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I'm not sure what the justification is for removal of some of this content, all of which is well-sourced to sources directly discussing this in the context of the bill. In addition, your edit includes two quotes (in the first two sentences here) that do not appear in the reference cited.
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===National security concerns===
===National security concerns===
A March 2024 [[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]] (ODNI) report "alleges that TikTok accounts run by a [[propaganda in China|PRC propaganda]] arm reportedly targeted candidates from both political parties" during the midterm [[2022 United States elections]]. [[Avril Haines]], the U.S. Director of National Intelligence, said "we cannot rule out" that China could use TikTok to influence the [[2024 United States elections]]. Lawmakers on the [[House Energy and Commerce Committee]] received a closed-door hearing on this from the ODNI, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] and the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]]. A senator said national security officials described how China can weaponize user data through propaganda and misinformation. Another lawmaker said they have been told that TikTok can spy on users' microphones, keystrokes, and other apps that they use.<ref>[https://www.axios.com/2024/03/21/senators-briefing-tiktok-spy-data-tracking-security Senators get "shocking" look at TikTok's spy], ''Axios'' (March 21, 2024).</ref> Cybersecurity experts have said the national security concerns surrounding the company and app currently remain hypothetical but concerning.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Fung |first=Brian |date=March 12, 2024 |title=TikTok creators fear a ban as the House prepares to vote on a bill that could block the app in America |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/12/tech/us-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314054648/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/12/tech/us-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html |url-status=live |quote=Okamoto, who is Asian-American, also suspects that running beneath the anti-TikTok rhetoric is a strain of fear and racism, echoing many other Asian-Americans who have looked on with growing alarm. Creators interviewed by CNN say they have not personally viewed any content on TikTok that could be described as Chinese propaganda, however. Multiple creators say the House bill that requires TikTok to find a new owner within several months or be prohibited from US app stores creates unrealistic deadlines for the social media company that would almost certainly disrupt the organic communities they’ve built and can’t be easily replicated elsewhere.}}</ref> To date, US officials have not made public any concrete examples to show Chinese government has accessed user data or how TikTok poses a national security threat.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=MalloryCulhane>Mallory Culhane, [https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/11/china-is-using-tiktok-for-influence-campaigns-odni-says-00146336 The Chinese government is using TikTok to meddle in elections, ODNI says], ''Politico'' (March 11, 2024). "To date, there have been no concrete examples publicly provided showing how TikTok poses a national security threat, though lawmakers on the House Energy and Commerce Committee received a closed-door hearing last Thursday from ODNI, the FBI and the Department of Justice."</ref>
A March 2024 [[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]] report concluded that the Chinese government was using Tiktok as part of [[influence operations]] (i.e., [[Chinese information operations and information warfare|Chinese disinformation and propaganda]] campaigns); the report did not cite specific examples, but members of the [[House Energy and Commerce Committee|House Commerce Committee]] were privately briefed by ODNI, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] and the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]].<ref>Mallory Culhane, [https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/11/china-is-using-tiktok-for-influence-campaigns-odni-says-00146336 The Chinese government is using TikTok to meddle in elections, ODNI says], ''Politico'' (March 11, 2024).</ref> U.S. intelligence also cited the possibility that the Chinese government could use the platform as a vector for [[foreign electoral interference|interference in U.S. elections]].<ref>Michael Martina and Patricia Zengerle, [https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-spy-chief-cannot-rule-out-that-china-would-use-tiktok-influence-us-elections-2024-03-12/ US spy chief "cannot rule out" that China would use TikTok to influence US elections], Reuters (March 12, 2024).</ref> After a briefing from U.S. intelligence agencies, one senator told ''[[Axios (website)|Axios]]'' that officials had described China's ability to use TikTok as [[spyware]], collecting user data including through microphone and keystroke tracking, while another senator described being informed of ways that Chinese authorities could weaponized data harvested for propganda.<ref>[https://www.axios.com/2024/03/21/senators-briefing-tiktok-spy-data-tracking-security Senators get "shocking" look at TikTok's spy], ''Axios'' (March 21, 2024).</ref>

ByteDance executives maintain that the company voluntarily "walls off" U.S. users' data (through a project it calls "Project Texas").<ref name=WellsJan302024>Georgia Wells, [https://www.wsj.com/tech/tiktok-pledged-to-protect-u-s-data-1-5-billion-later-its-still-struggling-cbccf203 TikTok Struggles to Protect U.S. Data From Its China Parent], ''Wall Street Journal'' (January 30, 2024).</ref> However, multiple accounts from current and former employees, as well as internal company documents obtained by the media, show that user data is shared with the Chinese parent company, including information such as user emails, birthdates, and [[IP addresses]].<ref name=WellsJan302024/> A former ByteDance employee testified in 2023 that [[Chinese Communist Party]] officials accessed TikTok user data "on a broad scale, and for political purposes" using a designated backdoor (a "god credential") in 2018 to spy on [[2019–2020 Hong Kong protests|Hong Kong pro-democracy activists]].<ref>Brian Fung, [https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/08/tech/tiktok-data-china/index.html Analysis: There is now some public evidence that China viewed TikTok data], CNN (June 8, 2023).</ref> Chinese law (including the [[National Intelligence Law of the People's Republic of China|2017 National Intelligence Law]]) obligates companies to cooperate with the Chinese intelligence and state security apparatus, and under Chinese law, virtually all companies must have a CCP presence embedded in their organization.<ref>Sam Sabin, [https://www.axios.com/2024/03/15/tiktok-ban-security-china-laws China's national security laws are fueling TikTok fears], ''Axios'' (March 15, 2024).</ref>


=== Pro-Palestine hashtags ===
=== Pro-Palestine hashtags ===
In 2023, an apparent spike in pro-Palestine content appeared on TikTok following the [[bombing of the Gaza Strip]] in response to the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|Hamas-led attack on Israel]]. Representative [[Mike Gallagher (American politician)|Mike Gallagher]] (R-WI) decried “rampant pro-Hamas propaganda on the app” in his push for a ban. [[Gallup, Inc.|Gallup]] polling data going back to 2010, however, show that younger Americans, who are more likely to use TikTok, show greater sympathy for Palestine than Israel.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Roscoe |first=Jules |date=November 13, 2023 |title=TikTok Says It's Not the Algorithm, Teens Are Just Pro-Palestine |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxjb8b/tiktok-its-not-the-algorithm-teens-are-just-pro-palestine |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=Vice |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=December 13, 2023 |title=TikTok isn't creating false support for Palestine. It's just reflecting what's already there. |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/23997305/tiktok-palestine-israel-gaza-war |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |language=en}}</ref>
In 2023, an apparent spike in pro-Palestine content appeared on TikTok following the [[bombing of the Gaza Strip]] in response to the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|Hamas-led attack on Israel]]. Representative [[Mike Gallagher (American politician)|Mike Gallagher]] (R-WI) decried "rampant pro-Hamas propaganda on the app" in his push for a ban. This was echoed by senators [[Josh Hawley]] and [[Marco Rubio]].<ref name=":5" /> [[Gallup, Inc.|Gallup]] polling data going back to 2010, however, show that younger Americans, who are more likely to use TikTok, show greater sympathy for Palestine than Israel.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Roscoe |first=Jules |date=November 13, 2023 |title=TikTok Says It's Not the Algorithm, Teens Are Just Pro-Palestine |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxjb8b/tiktok-its-not-the-algorithm-teens-are-just-pro-palestine |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=Vice |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=December 13, 2023 |title=TikTok isn't creating false support for Palestine. It's just reflecting what's already there. |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/23997305/tiktok-palestine-israel-gaza-war |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |language=en}}</ref>


The company also denied intentionally boosting pro-Palestine [[hashtag]]s, saying regions such as the [[Middle East]] and [[Southeast Asia|South East Asia]] account for a significant proportion of its user views and content, and it is easy to [[Cherry picking|cherry pick]] hashtags to fit certain narratives. Some for example may have fewer videos but receive more views, or be much older than newer tags.<ref name=":5" />
The company also denied intentionally boosting pro-Palestine [[hashtag]]s, saying regions such as the [[Middle East]] and [[Southeast Asia|South East Asia]] account for a significant proportion of its user views and content, and it is easy to [[Cherry picking|cherry pick]] hashtags to fit certain narratives. Some for example may have fewer videos but receive more views, or be much older than newer tags.<ref name=":5" />
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== Response ==
== Response ==
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In March 2024, shortly after the House of Representatives vote, a spokesperson for China's Foreign Ministry said the bill was putting the U.S. on "the opposite side of the principle of fair competition and international economic and trade rules."<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last1=Foran |first1=Claire |last2=Fung |first2=Brian |last3=Talbot |first3=Haley |date=March 13, 2024 |title=House passes bill that could ban TikTok despite resistance from Trump |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/13/politics/house-vote-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314074905/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/13/politics/house-vote-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> The [[Internet censorship in China|Chinese government blocks most U.S.-based Web services]], including [[Google]], [[YouTube]], X (formerly [[Twitter]]), [[Instagram]], [[WhatsApp]], and [[Facebook]], and China restricts the export of technology.<ref>Laura He, [https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/14/tech/china-reactions-tiktok-potential-ban-intl-hnk/index.html If the US bans TikTok, China will be getting a taste of its own medicine], CNN (March 14, 2024).</ref> Representatives from the [[Embassy of China, Washington, D.C.]] also met with U.S. congressional staffers to [[lobbying in the United States|lobby]] against the legislation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fuchs |first=Hailey |date=April 17, 2024 |title=Chinese diplomats are quietly meeting with Hill staffers about TikTok |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/17/china-lobbying-tiktok-congress-00152819 |access-date=April 17, 2024 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref>


Former president Donald Trump denounced the bill, claiming that it would give too much power to [[Facebook]] (which he called an "[[enemy of the people]]") and its owner [[Meta Platforms|Meta]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Ruju |first=Manu |title=Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene and Rep. Nancy Mace explain why they voted 'no' on TikTok ban |date=March 13, 2024 |url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2024/03/13/marjorie-taylor-greene-nancy-mace-tiktok-bill-house-trump-cnc-vpx.cnn |access-date=March 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314200751/https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2024/03/13/marjorie-taylor-greene-nancy-mace-tiktok-bill-house-trump-cnc-vpx.cnn |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Matza |first=Max |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Trump says a TikTok ban would only help 'enemy of the people' Facebook |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68538754 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314092033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68538754 |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 15, 2024 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Despite Trump denouncing the bill, many of his political allies still voted in favor of it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=James Bickerton US News |date=March 12, 2024 |title=Multiple republicans set to defy Donald Trump over bill |url=https://www.newsweek.com/republicans-defy-donald-trump-tiktok-bill-1878375 |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[Newsweek]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klar |first=Rebecca |date=March 11, 2024 |title=House plows ahead with TikTok bill despite Trump's opposition |url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/4524949-house-vote-tiktok-ban-trump-opposed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312021512/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/4524949-house-vote-tiktok-ban-trump-opposed/ |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
Before the vote, TikTok had been encouraging users to call representatives with a full screen notification about the upcoming bill, causing many congressional offices to be inundated with calls. This led to backlash from some lawmakers.<ref name=":42" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gelpieryn |first=Aubrey |date=March 8, 2024 |title=TikTok told users to contact their representatives. Lawmakers say what happened next shows why an ownership restructure is necessary. |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/krishnamoorthi-gallagher-tiktok-bill-calls-children/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314155036/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/krishnamoorthi-gallagher-tiktok-bill-calls-children/ |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> During the House debate, various lawmakers claimed that TikTok sent out a pop-up forcing its users to call their representative. In reality it was optional, but that might not have been obvious at first glance from the [[graphical user interface]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Maheshwari |first1=Sapna |last2=McCabe |first2=David |date=March 7, 2024 |title=TikTok Prompts Users to Call Congress to Fight Possible Ban |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/07/business/tiktok-phone-calls-congress.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314200240/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/07/business/tiktok-phone-calls-congress.html |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |work=[[New York Times]] |language=en}}</ref>


Before the vote, TikTok had been encouraging users to call representatives with a full screen notification about the upcoming bill, causing many congressional offices to be inundated with calls.<ref name=":42" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gelpieryn |first=Aubrey |date=March 8, 2024 |title=TikTok told users to contact their representatives. Lawmakers say what happened next shows why an ownership restructure is necessary. |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/krishnamoorthi-gallagher-tiktok-bill-calls-children/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314155036/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/krishnamoorthi-gallagher-tiktok-bill-calls-children/ |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Maheshwari |first1=Sapna |last2=McCabe |first2=David |date=March 7, 2024 |title=TikTok Prompts Users to Call Congress to Fight Possible Ban |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/07/business/tiktok-phone-calls-congress.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314200240/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/07/business/tiktok-phone-calls-congress.html |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |work=[[New York Times]] |language=en}}</ref>
On 11 March 2024, former president [[Donald Trump]] denounced the bill, claiming that it would give too much power to [[Facebook]] (which he called an "[[enemy of the people]]") and its owner [[Meta Platforms|Meta]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Ruju |first=Manu |title=Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene and Rep. Nancy Mace explain why they voted 'no' on TikTok ban |date=March 13, 2024 |url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2024/03/13/marjorie-taylor-greene-nancy-mace-tiktok-bill-house-trump-cnc-vpx.cnn |access-date=March 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314200751/https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2024/03/13/marjorie-taylor-greene-nancy-mace-tiktok-bill-house-trump-cnc-vpx.cnn |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |url-status=live |publisher=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Matza |first=Max |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Trump says a TikTok ban would only help 'enemy of the people' Facebook |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68538754 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314092033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68538754 |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 15, 2024 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Despite Trump denouncing the bill, many of his political allies still voted in favor of it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=James Bickerton US News |date=March 12, 2024 |title=Multiple republicans set to defy Donald Trump over bill |url=https://www.newsweek.com/republicans-defy-donald-trump-tiktok-bill-1878375 |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[Newsweek]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klar |first=Rebecca |date=March 11, 2024 |title=House plows ahead with TikTok bill despite Trump's opposition |url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/4524949-house-vote-tiktok-ban-trump-opposed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312021512/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/4524949-house-vote-tiktok-ban-trump-opposed/ |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |language=en-US}}</ref>


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Shortly after the House of Representatives vote, a spokesperson for China's Foreign Ministry said the bill was putting the U.S. on "the opposite side of the principle of fair competition and international economic and trade rules."<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last1=Foran |first1=Claire |last2=Fung |first2=Brian |last3=Talbot |first3=Haley |date=March 13, 2024 |title=House passes bill that could ban TikTok despite resistance from Trump |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/13/politics/house-vote-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314074905/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/13/politics/house-vote-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> China blocks [[Google]], [[YouTube]], X (formerly [[Twitter]]), [[Instagram]], [[WhatsApp]], and [[Facebook]] for refusing to comply with [[Internet censorship in China|Chinese censorship]] and data collection laws.<ref>Laura He, [https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/14/tech/china-reactions-tiktok-potential-ban-intl-hnk/index.html If the US bans TikTok, China will be getting a taste of its own medicine], CNN (March 14, 2024).</ref> Representatives from the [[Embassy of China, Washington, D.C.|Chinese embassy]] met with U.S. congressional staffers to [[lobbying in the United States|lobby]] against the legislation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fuchs |first=Hailey |date=April 17, 2024 |title=Chinese diplomats are quietly meeting with Hill staffers about TikTok |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/17/china-lobbying-tiktok-congress-00152819 |access-date=April 17, 2024 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref>
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[[North Carolina]] Representative [[Jeff Jackson (politician)|Jeff Jackson]], who had grown a large following on TikTok, voted in favor of the bill,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who voted to ban TikTok? See how your Representative voted in the US House Wednesday |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2024/03/13/who-voted-to-ban-tikttok-in-us-house-of-representatives/72956250007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313233054/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2024/03/13/who-voted-to-ban-tikttok-in-us-house-of-representatives/72956250007/ |archive-date=March 13, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[USA TODAY]] |language=en-US}}</ref> leading to public backlash from users on the app<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Stanton |first1=Andrew |last2=Rouhandeh |first2=Alex J. |date=March 13, 2024 |title=One of Congress' most popular TikTok stars voted for bill that may ban app |url=https://www.newsweek.com/one-congress-most-popular-tiktok-stars-voted-bill-that-may-ban-app-1878845 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314183316/https://www.newsweek.com/one-congress-most-popular-tiktok-stars-voted-bill-that-may-ban-app-1878845 |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[Newsweek]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Vitali |first1=Ali |last2=Richards |first2=Zoë |last3=Santaliz |first3=Kate |date=March 23, 2023 |title=TikTok's most popular House lawmaker talks security, potential ban |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/tiktoks-popular-house-lawmaker-discusses-security-concerns-rcna76245 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925112944/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/tiktoks-popular-house-lawmaker-discusses-security-concerns-rcna76245 |archive-date=September 25, 2023 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> costing him around 200,000 followers.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=March 18, 2024 |title=Rep. Jeff Jackson Loses Followers After TikTok Ban Vote |url=https://time.com/6958140/tiktok-ban-jeff-jackson-vote-apology/ |access-date=March 20, 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |language=en}}</ref> Jackson later released an apology, saying he had genuinely believed "the chance of a ban is practically zero" for financial, political, geopolitical reasons. Additionally, he deleted the original video talking about the bill.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldsberry |first=Jenny |date=March 16, 2024 |title=North Carolina representative apologizes over vote for TikTok ban |url=https://gazette.com/news/wex/north-carolina-representative-apologizes-over-vote-for-tiktok-ban/article_76af67ef-6112-502d-bdb3-bffac918d884.html |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[Colorado Springs Gazette]] |language=en |quote=I just don't think there's any real chance of a ban ... but maybe I got that balance wrong.}}</ref>


⚫
Some TikTok creators mobilized against the legislation.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Fung |first=Brian |date=March 12, 2024 |title=TikTok creators fear a ban as the House prepares to vote on a bill that could block the app in America |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/12/tech/us-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314054648/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/12/tech/us-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> Individuals interviewed by CNN reacted negatively to the bill.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thorbecke |first=Catherine |date=March 16, 2024 |title=Congress may be going after the wrong social network |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/16/tech/congress-privacy-tiktok-meta-social-network/index.html |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> [[North Carolina]] Representative [[Jeff Jackson (politician)|Jeff Jackson]], who had grown a large following on TikTok, voted in favor of the bill,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who voted to ban TikTok? See how your Representative voted in the US House Wednesday |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2024/03/13/who-voted-to-ban-tikttok-in-us-house-of-representatives/72956250007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313233054/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2024/03/13/who-voted-to-ban-tikttok-in-us-house-of-representatives/72956250007/ |archive-date=March 13, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[USA TODAY]] |language=en-US}}</ref> leading to public backlash from users on the app<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Stanton |first1=Andrew |last2=Rouhandeh |first2=Alex J. |date=March 13, 2024 |title=One of Congress' most popular TikTok stars voted for bill that may ban app |url=https://www.newsweek.com/one-congress-most-popular-tiktok-stars-voted-bill-that-may-ban-app-1878845 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314183316/https://www.newsweek.com/one-congress-most-popular-tiktok-stars-voted-bill-that-may-ban-app-1878845 |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[Newsweek]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Vitali |first1=Ali |last2=Richards |first2=Zoë |last3=Santaliz |first3=Kate |date=March 23, 2023 |title=TikTok's most popular House lawmaker talks security, potential ban |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/tiktoks-popular-house-lawmaker-discusses-security-concerns-rcna76245 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925112944/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/tiktoks-popular-house-lawmaker-discusses-security-concerns-rcna76245 |archive-date=September 25, 2023 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> costing him around 200,000 followers.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=March 18, 2024 |title=Rep. Jeff Jackson Loses Followers After TikTok Ban Vote |url=https://time.com/6958140/tiktok-ban-jeff-jackson-vote-apology/ |access-date=March 20, 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |language=en}}</ref> Jackson later released an apology, saying he had genuinely believed "the chance of a ban is practically zero" for financial, political, geopolitical reasons. Additionally, he deleted the original video talking about the bill.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldsberry |first=Jenny |date=March 16, 2024 |title=North Carolina representative apologizes over vote for TikTok ban |url=https://gazette.com/news/wex/north-carolina-representative-apologizes-over-vote-for-tiktok-ban/article_76af67ef-6112-502d-bdb3-bffac918d884.html |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[Colorado Springs Gazette]] |language=en |quote=I just don't think there's any real chance of a ban ... but maybe I got that balance wrong.}}</ref>
Some TikTok creators mobilized against the legislation.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Fung |first=Brian |date=March 12, 2024 |title=TikTok creators fear a ban as the House prepares to vote on a bill that could block the app in America |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/12/tech/us-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314054648/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/12/tech/us-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref>


Some experts and experts called for Congress to pass comprehensive privacy legislation, rather than a bill focused mostly on TikTok.<ref name=Thorbecke>{{Cite web |last=Thorbecke |first=Catherine |date=March 16, 2024 |title=Congress may be going after the wrong social network |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/16/tech/congress-privacy-tiktok-meta-social-network/index.html |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Jameel Jaffer]] of the [[Knight First Amendment Institute]] said Congress can address the problems associated with TikTok "without restricting Americans' access" to it by "passing a comprehensive privacy law" and called the bill a "betrayal" of the First Amendment. [[Evan Greer]] of the digital rights advocacy group [[Fight for the Future]] called for "strong privacy legislation to protect our data from all Big Tech companies" and governments, and described the bill as "unconstitutional and xenophobic [[showboating]]."<ref name=Thorbecke/> Justin Sherman, an adjunct professor at [[Duke University]] and leader of a cyber research consultancy, said that, "Many things can be true at once: TikTok’s ownership by ByteDance should prompt real national security questions, and the US also needs comprehensive privacy and cybersecurity regulations for all companies." He said it is "shameful" that Congress had failed to reach bipartisan consensus on "protecting kids' privacy and other critical privacy and cybersecurity issues while spending so much time talking about TikTok." As lawmakers focused their attention on TikTok, [[Facebook]] began allowing political ads again that questioned the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 US presidential election]] results. Facebook and [[Twitter]] were targeted by [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections]].<ref name=Thorbecke/>
Advocates and experts have called for Congress to pass comprehensive privacy legislation, rather than a bill focused mostly on TikTok.<ref name=Thorbecke>{{Cite web |last=Thorbecke |first=Catherine |date=March 16, 2024 |title=Congress may be going after the wrong social network |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/16/tech/congress-privacy-tiktok-meta-social-network/index.html |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Jameel Jaffer]] of the [[Knight First Amendment Institute]] said Congress can address the problems associated with TikTok "without restricting Americans' access" to it by "passing a comprehensive privacy law" and called the bill a "betrayal" of the First Amendment. [[Evan Greer]] of the digital rights advocacy group [[Fight for the Future]] called for "strong privacy legislation to protect our data from all Big Tech companies" and governments, and described the bill as "unconstitutional and xenophobic [[showboating]]."<ref name=Thorbecke/> Justin Sherman, an adjunct professor at [[Duke University]] and leader of a cyber research consultancy, said that, "Many things can be true at once: TikTok’s ownership by ByteDance should prompt real national security questions, and the US also needs comprehensive privacy and cybersecurity regulations for all companies." He said it is "shameful" that Congress had failed to reach bipartisan consensus on "protecting kids' privacy and other critical privacy and cybersecurity issues while spending so much time talking about TikTok." As lawmakers focused their attention on TikTok, [[Facebook]] began allowing political ads again that questioned the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 US presidential election]] results. Facebook and [[Twitter]] were targeted by [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections]].<ref name=Thorbecke/>


Opponents to the bill theorized that it was passed due to a belief that opposition to the [[United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war|American support for]] [[Israel]] during the ongoing [[Israel–Hamas war]] was generated largely or in part by TikTok.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marcetic |first=Branko |date=March 12, 2024 |title=Banning TikTok Is a Terrible Idea |url=https://jacobin.com/2024/03/tiktok-ban-israel-gaza-free-speech |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315050948/https://jacobin.com/2024/03/tiktok-ban-israel-gaza-free-speech |archive-date=March 15, 2024 |access-date=March 15, 2024 |website=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ingram |first1=David |last2=Tenbarge |first2=Kat |date=November 1, 2023 |title=Critics renew calls for a TikTok ban, claiming anti-Israel bias on the platform |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/tiktok-ban-israel-gaza-palestine-hamas-account-creator-video-rcna122849 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303142341/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/tiktok-ban-israel-gaza-palestine-hamas-account-creator-video-rcna122849 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |access-date=March 15, 2024 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> The [[Jewish Federations of North America]] expressed support for the proposed ban ahead of the House vote, stating that 'social media is a major driver" of [[List of antisemitic incidents in the United States|increased antisemitism]] and that TikTok is the worst offender by far."<Ref>Asaf Elia-Shalev, [https://www.timesofisrael.com/major-us-jewish-group-backs-bipartisan-bill-that-could-see-tiktok-banned/ Major US Jewish group backs bipartisan bill that could see TikTok banned], ''Times of Israel'' (13 March 2024).</ref> Edward Ahmed Mitchell, the national deputy director of the [[Council on American–Islamic Relations|Council on American-Islamic Relations]], said it would be "hypocritical for politicians" to restrict access to TikTok because of people expressing their support for Palestinian human rights on a platform less restrictive of such views, adding that young people have become more sympathetic to the Palestinian people due to getting more information from outside of [[mainstream media]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hale |first=Erin |title=TikTok faces calls for ban amid claims of anti-Israel 'indoctrination' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/10/tiktok-faces-renewed-calls-for-a-ban-amid-pro-hamas-anti-israel-claims |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en}}</ref>
Opponents to the bill theorized that it was passed due to a belief that opposition to the [[United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war|American support for]] [[Israel]] during the ongoing [[Israel–Hamas war]] was generated largely or in part by TikTok.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 13, 2024 |title=Florida congresswoman blames Israel lobby for Democrat vote to ban TikTok |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/usa/florida-congresswoman-blames-israel-lobby-for-democrat-vote-to-ban-tiktok-lbek8s6l |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315012026/https://www.thejc.com/news/usa/florida-congresswoman-blames-israel-lobby-for-democrat-vote-to-ban-tiktok-lbek8s6l |archive-date=March 15, 2024 |access-date=March 15, 2024 |website=[[The Jewish Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marcetic |first=Branko |date=March 12, 2024 |title=Banning TikTok Is a Terrible Idea |url=https://jacobin.com/2024/03/tiktok-ban-israel-gaza-free-speech |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315050948/https://jacobin.com/2024/03/tiktok-ban-israel-gaza-free-speech |archive-date=March 15, 2024 |access-date=March 15, 2024 |website=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ingram |first1=David |last2=Tenbarge |first2=Kat |date=November 1, 2023 |title=Critics renew calls for a TikTok ban, claiming anti-Israel bias on the platform |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/tiktok-ban-israel-gaza-palestine-hamas-account-creator-video-rcna122849 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303142341/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/tiktok-ban-israel-gaza-palestine-hamas-account-creator-video-rcna122849 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |access-date=March 15, 2024 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> The [[Jewish Federations of North America]] expressed support for the proposed ban ahead of the House vote, stating that "social media is a major driver" of increased [[antisemitism in the United States]] and that "TikTok is the worst offender by far."<Ref>Asaf Elia-Shalev, [https://www.timesofisrael.com/major-us-jewish-group-backs-bipartisan-bill-that-could-see-tiktok-banned/ Major US Jewish group backs bipartisan bill that could see TikTok banned], ''Times of Israel'' (13 March 2024).</ref> Critics, however, objected to the criminalisation of pro-Palestinian voices on social media, where TikTok has been used to expose and condemn Israel's atrocities.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 March 2024 |title=US pro-Israel Jewish group backs ban on 'antisemitic' TikTok |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/us-pro-israel-jewish-group-backs-ban-antisemitic-tiktok |work=[[The New Arab]] |language=en |quote=Critics say supporters of Israel are weaponising antisemitism to defend Israel's war on Gaza and the criminalisation of pro-Palestinian voices, including on social media. TikTok has been an important tool for activists and users to expose the genocide in Gaza and condemn Israel's atrocities.}}</ref> Edward Ahmed Mitchell, the national deputy director of the [[Council on American–Islamic Relations|Council on American-Islamic Relations]], said it would be "hypocritical for politicians" to restrict access to TikTok because of people expressing their support for Palestinian human rights on a platform less restrictive of such views, adding that young people have become more sympathetic to the Palestinian people due to getting more information from outside of [[mainstream media]].<ref name=HaleErin>{{Cite web |last=Hale |first=Erin |title=TikTok faces calls for ban amid claims of anti-Israel 'indoctrination' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/10/tiktok-faces-renewed-calls-for-a-ban-amid-pro-hamas-anti-israel-claims |access-date=March 17, 2024 |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 21:54, 19 April 2024

Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act
Great Seal of the United States
Long titleAn Act to protect the national security of the United States from the threat posed by foreign adversary controlled applications, such as TikTok and any successor application or service and any other application or service developed or provided by ByteDance Ltd. or an entity under the control of ByteDance Ltd.
Announced inthe 118th United States Congress
Legislative history

The Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (PAFACA)[1] is a proposed bill in the United States Congress. Introduced by representatives Mike Gallagher and Raja Krishnamoorthi, the bill would make it illegal to distribute, maintain, or update (or enable the distribution, maintenance, or updating of) social media applications designated as being controlled by United States foreign adversaries, unless exempted under a qualified divestiture as determined by the president of the United States.

The bill explicitly targets Chinese internet technology company ByteDance and its video platform TikTok, and also provides for other large social media applications to be targeted under the bill if they are deemed by the U.S. president to pose a threat to national security. It was passed by the House of Representatives on March 13, 2024.

Background

Main articles: Donald Trump–TikTok controversy, RESTRICT Act, and Restrictions on TikTok in the United States

Owned by the China-based company ByteDance, TikTok has experienced a meteoric rise, including in the United States where it has more than 150 million monthly users. It has come under threat since 2020, with American national security officials and lawmakers warning that ByteDance's ties to China poses national security risks and the Chinese government could access TikTok data to spy on Americans. Previous efforts to ban the app have stalled in the past.[2][3]

National security concerns

A March 2024 Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) report "alleges that TikTok accounts run by a PRC propaganda arm reportedly targeted candidates from both political parties" during the midterm 2022 United States elections. Avril Haines, the U.S. Director of National Intelligence, said "we cannot rule out" that China could use TikTok to influence the 2024 United States elections. Lawmakers on the House Energy and Commerce Committee received a closed-door hearing on this from the ODNI, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Department of Justice. A senator said national security officials described how China can weaponize user data through propaganda and misinformation. Another lawmaker said they have been told that TikTok can spy on users' microphones, keystrokes, and other apps that they use.[4] Cybersecurity experts have said the national security concerns surrounding the company and app currently remain hypothetical but concerning.[5] To date, US officials have not made public any concrete examples to show Chinese government has accessed user data or how TikTok poses a national security threat.[5][6]

Pro-Palestine hashtags

In 2023, an apparent spike in pro-Palestine content appeared on TikTok following the bombing of the Gaza Strip in response to the Hamas-led attack on Israel. Representative Mike Gallagher (R-WI) decried "rampant pro-Hamas propaganda on the app" in his push for a ban. This was echoed by senators Josh Hawley and Marco Rubio.[7] Gallup polling data going back to 2010, however, show that younger Americans, who are more likely to use TikTok, show greater sympathy for Palestine than Israel.[7][8]

The company also denied intentionally boosting pro-Palestine hashtags, saying regions such as the Middle East and South East Asia account for a significant proportion of its user views and content, and it is easy to cherry pick hashtags to fit certain narratives. Some for example may have fewer videos but receive more views, or be much older than newer tags.[7]

Provisions

The act applies to companies designated as a provider of "foreign adversary-controlled applications"; that phrase is defined as "a website, desktop application, mobile application, or augmented or immersive technology application that is operated, directly or indirectly, by" an entity controlled by a foreign adversary. The Act explicitly designates ByteDance, Ltd. or its subsidiaries and successors as a provider of "foreign adversary-controlled applications",[2][9][10] and allows for the President of the United States to issue orders designating other companies as providers of "foreign adversary-controlled applications" if they:

The Act prohibits the distribution, maintenance, or updating of "foreign adversary-controlled applications", including the facilitation of services (such as hosting) that enable such activities. This includes disseminating the applications on an online marketplace such as an app store. This effectively bans affected services from the U.S. market.[10][2][9]

Restrictions under the Act take effect 180 days after a designation is issued, during which time the application must provide the ability for users to export their data from the service. The Act no longer applies if the application is divested in such a way as to no longer be controlled by a foreign adversary, as determined by the president of the United States through an interagency process.[10]

Legislative history

House of Representatives

On March 13, 2024, the act was passed by the House of Representatives.[3] The House vote was 352 to 65, with 50 Democrats and 15 Republicans voting against the bill.[11]

Senate

Senator Rand Paul suggested that he would oppose the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act and could hold the bill, a measure he implemented to prevent the No TikTok on Government Devices Act from proceeding.[12]

Response

Before the vote, TikTok had been encouraging users to call representatives with a full screen notification about the upcoming bill, causing many congressional offices to be inundated with calls. This led to backlash from some lawmakers.[13][14] During the House debate, various lawmakers claimed that TikTok sent out a pop-up forcing its users to call their representative. In reality it was optional, but that might not have been obvious at first glance from the graphical user interface.[15]

On 11 March 2024, former president Donald Trump denounced the bill, claiming that it would give too much power to Facebook (which he called an "enemy of the people") and its owner Meta.[16][17] Despite Trump denouncing the bill, many of his political allies still voted in favor of it.[18][19]

Shortly after the House of Representatives vote, a spokesperson for China's Foreign Ministry said the bill was putting the U.S. on "the opposite side of the principle of fair competition and international economic and trade rules."[13] China blocks Google, YouTube, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, WhatsApp, and Facebook for refusing to comply with Chinese censorship and data collection laws.[20] Representatives from the Chinese embassy met with U.S. congressional staffers to lobby against the legislation.[21]

Some TikTok creators mobilized against the legislation.[22] Individuals interviewed by CNN reacted negatively to the bill.[5][23] North Carolina Representative Jeff Jackson, who had grown a large following on TikTok, voted in favor of the bill,[24] leading to public backlash from users on the app[25][26] costing him around 200,000 followers.[27] Jackson later released an apology, saying he had genuinely believed "the chance of a ban is practically zero" for financial, political, geopolitical reasons. Additionally, he deleted the original video talking about the bill.[28]

Advocates and experts have called for Congress to pass comprehensive privacy legislation, rather than a bill focused mostly on TikTok.[29] Jameel Jaffer of the Knight First Amendment Institute said Congress can address the problems associated with TikTok "without restricting Americans' access" to it by "passing a comprehensive privacy law" and called the bill a "betrayal" of the First Amendment. Evan Greer of the digital rights advocacy group Fight for the Future called for "strong privacy legislation to protect our data from all Big Tech companies" and governments, and described the bill as "unconstitutional and xenophobic showboating."[29] Justin Sherman, an adjunct professor at Duke University and leader of a cyber research consultancy, said that, "Many things can be true at once: TikTok’s ownership by ByteDance should prompt real national security questions, and the US also needs comprehensive privacy and cybersecurity regulations for all companies." He said it is "shameful" that Congress had failed to reach bipartisan consensus on "protecting kids' privacy and other critical privacy and cybersecurity issues while spending so much time talking about TikTok." As lawmakers focused their attention on TikTok, Facebook began allowing political ads again that questioned the 2020 US presidential election results. Facebook and Twitter were targeted by Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.[29]

Opponents to the bill theorized that it was passed due to a belief that opposition to the American support for Israel during the ongoing Israel–Hamas war was generated largely or in part by TikTok.[30][31][32] The Jewish Federations of North America expressed support for the proposed ban ahead of the House vote, stating that "social media is a major driver" of increased antisemitism in the United States and that "TikTok is the worst offender by far."[33] Critics, however, objected to the criminalisation of pro-Palestinian voices on social media, where TikTok has been used to expose and condemn Israel's atrocities.[34] Edward Ahmed Mitchell, the national deputy director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, said it would be "hypocritical for politicians" to restrict access to TikTok because of people expressing their support for Palestinian human rights on a platform less restrictive of such views, adding that young people have become more sympathetic to the Palestinian people due to getting more information from outside of mainstream media.[35]

References

  1. ^ Roose, Kevin; Newton, Casey (March 15, 2024). "A Looming TikTok Ban, A Royal Photoshop Mystery, and Your Snitching Car". New York Times. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "A bill that could lead to a TikTok ban is gaining momentum in Congress. Here's what to know". CBS News. March 7, 2024. Archived from the original on March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
  3. ^ a b Maheshwari, Supna; McCabe, David; Karni, Annie (March 13, 2024). "House Passes Bill to Force TikTok Sale From Chinese Owner or Ban the App". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
  4. ^ Senators get "shocking" look at TikTok's spy, Axios (March 21, 2024).
  5. ^ a b c Fung, Brian (March 12, 2024). "TikTok creators fear a ban as the House prepares to vote on a bill that could block the app in America". CNN. Archived from the original on March 14, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024. Okamoto, who is Asian-American, also suspects that running beneath the anti-TikTok rhetoric is a strain of fear and racism, echoing many other Asian-Americans who have looked on with growing alarm. Creators interviewed by CNN say they have not personally viewed any content on TikTok that could be described as Chinese propaganda, however. Multiple creators say the House bill that requires TikTok to find a new owner within several months or be prohibited from US app stores creates unrealistic deadlines for the social media company that would almost certainly disrupt the organic communities they've built and can't be easily replicated elsewhere.
  6. ^ Mallory Culhane, The Chinese government is using TikTok to meddle in elections, ODNI says, Politico (March 11, 2024). "To date, there have been no concrete examples publicly provided showing how TikTok poses a national security threat, though lawmakers on the House Energy and Commerce Committee received a closed-door hearing last Thursday from ODNI, the FBI and the Department of Justice."
  7. ^ a b c Roscoe, Jules (November 13, 2023). "TikTok Says It's Not the Algorithm, Teens Are Just Pro-Palestine". Vice. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  8. ^ Jennings, Rebecca (December 13, 2023). "TikTok isn't creating false support for Palestine. It's just reflecting what's already there". Vox. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  9. ^ a b Karni, Annie; Swan, Jonathan (March 11, 2024). "House to Move Ahead With Bill Targeting TikTok as Trump Flips to Oppose It". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d "H.R.7521 – Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act". Congress.gov. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
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