subir

Asturian

Verb

subir

1. Alternative form of xubir

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French subir, borrowed from Latin subīre (“approach”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sy.biʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

subir

1. (transitive) to suffer
2. (transitive) to undergo, be subjected to
   • 1862, Victor Hugo, chapter 1, in Les Misérables, Tome I : Fantine, book 1:

     M. Myriel devait subir le sort de tout nouveau venu dans une petite ville où il y a beaucoup de bouches qui parlent et fort peu de têtes qui pensent.

     Monsieur Myriel had to endure the lot of any newcomer in a small town where there are many mouths that talk, and very few heads that think.

3. (transitive) to have (an operation, medical test etc.); to take (an exam)
4. (transitive) to put up with (someone or something)

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of subir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	subir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	subissant /sy.bi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		subi /sy.bi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	subis /sy.bi/	subis /sy.bi/	subit /sy.bi/	subissons /sy.bi.sɔ̃/	subissez /sy.bi.se/	subissent /sy.bis/
	imperfect	subissais /sy.bi.sɛ/	subissais /sy.bi.sɛ/	subissait /sy.bi.sɛ/	subissions /sy.bi.sjɔ̃/	subissiez /sy.bi.sje/	subissaient /sy.bi.sɛ/
	past historic2	subis /sy.bi/	subis /sy.bi/	subit /sy.bi/	subîmes /sy.bim/	subîtes /sy.bit/	subirent /sy.biʁ/
	future	subirai /sy.bi.ʁe/	subiras /sy.bi.ʁa/	subira /sy.bi.ʁa/	subirons /sy.bi.ʁɔ̃/	subirez /sy.bi.ʁe/	subiront /sy.bi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	subirais /sy.bi.ʁɛ/	subirais /sy.bi.ʁɛ/	subirait /sy.bi.ʁɛ/	subirions /sy.bi.ʁjɔ̃/	subiriez /sy.bi.ʁje/	subiraient /sy.bi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	subisse /sy.bis/	subisses /sy.bis/	subisse /sy.bis/	subissions /sy.bi.sjɔ̃/	subissiez /sy.bi.sje/	subissent /sy.bis/
	imperfect2	subisse /sy.bis/	subisses /sy.bis/	subît /sy.bi/	subissions /sy.bi.sjɔ̃/	subissiez /sy.bi.sje/	subissent /sy.bis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	subis /sy.bi/	—	subissons /sy.bi.sɔ̃/	subissez /sy.bi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “subir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• rubis

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese subir, sobir, inherited from Latin subīre, present active infinitive of subeō (“approach”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [suˈβiɾ]

Verb

subir (first-person singular present subo, third-person singular present sobe, first-person singular preterite subín, past participle subido)

1. to ascend, go up

   Antonyms: baixar, descender

2. to climb

   Synonyms: agatuñar, rubir

   Antonyms: baixar, descender

3. to mount

   Synonym: montar

4. (computing) to upload

   Antonym: descargar

5. (of the tide, the sea) to flow

Conjugation

    Conjugation of subir (u-o alternation in present singular)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	subir
Personal	subir	subires	subir	subirmos	subirdes	subiren
Gerund
	subindo
Past participle
Masculine	subido			subidos
Feminine	subida			subidas
Indicative
Present	subo	sobes	sobe	subimos	subides	soben
Imperfect	subía	subías	subía	subiamos	subiades	subían
Preterite	subín	subiches	subiu	subimos	subistes	subiron
Pluperfect	subira	subiras	subira	subiramos	subirades	subiran
Future	subirei	subirás	subirá	subiremos	subiredes	subirán
Conditional	subiría	subirías	subiría	subiriamos	subiriades	subirían
Subjunctive
Present	suba	subas	suba	subamos	subades	suban
Imperfect	subise	subises	subise	subísemos	subísedes	subisen
Future	subir	subires	subir	subirmos	subirdes	subiren
Imperative
Affirmative		sube	suba	subamos	subide	suban
Negative (non)		non subas	non suba	non subamos	non subades	non suban

    Reintegrated conjugation of subir (u-o alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	subir
Personal	subir	subires	subir	subirmos	subirdes	subirem
Gerund
	subindo
Past participle
Masculine	subido			subidos
Feminine	subida			subidas
Indicative
Present	subo	sobes	sobe	subimos	subides, subis	sobem
Imperfect	subia	subias	subia	subíamos	subíades, subíeis, subíais1	subiam
Preterite	subim, subi	subiste, subiche1	subiu	subimos	subistes	subírom, subiram
Pluperfect	subira	subiras	subira	subíramos	subírades, subíreis, subírais1	subiram
Future	subirei	subirás	subirá	subiremos	subiredes, subireis	subirám, subirão
Conditional	subiria	subirias	subiria	subiríamos	subiríades, subiríeis, subiríais1	subiriam
Subjunctive
Present	suba	subas	suba	subamos	subades, subais	subam
Imperfect	subisse	subisses	subisse	subíssemos	subíssedes, subísseis	subissem
Future	subir	subires	subir	subirmos	subirdes	subirem
Imperative
Affirmative		sobe	suba	subamos	subide, subi	subam
Negative (nom)		nom subas	nom suba	nom subamos	nom subades, nom subais	nom subam

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• sosubir

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “subir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “subir”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “subir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “subir”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “subir”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese subir, sobir, inherited from Latin subīre (“to approach”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈbi(ʁ)/ [suˈbi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈbi(ʁ)/ [suˈbi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /suˈbi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /suˈbi(ʁ)/ [suˈbi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈbi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /suˈbiɾ/ [suˈβiɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /suˈbiɾ/ [suˈβiɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /suˈbi.ɾi/ [suˈβi.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: su‧bir

Verb

subir (first-person singular present subo, third-person singular present sobe, first-person singular preterite subi, past participle subido)

1. to ascend, to go up

   Synonyms: ascender, elevar-se

   Antonym: descer

2. to climb

   Synonyms: escalar, trepar

3. to upload

   Antonyms: baixar, descarregar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of subir (u-o alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	subir
Personal	subir	subires	subir	subirmos	subirdes	subirem
Gerund
	subindo
Past participle
Masculine	subido			subidos
Feminine	subida			subidas
Indicative
Present	subo	sobes	sobe	subimos	subis	sobem
Imperfect	subia	subias	subia	subíamos	subíeis	subiam
Preterite	subi	subiste	subiu	subimos	subistes	subiram
Pluperfect	subira	subiras	subira	subíramos	subíreis	subiram
Future	subirei	subirás	subirá	subiremos	subireis	subirão
Conditional	subiria	subirias	subiria	subiríamos	subiríeis	subiriam
Subjunctive
Present	suba	subas	suba	subamos	subais	subam
Imperfect	subisse	subisses	subisse	subíssemos	subísseis	subissem
Future	subir	subires	subir	subirmos	subirdes	subirem
Imperative
Affirmative		sobe	suba	subamos	subi	subam
Negative (não)		não subas	não suba	não subamos	não subais	não subam

Related terms

• subida

Descendants

• Macanese: subí

Further reading

• “subir” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “subir”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
• “subir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish subir, sobir, inherited from Latin subīre (“approach”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suˈbiɾ/ [suˈβ̞iɾ]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: su‧bir

Verb

subir (first-person singular present subo, first-person singular preterite subí, past participle subido)

1. to go up or come up

   Antonym: bajar

2. to raise

   Synonym: alzar

3. to climb

   Synonym: ascender

4. (computing) to upload

   Synonyms: cargar, colgar

   Antonyms: bajar, descargar

   • 2019, “No Tan Jóvenes”, performed by Carolina Durante:

     Sólo veo el sol en las fotos que subes / Casi no me acuerdo de su forma

     I only see the Sun in the pics you upload / I barely remember its shape

Conjugation

    Conjugation of subir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			subir
gerund			subiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		subido		subida
		plural		subidos		subidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	subo	subestú subísvos	sube	subimos	subís	suben
	imperfect	subía	subías	subía	subíamos	subíais	subían
	preterite	subí	subiste	subió	subimos	subisteis	subieron
	future	subiré	subirás	subirá	subiremos	subiréis	subirán
	conditional	subiría	subirías	subiría	subiríamos	subiríais	subirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	suba	subastú subásvos2	suba	subamos	subáis	suban
	imperfect (ra)	subiera	subieras	subiera	subiéramos	subierais	subieran
	imperfect (se)	subiese	subieses	subiese	subiésemos	subieseis	subiesen
	future1	subiere	subieres	subiere	subiéremos	subiereis	subieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		subetú subívos	suba	subamos	subid	suban
	negative		no subas	no suba	no subamos	no subáis	no suban

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of subir

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive subir
	dative	subirme	subirte	subirle, subirse	subirnos	subiros	subirles, subirse
	accusative	subirme	subirte	subirlo, subirla, subirse	subirnos	subiros	subirlos, subirlas, subirse
with gerund subiendo
	dative	subiéndome	subiéndote	subiéndole, subiéndose	subiéndonos	subiéndoos	subiéndoles, subiéndose
	accusative	subiéndome	subiéndote	subiéndolo, subiéndola, subiéndose	subiéndonos	subiéndoos	subiéndolos, subiéndolas, subiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative sube
	dative	súbeme	súbete	súbele	súbenos	not used	súbeles
	accusative	súbeme	súbete	súbelo, súbela	súbenos	not used	súbelos, súbelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative subí
	dative	subime	subite	subile	subinos	not used	subiles
	accusative	subime	subite	subilo, subila	subinos	not used	subilos, subilas
with formal second-person singular imperative suba
	dative	súbame	not used	súbale, súbase	súbanos	not used	súbales
	accusative	súbame	not used	súbalo, súbala, súbase	súbanos	not used	súbalos, súbalas
with first-person plural imperative subamos
	dative	not used	subámoste	subámosle	subámonos	subámoos	subámosles
	accusative	not used	subámoste	subámoslo, subámosla	subámonos	subámoos	subámoslos, subámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative subid
	dative	subidme	not used	subidle	subidnos	subíos	subidles
	accusative	subidme	not used	subidlo, subidla	subidnos	subíos	subidlos, subidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative suban
	dative	súbanme	not used	súbanle	súbannos	not used	súbanles, súbanse
	accusative	súbanme	not used	súbanlo, súbanla	súbannos	not used	súbanlos, súbanlas, súbanse

Derived terms

• sube y baja
• subida
• subir como la espuma
• subirse a la cabeza
• subirse a las barbas
• subirse al carro
• subirse por las paredes
• ¿eres poeta? ¡pues súbete la bragueta!

 

Further reading

• “subir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28