-ico

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ico"

Galician

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin.

Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)

1. -ic; forms adjectives from nouns

Derived terms

From

Galician terms suffixed with -ico

.

Interlingua

Etymology

Borrowed from English -ic, French -ique, Italian -ico, Portuguese -ico, Spanish -ico, Russian -ик (-ik) all ultimately from Latin -icum, from -icus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iko/

Suffix

-ico

1. forms nouns from nouns, denoting a person occupied with a science or study; -ic, -ician, -ian

   ‎historia (“history”) + ‎-ico → ‎historico (“historian”)

   ‎theoria (“theory”) + ‎-ico → ‎theorico (“theoretician”)

Usage notes

• The stressed syllable in words formed with -ico is the antepenult, i.e. the syllable prior to the suffix.
• A corresponding nominal suffix denoting a particular science or study is -ica while the corresponding adjectival suffix is -ic.

Derived terms

Category Interlingua terms suffixed with -ico not found

References

• Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

Italian

Etymology

From Latin -icus.

Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -ici, feminine plural -iche)

1. -ic

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -ico

Anagrams

• ciò, coi

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /i.koː/, [ɪkoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /i.ko/, [iko]

Etymology 1

From -ō suffixed to words with stems ending in -ic (including -icus), which was reinterpreted as part of the suffix.

Suffix

-icō (present infinitive -icāre, perfect active -icāvī, supine -icātum); first conjugation

1. forms regular first-conjugation verbs, sometimes with frequentative meaning

   fodiō + -icō → fodicō

   albus + -icō → albicō

Conjugation

Conjugation of -icō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-icō	-icās	-icat	-icāmus	-icātis	-icant
	imperfect	-icābam	-icābās	-icābat	-icābāmus	-icābātis	-icābant
	future	-icābō	-icābis	-icābit	-icābimus	-icābitis	-icābunt
	perfect	-icāvī	-icāvistī	-icāvit	-icāvimus	-icāvistis	-icāvērunt, -icāvēre
	pluperfect	-icāveram	-icāverās	-icāverat	-icāverāmus	-icāverātis	-icāverant
	future perfect	-icāverō	-icāveris	-icāverit	-icāverimus	-icāveritis	-icāverint
	sigmatic future1	-icāssō	-icāssis	-icāssit	-icāssimus	-icāssitis	-icāssint
passive	present	-icor	-icāris, -icāre	-icātur	-icāmur	-icāminī	-icantur
	imperfect	-icābar	-icābāris, -icābāre	-icābātur	-icābāmur	-icābāminī	-icābantur
	future	-icābor	-icāberis, -icābere	-icābitur	-icābimur	-icābiminī	-icābuntur
	perfect	-icātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-icātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-icātus + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future1	-icāssor	-icāsseris	-icāssitur	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-icem	-icēs	-icet	-icēmus	-icētis	-icent
	imperfect	-icārem	-icārēs	-icāret	-icārēmus	-icārētis	-icārent
	perfect	-icāverim	-icāverīs	-icāverit	-icāverīmus	-icāverītis	-icāverint
	pluperfect	-icāvissem	-icāvissēs	-icāvisset	-icāvissēmus	-icāvissētis	-icāvissent
	sigmatic aorist1	-icāssim	-icāssīs	-icāssīt	-icāssīmus	-icāssītis	-icāssint
passive	present	-icer	-icēris, -icēre	-icētur	-icēmur	-icēminī	-icentur
	imperfect	-icārer	-icārēris, -icārēre	-icārētur	-icārēmur	-icārēminī	-icārentur
	perfect	-icātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	-icātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	-icā	—	—	-icāte	—
	future	—	-icātō	-icātō	—	-icātōte	-icantō
passive	present	—	-icāre	—	—	-icāminī	—
	future	—	-icātor	-icātor	—	—	-icantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		-icāre	-icāvisse	-icātūrum esse	-icārī, -icārier2	-icātum esse	-icātum īrī
participles		-icāns	—	-icātūrus	—	-icātus	-icandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		-icandī	-icandō	-icandum	-icandō	-icātum	-icātū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
²The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -ico

Descendants

• Catalan: -egar
• Italian: -icare
• Sicilian: -icari

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-icō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -icus

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *-kos

Latin -cus

Latin -icuslbor.

Portuguese -ico

Learned borrowing from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin, from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos, *-iḱos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (stressed on the antepenultimate syllable) /i.ku/

Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)

1. -ic; -ical (of or relating to [the suffixed noun])

Derived terms

Portuguese terms suffixed with -ico

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.ku/

Suffix

-ico m (noun-forming suffix, plural -icos, feminine -ica, feminine plural -icas)

1. irregular diminutive suffix, often forming new senses rather than semantic diminutives

   ‎burro (“donkey”) + ‎-ico → ‎burrico (“small donkey”)

   ‎verão (“summer”) + ‎-ico → ‎veranico (“Indian summer”)

Spanish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)

1. forms adjectives from nouns; -ic

   ‎fotografía (“photograph”) + ‎-ico → ‎fotográfico (“photographic”)

Usage notes

• The stress will fall on the syllable before the suffix (e.g. cuántico, with emphasis on /a/). Contrast Etymology 2, with stress on the suffix.

Etymology 2

Related to Ladino -iko, which serves as the equivalent of -ito.

Suffix

-ico m (noun-forming suffix, plural -icos)

1. (Murcia, Granada, Navarre, Aragon, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica) diminutive suffix, pejorative in certain regions; forms nouns from nouns; replaces standard Spanish suffix -ito (in Cuba/Colombia/Venezuela/Costa Rica, it is only used with words that end in /t/, e.g. gato > gatico; but perro > perrito.

Usage notes

• The stress falls on the first syllable of the suffix (e.g. marica, with emphasis on /i/). Contrast Etymology 1, with stress on the syllable preceding the suffix.

Derived terms

Spanish terms suffixed with -ico

Further reading

• “-ico”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28