pergola

See also: Pergola, pérgola, pèrgola, pergolă, and pergolą

English

WOTD – 18 December 2012, 18 December 2014

A pergola.

Alternative forms

• pergolo (dated)
• pergula

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian pergola, from Latin pergula.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜːɡələ/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /pɜːˈɡɐʉlə/

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

Noun

pergola (plural pergolas or pergole)

1. A framework in the form of a passageway of columns that supports a trelliswork roof; used to support and train climbing plants.
   • 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

     The thick vegetation met overhead, interlacing into a natural pergola, and through this tunnel of verdure in a golden twilight flowed the green, pellucid river, beautiful in itself, but marvelous from the strange tints thrown by the vivid light from above filtered and tempered in its fall.

   • 1919, Ronald Firbank, Valmouth, Duckworth, hardback edition, page 61:

     By the little garden pergola open to the winds some fluttered peacocks were blotted nervelessly amid the dripping trees, their heads sunk back beneath their wings: while in the pergola itself, like a fallen storm-cloud, lolled a negress, her levelled, polecat eyes semi-veiled by the nebulous alchemy of the rainbow.

   • 2000, Gordon Bock, "Pergolas in perspective", Old-House Journal, July/August 2000:

     While both pergolas and arbors are most dramatic cloaked in climbing, flowing plants, only a pergola will stand naked as a piece of architecture.

   • 2009, Jerri Farris, Creating Garden Accents: Step-by-Step Instructions for 22 Projects, Creative Publishing International, published 2002, →ISBN, page 98:

     When I first saw the movie, Chocolat, my favorite element wasn't the plot or the character development or even the cinematography. It was the cloth-draped pergola under which a very special birthday dinner was served.

2. Such a framework employed to provide shade, especially over a patio.

Translations

framework

• Bulgarian: асма f (asma)
• Catalan: pèrgola f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 涼亭／凉亭 (zh) (liángtíng), 涼棚／凉棚 (zh) (liángpéng)

• Czech: pergola (cs) f
• Danish: pergola c
• Dutch: pergola (nl)
• Finnish: pergola (fi)
• French: pergola (fr) f
• Galician: pérgola (gl) f
• German: Pergola (de) f
• Greek: πέργκολα (el) (pérgkola)
• Italian: pergola (it) f, graticcio (it) m, pergolato (it) m
• Japanese: パーゴラ (pāgora)
• Macedonian: одрина f (odrina), пергола f (pergola)
• Ottoman Turkish: چارطاق (çardak), عریش (ʼariş)
• Polish: pergola (pl) f
• Portuguese: pérgola (pt) f, (Brazil) pergolado (pt) m
• Russian: бесе́дка (ru) f (besédka), пе́ргола (ru) f (pérgola), наве́с (ru) m (navés)
• Sicilian: prègula (scn) f
• Spanish: pérgola (es) f
• Turkish: pergola (tr)
• Welsh: deildy m, pergola m

Further reading

• Pergola in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Anagrams

• polegar

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛrɡola]
• Rhymes: -ola

Noun

pergola f

1. pergola

Declension

Declension of pergola (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	pergola	pergoly
genitive	pergoly	pergol
dative	pergole	pergolám
accusative	pergolu	pergoly
vocative	pergolo	pergoly
locative	pergole	pergolách
instrumental	pergolou	pergolami

Further reading

• “pergola”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “pergola”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Noun

pergola c (singular definite pergolaen, plural indefinite pergolaer)

1. pergola

Declension

Declension of pergola

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	pergola	pergolaen	pergolaer	pergolaerne
genitive	pergolas	pergolaens	pergolaers	pergolaernes

Further reading

• “pergola” in Den Danske Ordbog

Finnish

Etymology

From Italian pergola.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈperɡolɑ/, [ˈpe̞rɡo̞lɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -erɡolɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): per‧go‧la

Noun

pergola

1. pergola

Declension

Inflection of pergola (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		pergola	pergolat
genitive		pergolan	pergoloiden pergoloitten
partitive		pergolaa	pergoloita
illative		pergolaan	pergoloihin
		singular	plural
nominative		pergola	pergolat
accusative	nom.	pergola	pergolat
	gen.	pergolan
genitive		pergolan	pergoloiden pergoloitten pergolain rare
partitive		pergolaa	pergoloita
inessive		pergolassa	pergoloissa
elative		pergolasta	pergoloista
illative		pergolaan	pergoloihin
adessive		pergolalla	pergoloilla
ablative		pergolalta	pergoloilta
allative		pergolalle	pergoloille
essive		pergolana	pergoloina
translative		pergolaksi	pergoloiksi
abessive		pergolatta	pergoloitta
instructive		—	pergoloin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of pergola (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative pergolani pergolani accusative nom. pergolani pergolani gen. pergolani genitive pergolani pergoloideni pergoloitteni pergolaini rare partitive pergolaani pergoloitani inessive pergolassani pergoloissani elative pergolastani pergoloistani illative pergolaani pergoloihini adessive pergolallani pergoloillani ablative pergolaltani pergoloiltani allative pergolalleni pergoloilleni essive pergolanani pergoloinani translative pergolakseni pergoloikseni abessive pergolattani pergoloittani instructive — — comitative — pergoloineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative pergolasi pergolasi accusative nom. pergolasi pergolasi gen. pergolasi genitive pergolasi pergoloidesi pergoloittesi pergolaisi rare partitive pergolaasi pergoloitasi inessive pergolassasi pergoloissasi elative pergolastasi pergoloistasi illative pergolaasi pergoloihisi adessive pergolallasi pergoloillasi ablative pergolaltasi pergoloiltasi allative pergolallesi pergoloillesi essive pergolanasi pergoloinasi translative pergolaksesi pergoloiksesi abessive pergolattasi pergoloittasi instructive — — comitative — pergoloinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative pergolamme pergolamme accusative nom. pergolamme pergolamme gen. pergolamme genitive pergolamme pergoloidemme pergoloittemme pergolaimme rare partitive pergolaamme pergoloitamme inessive pergolassamme pergoloissamme elative pergolastamme pergoloistamme illative pergolaamme pergoloihimme adessive pergolallamme pergoloillamme ablative pergolaltamme pergoloiltamme allative pergolallemme pergoloillemme essive pergolanamme pergoloinamme translative pergolaksemme pergoloiksemme abessive pergolattamme pergoloittamme instructive — — comitative — pergoloinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative pergolanne pergolanne accusative nom. pergolanne pergolanne gen. pergolanne genitive pergolanne pergoloidenne pergoloittenne pergolainne rare partitive pergolaanne pergoloitanne inessive pergolassanne pergoloissanne elative pergolastanne pergoloistanne illative pergolaanne pergoloihinne adessive pergolallanne pergoloillanne ablative pergolaltanne pergoloiltanne allative pergolallenne pergoloillenne essive pergolananne pergoloinanne translative pergolaksenne pergoloiksenne abessive pergolattanne pergoloittanne instructive — — comitative — pergoloinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative pergolansa pergolansa accusative nom. pergolansa pergolansa gen. pergolansa genitive pergolansa pergoloidensa pergoloittensa pergolainsa rare partitive pergolaansa pergoloitaan pergoloitansa inessive pergolassaan pergolassansa pergoloissaan pergoloissansa elative pergolastaan pergolastansa pergoloistaan pergoloistansa illative pergolaansa pergoloihinsa adessive pergolallaan pergolallansa pergoloillaan pergoloillansa ablative pergolaltaan pergolaltansa pergoloiltaan pergoloiltansa allative pergolalleen pergolallensa pergoloilleen pergoloillensa essive pergolanaan pergolanansa pergoloinaan pergoloinansa translative pergolakseen pergolaksensa pergoloikseen pergoloiksensa abessive pergolattaan pergolattansa pergoloittaan pergoloittansa instructive — — comitative — pergoloineen pergoloinensa

Further reading

• “pergola”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Italian

Etymology

From Latin pergula.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛr.ɡo.la/
• Rhymes: -ɛrɡola
• Hyphenation: pèr‧go‧la

Noun

pergola f (plural pergole)

1. pergola
2. (heraldry) pall

Synonyms

• pergolato

Descendants

• → English: pergola
• → Portuguese: pérgola, pérgula
• → Spanish: pérgola

Anagrams

• pargole, plagerò, pregalo

Polish

pergola

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian pergola.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɛrˈɡɔ.la/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔla
• Syllabification: per‧go‧la

Noun

pergola f

1. pergola (framework in the form of a passageway of columns that supports a trelliswork roof; used to support and train climbing plants)

Declension

Declension of pergola

	singular	plural
nominative	pergola	pergole
genitive	pergoli	pergoli/pergol
dative	pergoli	pergolom
accusative	pergolę	pergole
instrumental	pergolą	pergolami
locative	pergoli	pergolach
vocative	pergolo	pergole

Further reading

• pergola in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• pergola in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• pergola in PWN's encyclopedia