Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/pana

This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Ryukyuan

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Japonic *pana (flower).

Pronunciation

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  • Tone class: B

Noun

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*pana

  1. flower
Descendants
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  • Northern Ryukyuan: 파나 (/⁠faɁ.na⁠/) (Liúqiú guăn yìyŭ, 1469–1470)
    • Kikai:
      Aden: (pana) (tone class AB)
      Araki: (hana) (tone class AB)
      Kamikatetsu: (hana) (tone class AB)
      Nakasato: (hana) (tone class AB)
      Onotsu: (pana) (tone class BC)
      Sakamine: (pana) (tone class AB)
      Shiomichi: (pana) (tone class AB)
      Shitōke: (pana) (tone class BC)
      Wan: (hana) (tone class AB)
    • Kunigami:
      Hentona: (fana)
      Iejima: (phanā) (tone class B)
      Iheya: (fanā) (tone class B)
      Kin: (hānā) (tone class B)
      Nago: (pana) (tone class B)
      Nakijin-Yonamine: (phanā) (tone class B)
      Sakimotobu: (fana) (tone class B)
      Sesoko: (fanā) (tone class B)
    • Northern Amami Ōshima:
      Naze: (hana) (tone class AB)
      Yamatohama: (hana)
    • Okinawan:
      Itoman: (hana)
      Naha: (hana)
      Shuri: (hana) (tone class B)
    • Okinoerabu:
      China: (hanā) (tone class B)
      Kamishiro: (hana) (tone class B)
      Serikaku: (hanā)
      Tetechina: (hana)
      Wadomari: (hanā) (tone class B)
    • Southern Amami Ōshima:
      Koniya: (fana)
      Shodon: (hana) (tone class BC)
    • Tokunoshima:
      Asama: (hanā) (tone class B)
      Kametsu: (hana) (tone class B)
      San: (hana) (tone class B)
    • Yoron: (pana) (tone class B)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako:
      Bora: (pana)
      Hirara: (pana)
      Ikema: (hana)
      Nishihara: (hana) (tone class B)
      Irabu: (pana)
      Karimata: (pana)
      Kuninaka: (pana)
      Minna: (pana) (tone class B)
      Nagahama: (pana)
      Nakachi: (pana)
      Nobaru: (pana)
      Ōgami: (pana)
      Ōura: (pana) (tone class AB)
      Shimajiri: (pana)
      Shiokawa: (pana)
      Tarama: (pana)
      Nakasuji: (pana) (tone class A/B)
      Uechi: (pana)
      Yonaha: (pana) (tone class AB)
    • Yaeyama:
      Aragusuku: (pana)
      Hateruma: (pana) (tone class BC)
      Hatoma: (pana) (tone class B)
      Ishigaki: (pana) (tone class BC)
      Kabira: (pana)
      Kohama: (pana)
      Kuroshima: (pana)
      Sonai: (pana)
      Taketomi: (hənə) (tone class BC)
    • Yonaguni: (hana) (tone class B)

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Japonic *pana (nose).

Pronunciation

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  • Tone class: A

Noun

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*pana

  1. nose
Descendants
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  • Northern Ryukyuan: 파나 (/⁠pʰana⁠/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)
    • Kikai:
      Aden: (pana) (tone class AB)
      Araki: (hana) (tone class AB)
      Kamikatetsu: (hana) (tone class AB)
      Nakasato: (hana) (tone class AB)
      Onotsu: (pana) (tone class A)
      Shiomichi: (pana) (tone class AB)
      Shitōke: (pana) (tone class A)
      Wan: (hana) (tone class AB)
    • Kunigami:
      Hentona: (fana)
      Iejima: (phana) (tone class AC)
      Iheya: (fana) (tone class A)
      Kin: (hana) (tone class A)
      Nago: (phana) (tone class A)
      Nakijin-Yonamine: (phanā) (tone class A)
      Oku: (pana)
      Sakimotobu: (fana) (tone class A)
      Sesoko: (fana) (tone class A)
      Sumuide: (pana)
    • Northern Amami Ōshima:
      Isu: (fana)
      Kasari-Tekebu: (fana)
      Naze: (hana) (tone class AB (however, with <LF> accent instead of expected <LH>)
      Sumiyō: (fana)
      Yamato: (hana)
      Yamatohama: (hana)
      Yuwan: (hana)
    • Okinawan:
      Itoman: (hana)
      Nago: (fana)
      Naha: (hana)
      Shuri: (hana) (tone class A)
      Yara: (hana)
    • Okinoerabu:
      China: (fana) (tone class A)
      Kamishiro: (hana) (tone class A)
      Serikaku: (hanā)
      Tetechina: (hana)
      Wadomari: (hana) (tone class A)
    • Southern Amami Ōshima:
      Koniya: (fana, hana)
      Shodon: (hana) (tone class A)
    • Tokunoshima:
      Asama: (hanā) (tone class A)
      Inō: (hana)
      Kametsu: (hana) (tone class A)
      San: (hana) (tone class A)
    • Yoron: (pana) (tone class A)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako:
      Bora: (pana)
      Hirara: (pana)
      Ikema: (hana)
      Nishihara: (hana) (tone class B)
      Irabu: (pana)
      Karimata: (pana)
      Kuninaka: (pana)
      Minna: (pana) (tone class A)
      Nagahama: (pana)
      Nakachi: (pana)
      Nobaru: (pana)
      Ōgami: (pana)
      Ōura: (pana) (tone class AB)
      Sarahama: (hana)
      Sawada: (pana)
      Shimajiri: (pana)
      Shiokawa: (pana)
      Tarama: (pana)
      Nakasuji: (pana) (tone class A)
      Uechi: (pana)
      Yonaha: (pana)
    • Yaeyama:
      Hateruma: (pana) (tone class A)
      Hatoma: (pana) (tone class A)
      Ishigaki: (hana) (tone class A)
      Kabira: (pana)
      Kohama: (pana)
      Kuroshima: (hənə)
      Sonai: (pana)
      Taketomi: (pana) (tone class A)
    • Yonaguni: (hana) (tone class A)

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Japonic *pana (edge, end).

Pronunciation

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  • Tone class: A

Noun

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*pana

  1. edge, end
  2. beginning, start
  3. tip, top
  4. cape
  5. prow (of a boat)
Descendants
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  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kikai:
      • Aden: (fana)
    • Kunigami:
      Iejima: (phana) (tone class AC)
      Nakijin-Yonamine: (phanā) (tone class A)
    • Okinawan:
      Naha: (hana)
      Shuri: (hana) (tone class A)
    • Okinoerabu:
      China: (hana) (tone class A)
      Wadomari: (hana) (tone class A)
    • Tokunoshima:
      Asama: (hanā) (tone class A)
      Kametsu: (hana) (tone class A)
    • Yoron: (pana) (tone class B)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako:
      Hirara: (pana)
      Ikema: (hana)
      Nishihara: (hana) (tone class B)
      Minna: (pana) (tone class A)
      Nagahama: (pana)
      Nakachi: (pana)
      Tarama:
      Nakasuji: (pana)
    • Yaeyama:
      Hateruma: (pana) (tone class A)
      Hatoma: (pana) (tone class A)
      Ishigaki: (hana, pana) (tone class A)
      Taketomi: (pənə)