Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vermę

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wer(t)men/*wer(t)min, from Proto-Indo-European *wértmn̥ (“revolution”), a -men-stem derivative of *wert- (“to turn”). Cognate with Sanskrit वर्त्मन् (vártman, “track, course”). Probably originally meant “period (of time)”, undergoing a similar semantic shift as French temps (“time”) from Latin tempus (“period”).

Noun

*vermę̀ n

1. (probably) period, hour

   Synonym: *časъ

2. time

   Synonyms: *pora, *počasьje

Declension

Declension of *vermę (n-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vermę	*vȇrmeni	*vermenà
genitive	*vȇrmene	*vermenù	*vermènъ
dative	*vȇrmeni	*vermenьmà	*vermènьmъ
accusative	*vermę	*vȇrmeni	*vermenà
instrumental	*vȇrmenьmь	*vermenьmà	*vermený
locative	*vȇrmene	*vermenù	*vermènьxъ
vocative	*vermę	*vȇrmeni	*vermenà

Derived terms

• *bezvermьje (“timelessness”)
• *vermenьnъ (“temporary”)
• *vermevъ (“temporal”)
• *vermena dьne (“times of day”)
• *vermena goda (“seasons”)

Related terms

• *verteno (“spindle”)
• *vorta (“door, gate”)
• *vortiti (“to turn, to return”)
• *vьrsta, *vьrstva (“row, line, age, kind”)
• *vьrtěti (“to turn”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: веремѧ (veremę)
    • Old Ruthenian: веремѧ (veremja)
      • Belarusian: ве́реме (vjérjemje) (obsolete)
      • Ukrainian: ве́ре́м'я (vérémʺja) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⱑⰿⱔ (vrěmę)

    Old Cyrillic script: врѣмѧ (vrěmę)

    • Bulgarian: вре́ме (vréme), вря́ме (vrjáme) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: време (vreme)
    • → Old East Slavic: врѣмѧ (vrěmę)
      • Old Ruthenian: врѣмѧ (vrěmja), врѣмнѧ (vrěmnja)
        • Belarusian: вре́ме (vrjémje), урэ́мя (urémja) (obsolete)
        • Ukrainian: вре́м'я (vrémʺja), уре́м'я (urémʺja), уре́мня (urémnja), ве́ремє (véremje) (obsolete)
      • Russian: вре́мя (vrémja)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: вре́ме, врије́ме, ври́ме

    Latin script: vréme, vrijéme, vríme

  • Slovene: vréme
• West Slavic:
  • Old Polish: wrzemię

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: vreme

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “время”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “време”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 185