toko

English

Etymology 1

From Dutch toko (“Southeast Asian grocery store”), from Indonesian Malay toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

Noun

toko (plural tokos)

1. A shop in the Netherlands selling mainly Asian food products, and generally Asian- or Indo-European-owned.

Etymology 2

Noun

toko (uncountable)

1. (obsolete, UK, slang) Alternative spelling of toco (“corporal punishment”)
   • 1892, Edwin James Milliken, “On Law and Order”, in The 'Arry Ballads‎^[3], verse 1, page 58, line 4:

     When a reglar Primroser gits toko, one wonders wot next there will come.

Derived terms

• give toko

Anagrams

• Koot, Otok, koto, took

Dutch

FWOTD – 11 November 2017

Etymology

From Indonesian Malay toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoːkoː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: to‧ko

Noun

toko m (plural toko's, diminutive tokootje n)

1. (historical, referring to Indonesia) a Dutch, otherwise European or Chinese shop [19th to 20th c.]
   • 1879 May 26, W. F. van Erp, "Een toko van keurige provisien." (advertisement), De locomotief. Samarangsch handels- en advertentie-blad, vol. 28, issue 120, page 4.

     Een TOKO van puike DRANKEN.
     Een TOKO om fraaie CADEAUTJES te koopen
     Een TOKO om sterke, mooie IJzeren LEDIKANTEN met toebehooren te koopen.
     Een TOKO van alle soorten BANKET en SUIKERWERK. […]

     A shop for excellent DRINKS.
     A shop where you can buy beautiful GIFTS
     A shop where you can buy strong, beautiful IRON COTS with accessories.
     A shop for all types of BANQUET and SWEETS.

2. (Netherlands) a grocery store or supermarket specializing in Southeast Asian (especially Indonesian or Chinese Indonesian) products, which are mostly food items [from 20th c.]
   • 2007, Peter Gordon, Groente - opnieuw ontdekt, tr. by Aniek Njiokiktjien, Inmerc, 8.

     Struin maar eens over een boerenmarkt om te zien wat er plaatselijk allemaal geteeld en verkocht wordt, of ga naar de dichtstbijzijnde toko of naar een ruim gesorteerde supermarkt om te zien welke onbekende ingrediënten er gewoon bij je om de hoek te koop zijn.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (colloquial, Netherlands) shop, store, stand [from 20th c.]
   • 2015, Anna Nooshin, On Top, Unieboek | Het Sprectrum:

     Opende de toko, sloot de toko, ik wóónde praktisch in die toko.

     Opened the store, closed the store, I practically lived in that store.

   Synonyms: handel, kraam, winkel

4. (colloquial, Netherlands) any company or business [from late 20th c.]
   • 2010, Aefke ten Hagen, In naam van mijn vader, Mistral/FMB Uitgevers.

     ‘Peter!’ doet Wouter enthousiast. ‘Goed om jou hier te treffen!’
     ‘Tja,’ lacht Peter. ‘Het is mijn toko.’

     ‘Peter!’ says Wouter with enthusiasm. ‘Good to see you here!’
     ‘Well,’ Peter laughs. ‘It is my business.’

   • 2013 March, Chris Broesder, “Games ontwikkelen voor Nintendo en Sony wordt makkelijker”, in Personal Computer Magazine:

     De andere Japanse games-toko, Nintendo genaamd, zegt ook een beter ontwikkelklimaat te willen voor indie-ontwikkelaars.

     The other Japanese games company, called Nintendo, says it also wants a better development environment for indie developers.

   • 2015, Daniël Meyer, De man van Venus, Futuro:

     Ga eens naar de balansen, kijken we wat die toko waard is.

     Go check the balances, then we'll see what the value of that business is.

   Synonyms: bedrijf, handel, zaak, tent

Descendants

• → English: toko

Anagrams

• toko

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoko/, [ˈt̪o̞ko̞]
• Rhymes: -oko
• Hyphenation^(key): to‧ko

Etymology 1

Initialism for tottelevaisuuskoe (“obedience trial”).

Noun

toko

1. obedience trial (dog sport)

Declension

Inflection of toko (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		toko	tokot
genitive		tokon	tokojen
partitive		tokoa	tokoja
illative		tokoon	tokoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		toko	tokot
accusative	nom.	toko	tokot
	gen.	tokon
genitive		tokon	tokojen
partitive		tokoa	tokoja
inessive		tokossa	tokoissa
elative		tokosta	tokoista
illative		tokoon	tokoihin
adessive		tokolla	tokoilla
ablative		tokolta	tokoilta
allative		tokolle	tokoille
essive		tokona	tokoina
translative		tokoksi	tokoiksi
abessive		tokotta	tokoitta
instructive		—	tokoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of toko (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tokoni tokoni accusative nom. tokoni tokoni gen. tokoni genitive tokoni tokojeni partitive tokoani tokojani inessive tokossani tokoissani elative tokostani tokoistani illative tokooni tokoihini adessive tokollani tokoillani ablative tokoltani tokoiltani allative tokolleni tokoilleni essive tokonani tokoinani translative tokokseni tokoikseni abessive tokottani tokoittani instructive — — comitative — tokoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tokosi tokosi accusative nom. tokosi tokosi gen. tokosi genitive tokosi tokojesi partitive tokoasi tokojasi inessive tokossasi tokoissasi elative tokostasi tokoistasi illative tokoosi tokoihisi adessive tokollasi tokoillasi ablative tokoltasi tokoiltasi allative tokollesi tokoillesi essive tokonasi tokoinasi translative tokoksesi tokoiksesi abessive tokottasi tokoittasi instructive — — comitative — tokoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tokomme tokomme accusative nom. tokomme tokomme gen. tokomme genitive tokomme tokojemme partitive tokoamme tokojamme inessive tokossamme tokoissamme elative tokostamme tokoistamme illative tokoomme tokoihimme adessive tokollamme tokoillamme ablative tokoltamme tokoiltamme allative tokollemme tokoillemme essive tokonamme tokoinamme translative tokoksemme tokoiksemme abessive tokottamme tokoittamme instructive — — comitative — tokoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tokonne tokonne accusative nom. tokonne tokonne gen. tokonne genitive tokonne tokojenne partitive tokoanne tokojanne inessive tokossanne tokoissanne elative tokostanne tokoistanne illative tokoonne tokoihinne adessive tokollanne tokoillanne ablative tokoltanne tokoiltanne allative tokollenne tokoillenne essive tokonanne tokoinanne translative tokoksenne tokoiksenne abessive tokottanne tokoittanne instructive — — comitative — tokoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative tokonsa tokonsa accusative nom. tokonsa tokonsa gen. tokonsa genitive tokonsa tokojensa partitive tokoaan tokoansa tokojaan tokojansa inessive tokossaan tokossansa tokoissaan tokoissansa elative tokostaan tokostansa tokoistaan tokoistansa illative tokoonsa tokoihinsa adessive tokollaan tokollansa tokoillaan tokoillansa ablative tokoltaan tokoltansa tokoiltaan tokoiltansa allative tokolleen tokollensa tokoilleen tokoillensa essive tokonaan tokonansa tokoinaan tokoinansa translative tokokseen tokoksensa tokoikseen tokoiksensa abessive tokottaan tokottansa tokoittaan tokoittansa instructive — — comitative — tokoineen tokoinensa

Synonyms

• tottelevaisuuskoe

Etymology 2

Based on the genus name (translingual Tockus).

Noun

toko

1. hornbill of the genera Tockus, Tropicranus or Ocyceros.

Declension

Inflection of toko (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		toko	tokot
genitive		tokon	tokojen
partitive		tokoa	tokoja
illative		tokoon	tokoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		toko	tokot
accusative	nom.	toko	tokot
	gen.	tokon
genitive		tokon	tokojen
partitive		tokoa	tokoja
inessive		tokossa	tokoissa
elative		tokosta	tokoista
illative		tokoon	tokoihin
adessive		tokolla	tokoilla
ablative		tokolta	tokoilta
allative		tokolle	tokoille
essive		tokona	tokoina
translative		tokoksi	tokoiksi
abessive		tokotta	tokoitta
instructive		—	tokoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of toko (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tokoni tokoni accusative nom. tokoni tokoni gen. tokoni genitive tokoni tokojeni partitive tokoani tokojani inessive tokossani tokoissani elative tokostani tokoistani illative tokooni tokoihini adessive tokollani tokoillani ablative tokoltani tokoiltani allative tokolleni tokoilleni essive tokonani tokoinani translative tokokseni tokoikseni abessive tokottani tokoittani instructive — — comitative — tokoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tokosi tokosi accusative nom. tokosi tokosi gen. tokosi genitive tokosi tokojesi partitive tokoasi tokojasi inessive tokossasi tokoissasi elative tokostasi tokoistasi illative tokoosi tokoihisi adessive tokollasi tokoillasi ablative tokoltasi tokoiltasi allative tokollesi tokoillesi essive tokonasi tokoinasi translative tokoksesi tokoiksesi abessive tokottasi tokoittasi instructive — — comitative — tokoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tokomme tokomme accusative nom. tokomme tokomme gen. tokomme genitive tokomme tokojemme partitive tokoamme tokojamme inessive tokossamme tokoissamme elative tokostamme tokoistamme illative tokoomme tokoihimme adessive tokollamme tokoillamme ablative tokoltamme tokoiltamme allative tokollemme tokoillemme essive tokonamme tokoinamme translative tokoksemme tokoiksemme abessive tokottamme tokoittamme instructive — — comitative — tokoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tokonne tokonne accusative nom. tokonne tokonne gen. tokonne genitive tokonne tokojenne partitive tokoanne tokojanne inessive tokossanne tokoissanne elative tokostanne tokoistanne illative tokoonne tokoihinne adessive tokollanne tokoillanne ablative tokoltanne tokoiltanne allative tokollenne tokoillenne essive tokonanne tokoinanne translative tokoksenne tokoiksenne abessive tokottanne tokoittanne instructive — — comitative — tokoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative tokonsa tokonsa accusative nom. tokonsa tokonsa gen. tokonsa genitive tokonsa tokojensa partitive tokoaan tokoansa tokojaan tokojansa inessive tokossaan tokossansa tokoissaan tokoissansa elative tokostaan tokostansa tokoistaan tokoistansa illative tokoonsa tokoihinsa adessive tokollaan tokollansa tokoillaan tokoillansa ablative tokoltaan tokoltansa tokoiltaan tokoiltansa allative tokolleen tokollensa tokoilleen tokoillensa essive tokonaan tokonansa tokoinaan tokoinansa translative tokokseen tokoksensa tokoikseen tokoiksensa abessive tokottaan tokottansa tokoittaan tokoittansa instructive — — comitative — tokoineen tokoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• aarnitoko
• aasiantoko
• afrikantoko
• akaasiatoko
• angolantoko
• etelänkeltatoko
• harmaatoko
• intiantoko
• kalliotoko
• keltanokkatoko
• kirjotoko
• kruunutoko
• malabarintoko
• namibiantoko
• pikkutoko
• punanokkatoko
• srilankantoko
• turkanantoko
• valkonokkatoko
• valkotöyhtötoko

 

Anagrams

• koot, koto

Hopi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

toko

1. fruit

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈto.ko/
• Rhymes: -o

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

Noun

toko (first-person possessive tokoku, second-person possessive tokomu, third-person possessive tokonya)

1. shop; store

   toko buku ― bookshop

   toko kelontong ― convenience store

   toko serba ada ― department store

   • 2008 [1997 July 10], Ajip Rosidi, Yang datang telanjang: Surat-surat Ajip Rosidi dari Jepang, 1980-2002 [That came naked: Letters of Ajip Rosidi from Japan, 1980-2002] (non-fiction), Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, →ISBN, Kepada Lazuardi Anwar, page 574:

     Walaupun kalau saya berkunjung ke tanahair, selalu menyempatkan diri ke toko buku. Tapi banyak buku yang diterbitkan apalagi kalau karya sastera‒tak sampai ke toko buku. Saya sering dengar bahwa toko buku kita umumnya tidak mau memberi tempat buat buku sastera. Tentu karena minat masyarakat terhadap sastera kecil sekali.

     Even when I visited my homeland, I often take my time to go to bookshops. However, many books that are published, especially those that are literary works‒do not reach the bookshops. I often hear that our bookshops generally do not want to give space for literature books. Surely because community interest towards literature is very small.

   • 2018 July 10, “Masyarakat Diajak Buka Toko Virtual [Community Invited to Set Up Virtual Shops]”, in Suara Merdeka‎^[4], archived from the original on 29 October 2018:

     Alfamart melalui program Alfamind mengajak masyarakat untuk menjadi wirausaha dengan membuka toko secara virtual. Melalui aplikasi ini, siapa pun bisa saja menjadi pemilik toko hanya dengan berjualan melalui aplikasi smartphone.

     Alfamart, through the Alfamind program, invites the community to become entrepreneurs by setting up shops virtually. Through this application, anyone can also become a shop owner just by selling through a smartphone application.

Coordinate terms

• eceran
• kantor
• kios
• pasar
• ruko
• warung

 

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• bertoko [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• pertokoan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)

• toko buku
• toko kelontong
• toko pancing
• toko pengecer
• toko penyalur
• toko seni
• toko serba ada
• toko swalayan

 

Descendants

• → Tetum: toko

Etymology 2

From Sundanese [Term?].

Noun

toko (first-person possessive tokoku, second-person possessive tokomu, third-person possessive tokonya)

1. rice weevil (Calandra oryzae).

Further reading

• “toko” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Japanese

Romanization

toko

1. Rōmaji transcription of とこ

Javanese

Romanization

toko

1. Romanization of ꦠꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ.

Laboya

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtoːko]

Noun

toko

1. ridge; ridgepole

References

• Allahverdi Verdizade (2019) “toko”, in Lamboya word list‎^[5], Leiden: LexiRumah

Malay

Etymology

From Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /to.ko/
• Rhymes: -o

Noun

toko (Jawi spelling توکو, plural toko-toko, informal 1st possessive tokoku, 2nd possessive tokomu, 3rd possessive tokonya)

1. (uncommon outside Indonesia) retailer; shop selling retail merchandise
   • 2018 February 22, Pg Fairol RMF, “Pesta Buku Brunei 27 Feb ini [Brunei Book Festival on 27th Feb]”, in Media Permata‎^[6], archived from the original on 29 October 2018:

     Dalam sidang media di Balai Laila Muafakat, DBP, petang tadi, Pemangku Pengarah DBP, Hajah Sariani binti Haji Ishak selaku Pengerusi PBB dan KMBM menjelaskan, sebanyak 78 petak disediakan semasa pesta dan karnival berkenaan yang akan disertai oleh DBP, penerbit-penerbit buku kerajaan dan swasta serta toko buku dari dalam dan luar negara.

     In a press conference at Balai Laila Muafakat, DBP (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka), in the afternoon, DBP Acting Director, Hajah Sariani binti Haji Ishak, who is the chairperson of PBB (Pesta Buku Brunei) and KMBM (Karnival Memperkasa Budaya Membaca), explained that as many as 78 lots were available during the book festival and carnival which will be participated by DBP, government and private book publishers, as well as book retailers from within and outside the country.

Hypernyms

• kedai (“shop; store”)

Coordinate terms

• kedai serbaneka (“convenience store”)
• kedai runcit (“grocery store”)
• pasar raya (“supermarket”)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• bertoko [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Descendants

• > Indonesian: toko (inherited)
  • → Tetum: toko
• → Dutch: toko
  • → English: toko
• → Ternate: toko

See also

• warung
• gerai (“store”)
• butik
• pasar
• kios
• peruncitan
• pemborong

References

• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “توکو toko”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 96
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “toko”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 597

Further reading

• “toko” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *toko (compare with Samoan toʻo, Hawaiian koʻo) from Proto-Oceanic *tokon, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təkən (“bamboo punting pole, to press downward”) (compare with Malay tekan, Tagalog tikin).

Noun

toko

1. pole
2. sprit of a canoe's sail
3. beam or ray of light

Verb

toko

1. to prop up
2. to push away
3. to separate, divorce

Related terms

• tokotoko
• kotokoto

Further reading

• Williams, Herbert William (1917) “toko”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 509
• “toko” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

toko

1. (obsolete) past tense plural of taka
   • 1647, “LAnte oster Kraakelund”, in Den fyrste morgonblånen, Oslo: Novus, published 1990, page 39:

     Dei toko mæ qvaet dei finge

     They brought what they got

Peranakan Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

Noun

toko

1. shop; store

Ternate

Etymology

From Indonesian toko, from Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈto.ko]

Noun

toko

1. a store

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tetum

Etymology

From Indonesian toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

Noun

toko

1. shop