

Wikisource

呼 (eumhun 부를 호 (bureul ho))

hanja form^? of 호 (“to call; to shout”)
hanja form^? of 호 (“to exhale; to breathe out”)

Compounds

호소(呼訴) (hoso)
호응(呼應) (ho'eung)
호칭(呼稱) (hoching)
호출(呼出) (hochul)
호명(呼名) (homyeong)
환호(歡呼) (hwanho)
환호성(歡呼聲) (hwanhoseong)
호흡(呼吸) (hoheup)
호흡기(呼吸器) (hoheupgi)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

呼: Hán Nôm readings: hô, há, hao, hào

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