s- (causative prefix) + ꜣḫ (“to be useful or effective”).
caus. 2-lit.
- (transitive) to make useful or effective
Conjugation of sꜣḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sꜣḫ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
sꜣḫt, sꜣḫ
|
sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ
|
sꜣḫt
|
sꜣḫ
|
sꜣḫ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
sꜣḫ
|
ḥr sꜣḫ
|
m sꜣḫ
|
r sꜣḫ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sꜣḫ.n
|
sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ
|
consecutive
|
sꜣḫ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
sꜣḫt
|
| perfective3
|
sꜣḫ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
sꜣḫ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
sꜣḫ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ, sꜣḫy
|
sꜣḫw, sꜣḫ, sꜣḫy
|
potentialis1
|
sꜣḫ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
sꜣḫ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sꜣḫ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
sꜣḫ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sꜣḫ
|
sꜣḫ, sꜣḫw5, sꜣḫy5
|
| imperfective
|
sꜣḫ, sꜣḫy, sꜣḫw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sꜣḫ, sꜣḫj6, sꜣḫy6
|
sꜣḫ, sꜣḫw5
|
| prospective
|
sꜣḫ, sꜣḫtj7
|
—
|
sꜣḫwtj1 4, sꜣḫtj4, sꜣḫt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 162.
