Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drūgiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possible vṛddhi gerundive of otherwise unattested *drugijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥ǵʰ-yé-ti, from *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdruː.ɣiz/

Adjective

*drūgiz

1. hard, solid
2. dry

Inflection

Declension of *drūgiz (i-stem)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*drūgiz	*drūgijai	*drūgī	*drūgijôz	*drūgį, *-jatō	*drūgijō
accusative	*drūgijanǭ	*drūgijanz	*drūgijǭ	*drūgijōz	*drūgį, *-jatō	*drūgijō
genitive	*drūgijas, *drūgīs	*drūgijaizǫ̂	*drūgijaizōz	*drūgijaizǫ̂	*drūgijas, *drūgīs	*drūgijaizǫ̂
dative	*drūgijammai	*drūgijaimaz	*drūgijaizōi	*drūgijaimaz	*drūgijammai	*drūgijaimaz
instrumental	*drūgijanō	*drūgijaimiz	*drūgijaizō	*drūgijaimiz	*drūgijanō	*drūgijaimiz
weak declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*drūgijô	*drūgijaniz	*drūgijǭ	*drūgijōniz	*drūgijô	*drūgijōnō
accusative	*drūgijanų	*drūgijanunz	*drūgijōnų	*drūgijōnunz	*drūgijô	*drūgijōnō
genitive	*drūgīniz	*drūgijanǫ̂	*drūgijōniz	*drūgijōnǫ̂	*drūgīniz	*drūgijanǫ̂
dative	*drūgīni	*drūgijammaz	*drūgijōni	*drūgijōmaz	*drūgīni	*drūgijammaz
instrumental	*drūgīnē	*drūgijammiz	*drūgijōnē	*drūgijōmiz	*drūgīnē	*drūgijammiz

Related terms

• *draugiz
• *druknaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *drūgī
  • Old English: drȳġe, drīġe (or < *draugī)
    • Middle English: drye, drie, dri, drige, dryge, drüȝe
      • English: dry
      • Scots: dry, drey
  • Old Frisian: *drūge, *drēge, *drūch;
    • North Frisian: drüg, driig
    • Saterland Frisian: druuch
  • Old Saxon: *drūgi
    • Middle Low German: drûge, drüge
  • Old Dutch: *drūgi
    • Middle Dutch: drughe, drueghe
      • Limburgish: druug
  • Old High German: *drūgi (northern, attested as drūgon (dat.pl.))
    • Middle High German: trǖge, drǖge
      • Central Franconian: drüch, dreich, drei
        • Luxembourgish: dréchen (merged with *drukn)
      • East Central German: treiche
      • German: treuge (obsolete)