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{{LDS Temple/Washington D.C. Temple|format=Infobox LDS Temple}}
{{LDS Temple/Washington D.C. Temple|format=Infobox LDS Temple}}


The '''Washington D.C. Temple''' (formerly the '''Washington Temple''') is the 18th constructed and 16th operating [[Temple (LDS Church)|temple]] of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church). It is located in [[Kensington, Maryland]], United States, just north of [[Washington, D.C.]], near the [[Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)|Capital Beltway]]. The temple was dedicated in 1974 after an open house that attracted over 750,000 people, including several international dignitaries. The temple was the first temple built by the church east of the [[Mississippi River]] since 1846, when the original [[Nauvoo Temple]] was dedicated.
The '''Washington D.C. Temple''' (known as the '''Washington Temple''' until 1999) is the 18th constructed and 16th operating [[Temple (LDS Church)|temple]] of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]. It is located in [[Kensington, Maryland]], United States, just north of [[Washington, D.C.]], near the [[Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)|Capital Beltway]]. The intent to build the temple was announced on November 15, 1968, by church president David O. McKay. Key milestones in its history include the groundbreaking ceremony held on December 7, 1968, and the dedication event, which was conducted by Spencer W. Kimball on November 9, 1974. The temple was dedicated after an open house that attracted over 750,000 people, including several international dignitaries. The temple was the first temple built by the church east of the [[Mississippi River]] since 1846, when the original [[Nauvoo Temple]] was dedicated.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Washington D.C. Temple {{!}} Church News Almanac |url=https://www.thechurchnews.com/almanac/temples/washington-dc/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Church News |language=en}}</ref>


Built at a cost of about $15 million in 1968, the temple is the church's tallest; its easternmost spire is {{convert|288|ft|m}} tall. Its floor area of {{convert|160000|sqft|m2}} is the third-largest among church temples. Its design emulates the [[Salt Lake Temple]] with six spires, three on each end, and the building is encased in white [[Sylacauga marble|Alabama marble]].
The Washington D.C. Temple is known for its six gold-tipped spires and 18-ft tall gold statue of the angel Moroni.<ref name=":1" /> Built at a cost of about $15 million in 1968, the temple is the church's tallest; its easternmost spire is {{convert|288|ft|m}} tall. Its floor area of {{convert|160000|sqft|m2}} is the third-largest among church temples. This temple was designed by Keith W. Wilcox, Fred L. Markham, Henry P. Fetzer, and Harold K. Beecher, under the direction of Emil B. Fetzer.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Remarkable Story behind the Architecture of the Washington DC Temple |url=https://latterdaysaintmag.com/the-remarkable-story-behind-the-architecture-of-the-washington-dc-temple/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=LDS Magazine}}</ref> Its design emulates the [[Salt Lake Temple]] with six spires, three on each end, and the building is encased in white [[Sylacauga marble|Alabama marble]].

The temple was closed in 2018 for renovations, and a rededication ceremony was conducted by Russell M. Nelson on August 14, 2022.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Washdctemplehighsmithabove17320u.jpg|thumb|left|The temple and its surroundings]]
[[File:Washdctemplehighsmithabove17320u.jpg|thumb|left|The temple and its surroundings]]
Plans to build the temple were announced on November 15, 1968, with a groundbreaking ceremony held on December 7.<ref name=lds>{{cite web |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/temples/list?lang=eng |title=Washington DC Info |year=2011 |work=churchofjesuschrist.org |publisher=LDS Church |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> Clearing of the land started May 28, 1971. The site chosen for the temple was a {{convert|57|acre|ha|adj=on}} wooded hill purchased in 1962 just north of the Capital Beltway.<ref name=temples74>{{cite news |magazine=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=August 1974 |title=Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1974/08/temples-of-the-church-of-jesus-christ-of-latter-day-saints?lang=eng |publisher=LDS Church |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> Only {{convert|11|acre|ha}} of the site was cleared to give the area a more remote feeling. It was completed and dedicated in 1974. It was the Church's first U.S. temple built east of the Mississippi River since 1846 and remained the church's only temple in eastern North America until the dedication of the [[Atlanta Georgia Temple]] in 1983.<ref name=mormontemples>{{cite web |url=http://mormontemples.com/54/washington-dc-mormon_temple |title=Washington DC Mormon Temple |date=June 11, 2008 |work=mormontemples.com |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>
Plans to build the temple were announced on November 15, 1968, with a groundbreaking ceremony held on December 7.<ref name=lds>{{cite web |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/temples/list?lang=eng |title=Washington DC Info |year=2011 |work=churchofjesuschrist.org |publisher=LDS Church |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> Clearing of the land started May 28, 1971. The site chosen for the temple was a {{convert|57|acre|ha|adj=on}} wooded hill purchased in 1962 just north of the Capital Beltway.<ref name=temples74>{{cite news |magazine=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=August 1974 |title=Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1974/08/temples-of-the-church-of-jesus-christ-of-latter-day-saints?lang=eng |publisher=LDS Church |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> This site was selected in part due to its longstanding role in the history of America. For example, one of the first owners of the site was John Carroll, who was the first Catholic bishop in the United States and also spent two decades of his life in public service, during which time he served in the First Continental Congress and as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-18 |title=Why the Washington D.C. Temple site was ‘meant to be’ |url=https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/3/20/22981180/the-washington-d-c-temple-sites-history-is-as-american-as-the-capital-city-itself-lds-temple/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, many of the sites which are important to early church history, such as Nauvoo, Palmyra, and Kirtland, are within the original Washington D.C. Temple district.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |url=https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/multimedia/file/english-dc-press-kit-2022.pdf |title=Washington D.C. Temple Renovation Fact Sheet |publisher=Church News}}</ref>

Only {{convert|11|acre|ha}} of the site was cleared to give the area a more remote feeling. It was completed and dedicated in 1974. It was the Church's first U.S. temple built east of the Mississippi River since 1846 and remained the church's only temple in eastern North America until the dedication of the [[Atlanta Georgia Temple]] in 1983.<ref name="mormontemples">{{cite web |url=http://mormontemples.com/54/washington-dc-mormon_temple |title=Washington DC Mormon Temple |date=June 11, 2008 |work=mormontemples.com |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>

The groundbreaking ceremony, a pivotal moment in the temple's history, took place on December 7, 1968, marking the commencement of construction. This ceremony was presided over by Hugh B. Brown and attended by local church members and community leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=1974 revisited: 25 noteworthy events and elements tied to the Washington Temple dedication |url=https://www.thechurchnews.com/2022/7/24/23278577/1974-revisited-25-noteworthy-events-and-elements-tied-to-the-washington-temple-dedication/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Church News |language=en}}</ref>


At the time of the temple's completion, it served all Latter-day Saint members in 31 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, seven Canadian provinces, Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, the Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic.<ref name=district>{{cite news |magazine=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=August 1974 |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1974/08/the-washington-temple-district?lang=eng |title=The Washington Temple District |publisher=LDS Church |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> Original cost estimates for the temple were about $15 million. Members of the church within the temple's attendance district were asked to contribute at least $4.5 million. Eventually, local members donated around $6 million for the temple's construction.<ref name=mormontemples/>
At the time of the temple's completion, it served all Latter-day Saint members in 31 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, seven Canadian provinces, Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, the Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic.<ref name=district>{{cite news |magazine=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=August 1974 |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1974/08/the-washington-temple-district?lang=eng |title=The Washington Temple District |publisher=LDS Church |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> Original cost estimates for the temple were about $15 million. Members of the church within the temple's attendance district were asked to contribute at least $4.5 million. Eventually, local members donated around $6 million for the temple's construction.<ref name=mormontemples/>
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During a 5.8 magnitude [[2011 Virginia earthquake|earthquake]] on August 23, 2011, the temple sustained minor damage to some parts of the exterior. The tops of four spires were knocked off and fell to the ground, as did several pieces of marble from the building's facade. No significant damage was reported to the temple's interior or to the neighboring visitors' center. Repairs were made beginning in September of that year and no disruptions occurred in its normal operating schedule.<ref>{{cite news |title=East Coast quake damages people's nerves and temple spires |url=http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=16937670 |publisher=[[KSL-TV]] |date=August 23, 2011 |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mormon temple in Kensington to undergo repairs after earthquake |url=http://www.gazette.net/article/20110908/NEWS/709089821/1022/mormon-temple-in-kensington-to-undergo-repairs-after-earthquake&template=gazette |work=Gazette.net |date=September 8, 2011 |author=Ruoff, Alex |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>
During a 5.8 magnitude [[2011 Virginia earthquake|earthquake]] on August 23, 2011, the temple sustained minor damage to some parts of the exterior. The tops of four spires were knocked off and fell to the ground, as did several pieces of marble from the building's facade. No significant damage was reported to the temple's interior or to the neighboring visitors' center. Repairs were made beginning in September of that year and no disruptions occurred in its normal operating schedule.<ref>{{cite news |title=East Coast quake damages people's nerves and temple spires |url=http://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=16937670 |publisher=[[KSL-TV]] |date=August 23, 2011 |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mormon temple in Kensington to undergo repairs after earthquake |url=http://www.gazette.net/article/20110908/NEWS/709089821/1022/mormon-temple-in-kensington-to-undergo-repairs-after-earthquake&template=gazette |work=Gazette.net |date=September 8, 2011 |author=Ruoff, Alex |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>


The temple closed in March 2018 for renovations to upgrade the mechanical systems and update finishes and furnishings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-18 |title=See what 2 apostles told dozens of journalists about the importance of the renovated Washington D.C. Temple |url=https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/4/18/23029779/latter-day-saint-apostles-tell-journalists-why-washington-d-c-temple-is-important |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref> The renovations were anticipated to be completed in 2020 and the adjacent visitor center was scheduled to be operational throughout the renovation.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/oakland-california-washington-dc-temples-close-renovation |title= Oakland California and Washington D.C. Temples to Close for Renovation |work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date=February 23, 2017 |access-date=May 14, 2017}}</ref> In February 2020, the church announced that with renovations nearing completion, a public open house would be held from September 24 through October 31, 2020, with the temple scheduled for rededication on Sunday, December 13, 2020.<ref>{{citation |url= https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/washington-d-c-temple-open-house-rededication-dates |title= Washington D.C. Temple Open House and Rededication Dates Announced: Temple to be re-opened after more than two years of renovation |work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date= 2020-02-27 }}</ref> However, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic|coronavirus pandemic]], the church announced on June 17, 2020, that the open house and rededication dates would be postponed until large public gatherings are determined to be safe.<ref name="DCDelay" >[https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/washington-d-c-temple-open-house-rededication-dates Washington D.C. Temple Open House and Rededication Dates Postponed], ''Newsroom'', churchofjesuschrist.org, 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.</ref> On July 20, 2021, the church announced the open house would be scheduled for April 28 through June 4, 2022, with the temple scheduled for rededication on Sunday, June 19, 2022.<ref>{{citation |url= https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/washington-dc-temple-open-house-rededication-2022 |title= The Washington D.C. Temple Open House and Rededication Will Take Place in 2022 |work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date= 2021-07-20 }}</ref> However, on January 28, 2022, the church announced that the duration of the open house tours would be extended as needed,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=Diverse group of thousands of invited guests already touring Washington D.C. Temple as open house nears |url=https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/4/19/23032161/washington-d-c-temple-draws-people-of-diverse-faiths-as-it-opens-for-first-time-since-1974 |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref> with the rededication pushed back to August 14, 2022.<ref>{{citation |url= https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/washington-dc-temple-rededication-date-change |title= The First Presidency Extends the Open House for the Washington D.C. Temple: The temple rededication will now take place on August 14, 2022 |work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date= 2022-01-28 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=EP 579 - Holy Fetch, the Washington D.C. Temple Open House Is Actually Happening |url=http://www.thisweekinmormons.com/2022/04/episode-579-holy-fetch-the-washington-d-c-temple-open-house-is-actually-happening/ |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=This Week in Mormons |language=en-US}}</ref> The church put up banners in the city to promote the event and recorded a virtual tour, led by [[Gary E. Stevenson]] and [[Dale G. Renlund]], who serve as members of the [[Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)|Quorum of the Twelve Apostles]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Watch a virtual tour of the Washington D.C. Temple led by two Latter-day Saint apostles |url=https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/5/11/23066908/watch-a-virtual-tour-of-the-washington-d-c-temple-led-by-two-latter-day-saint-apostles |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref>
On February 23, 2017, it was announced that the temple would close for renovations to upgrade the mechanical systems and update finishes and furnishings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-18 |title=See what 2 apostles told dozens of journalists about the importance of the renovated Washington D.C. Temple |url=https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/4/18/23029779/latter-day-saint-apostles-tell-journalists-why-washington-d-c-temple-is-important |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref> The temple closed in March 2018.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Elwood |first=Karina |date=2022-04-25 |title=What to expect when the Mormons’ D.C. temple opens to the public |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/2022/04/19/maryland-mormons-lds-temple-preview/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |work=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> The renovations were anticipated to be completed in 2020 and the adjacent visitor center was scheduled to be operational throughout the renovation.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/oakland-california-washington-dc-temples-close-renovation |title= Oakland California and Washington D.C. Temples to Close for Renovation |work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date=February 23, 2017 |access-date=May 14, 2017}}</ref> In February 2020, the church announced that with renovations nearing completion, a public open house would be held from September 24 through October 31, 2020, with the temple scheduled for rededication on Sunday, December 13, 2020.<ref>{{citation |url= https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/washington-d-c-temple-open-house-rededication-dates |title= Washington D.C. Temple Open House and Rededication Dates Announced: Temple to be re-opened after more than two years of renovation |work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date= 2020-02-27 }}</ref> However, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic|coronavirus pandemic]], the church announced on June 17, 2020, that the open house and rededication dates would be postponed until large public gatherings are determined to be safe.<ref name="DCDelay" >[https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/washington-d-c-temple-open-house-rededication-dates Washington D.C. Temple Open House and Rededication Dates Postponed], ''Newsroom'', churchofjesuschrist.org, 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.</ref> On July 20, 2021, the church announced the open house would be scheduled for April 28 through June 4, 2022, with the temple scheduled for rededication on Sunday, June 19, 2022.<ref>{{citation |url= https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/washington-dc-temple-open-house-rededication-2022 |title= The Washington D.C. Temple Open House and Rededication Will Take Place in 2022 |work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date= 2021-07-20 }}</ref> However, on January 28, 2022, the church announced that the duration of the open house tours would be extended as needed,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=Diverse group of thousands of invited guests already touring Washington D.C. Temple as open house nears |url=https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/4/19/23032161/washington-d-c-temple-draws-people-of-diverse-faiths-as-it-opens-for-first-time-since-1974 |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref> with the rededication pushed back to August 14, 2022.<ref>{{citation |url= https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/washington-dc-temple-rededication-date-change |title= The First Presidency Extends the Open House for the Washington D.C. Temple: The temple rededication will now take place on August 14, 2022 |work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date= 2022-01-28 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=EP 579 - Holy Fetch, the Washington D.C. Temple Open House Is Actually Happening |url=http://www.thisweekinmormons.com/2022/04/episode-579-holy-fetch-the-washington-d-c-temple-open-house-is-actually-happening/ |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=This Week in Mormons |language=en-US}}</ref> The church put up banners in the city to promote the event and recorded a virtual tour, led by [[Gary E. Stevenson]] and [[Dale G. Renlund]], who serve as members of the [[Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)|Quorum of the Twelve Apostles]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Watch a virtual tour of the Washington D.C. Temple led by two Latter-day Saint apostles |url=https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/5/11/23066908/watch-a-virtual-tour-of-the-washington-d-c-temple-led-by-two-latter-day-saint-apostles |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref> During the open house, over 250,000 people visited the temple.<ref name=":1" />


The temple was rededicated by Russell M. Nelson in three sessions on August 14, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Washington D.C. Temple {{!}} ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org |url=https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/washington-d.c.-temple/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}}</ref> The temple served 38 stakes in Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, and West Virginia at the time of its rededication.<ref name=":1" />
===Presidents===
Notable [[temple president|presidents]] of the temple include [[Franklin D. Richards (Mormon seventy)|Franklin D. Richards]] (1983–1986), [[David S. King]] (1990–1993), and [[F. Melvin Hammond]] (2005–2008).


==Design and architecture==
==Architecture==
[[File:Model of the Interior of the WashingtonDC LDS Temple.jpeg|250px|thumb|left|Model of the temple's interior]]
[[File:Model of the Interior of the WashingtonDC LDS Temple.jpeg|250px|thumb|left|Model of the temple's interior]]
Designed by architects Fred L. Markham, Harold K. Beecher, Henry P. Fetzer and Keith Wilcox, the Washington D.C. Temple was built with a modern six-spire design based on the design of the [[Salt Lake Temple]], with the three towers to the east representing the [[Melchizedek priesthood (Latter Day Saints)|Melchizedek priesthood]], and the three towers to the west representing the [[Aaronic priesthood (Latter Day Saints)|Aaronic priesthood]]. The temple was designed to be similar in style and form to the Salt Lake Temple so that it would be easily recognized as a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.<ref name=whybuild>{{cite news |magazine=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=August 1974 |title=To Build a Temple |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1974/08/to-build-a-temple?lang=eng |publisher=LDS Church |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> The central eastern tower reaches a height of {{convert|288|ft|m}}, the tallest of any of the church's temples. The temple has a total floor area of {{convert|160000|sqft|m2}}, making it the church's third-largest. The temple includes six [[ordinance room]]s and fourteen [[sealing room]]s. The Washington D.C. Temple's [[angel Moroni]] statue, which sits atop the tallest tower, is {{convert|18|ft|m}} tall and weighs 2 tons.<ref name=mormontemples/> The outer walls are covered in white Alabama marble and the spires are coated in 24-[[Carat (purity)|carat]] gold.<ref name=whybuild/> There are two large stained glass windows on the eastern and westernmost spires. Although there appear to be no other windows, the marble was shaved to {{convert|0.625|in|cm}} thick over window openings, thin enough to be translucent.<ref name=ensign77>{{cite news |magazine=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=October 1977 |title=The Washington D.C. Temple |author=England, Kathy |publisher=LDS Church |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1977/10/the-washington-dc-temple?lang=eng |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>
The Washington D.C. Temple showcases a distinctive architectural style, blending elements of mid-century modern architecture with traditional LDS temple design'''.'''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=What the Church did to restore, refurbish the Washington D.C. Temple and why it matters |url=https://www.thechurchnews.com/2022/4/20/23217733/what-the-church-did-to-restore-refurbish-the-washington-d-c-temple-and-why-it-matters/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Church News |language=en}}</ref> Designed by architects Fred L. Markham, Harold K. Beecher, Henry P. Fetzer and Keith Wilcox, the Washington D.C. Temple was built with a modern six-spire design based on the design of the [[Salt Lake Temple]], with the three towers to the east representing the [[Melchizedek priesthood (Latter Day Saints)|Melchizedek priesthood]], and the three towers to the west representing the [[Aaronic priesthood (Latter Day Saints)|Aaronic priesthood]]. The temple was designed to be similar in style and form to the Salt Lake Temple so that it would be easily recognized as a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.<ref name=whybuild>{{cite news |magazine=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=August 1974 |title=To Build a Temple |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1974/08/to-build-a-temple?lang=eng |publisher=LDS Church |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> The Washington D.C. Temple includes some elements of Gothic architecture, linking it with the Salt Lake Temple, but aspects of mid-century modern architecture were also incorporated to ensure that the temple was visually different from previous LDS temples.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
The central eastern tower reaches a height of {{convert|288|ft|m}}, the tallest of any of the church's temples. The temple has a total floor area of {{convert|160000|sqft|m2}}, making it the church's third-largest. The temple includes six [[ordinance room]]s and fourteen [[sealing room]]s.<ref name=":1" /> One of the focal points of the Washington D.C. Temple is its baptistry, which is designed to create a spiritually uplifting atmosphere.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-17 |title=Inside the Latter-day Saints' Washington, D.C. temple - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/inside-the-church-of-jesus-christ-of-latter-day-saints-washington-d-c-temple/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The Washington D.C. Temple's [[angel Moroni]] statue, which sits atop the tallest tower, is {{convert|18|ft|m}} tall and weighs 2 tons.<ref name="mormontemples" /> The outer walls are covered in white Alabama marble and the spires are coated in 24-[[Carat (purity)|carat]] gold.<ref name="whybuild" /> There are two large stained glass windows on the eastern and westernmost spires. Although there appear to be no other windows, the marble was shaved to {{convert|0.625|in|cm}} thick over window openings, thin enough to be translucent.<ref name="ensign77">{{cite news |magazine=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=October 1977 |title=The Washington D.C. Temple |author=England, Kathy |publisher=LDS Church |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1977/10/the-washington-dc-temple?lang=eng |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>

Incorporated into the design are symbolic elements representing core tenets of the LDS faith, which provide deeper spiritual meaning to the temple's appearance and function. Symbolism is an important subject to members of the LDS Church. The bridge between the entry room and the temple represents leaving the world behind to enter the holy house of the lord.<ref name=":6" /> The verticality of the temple itself, alongside the interior use of Gothic arches, symbolizes one’s journey on earth and eventual ascension to the kingdom of God, a journey which culminates in the celestial room.<ref name=":4" /> The bright, even light throughout the temple represents the light of God.<ref name=":5" /> Additionally, the doors to the temple “feature medallions with seven different symbols: a star, a planet, concentric circles representing eternity, the sun (complete with a face like the Nauvoo sunstone), the earth, seven concentric pentagons representing seven dispensations, and the moon.”<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-20 |title=Why There Are Sun, Moon, and Star Symbols on Temples (+Their Deeper Meaning) |url=https://www.ldsliving.com/why-there-are-sun-moon-and-star-symbols-on-temples-their-deeper-meaning/s/84269 |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=LDS Living |language=en}}</ref>The interior of the temple also features a stained-glass depiction of the tree of life, which is a symbol of Jesus Christ found in the Book of Mormon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Washington D.C. Temple: Renderings released, open house dates announced |url=https://www.deseret.com/faith/2020/2/27/21153536/washington-dc-mormon-temple-lds-open-house-renderings/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref>

The temple sits on a 52-acre site. Only 11 acres of the site were developed, leaving the majority of the site unlandscaped in order to physically and visually separate the temple from the surrounding area. The landscaped areas feature gardens, walks, fountains, and a reflecting pool.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

== Renovations ==
Over the years, the Washington D.C. Temple has undergone several renovations to preserve its structural integrity, update facilities, and enhance its spiritual and aesthetic appeal. The most significant renovation project commenced in 2018, under the direction of Dan Holt.<ref name=":5" />

The renovations at the Washington D.C. Temple focused on several key areas, including the mechanical and electrical systems and the gardens. These changes were made to ensure the temple's compliance with contemporary building standards and to accommodate the evolving needs of the LDS Church and its members.<ref name=":5" />

One of the notable aspects of the renovation was the cleaning of the stained glass windows. This particular enhancement served to amplify the light inside the temple and the effect outside of it.<ref name=":5" />

Throughout the renovation process, care was taken to maintain the temple's historical and spiritual significance. Artisans and craftsmen specializing in architectural glass, drywall, and plastering were employed to ensure that both the exterior and interior renovations were in keeping with the original design ethos while incorporating modern advancements.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />

The renovated Washington D.C. Temple was rededicated on August 14, 2022,  by Russell M. Nelson.


==Location==
==Location==
Line 31: Line 53:
The temple is located in suburban Kensington, Maryland, north of Washington, D.C. It is accessible mainly from the Capital Beltway (Interstate 495) exit 33, but also via the [[Red Line (Washington Metro)|Red Line]] of the [[Washington Metro]] through a limited free shuttle service to and from the [[Forest Glen (WMATA station)|Forest Glen station]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://templeshuttle.org/go/ |title=TempleShuttle: Go |work= TempleShuttle.org |access-date=August 18, 2011 |year=2011}}{{dead link|date=July 2021}}</ref> The look and white color of the Washington D.C. Temple, coupled with its location near the Capital Beltway has made it a local landmark.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astro.umd.edu/openhouse/3about-the-obs/news/2006-11-26.html |title=Get Thrown for a Loop |work=In the news |publisher=[[University of Maryland Observatory]] |first=Barbara J. |last=Saffir |date=November 26, 2006 |page=M08 |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> D.C.-area traffic reports often refer to the "Mormon temple" or "the temple".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.meridianmagazine.com/photoessay/021209dctemple.html |work= [[Meridian Magazine]] |title= The Washington D.C. Temple Photographic Essay |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20030622210343/http://www.meridianmagazine.com/photoessay/021209dctemple.html |archive-date= June 22, 2003 |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>
The temple is located in suburban Kensington, Maryland, north of Washington, D.C. It is accessible mainly from the Capital Beltway (Interstate 495) exit 33, but also via the [[Red Line (Washington Metro)|Red Line]] of the [[Washington Metro]] through a limited free shuttle service to and from the [[Forest Glen (WMATA station)|Forest Glen station]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://templeshuttle.org/go/ |title=TempleShuttle: Go |work= TempleShuttle.org |access-date=August 18, 2011 |year=2011}}{{dead link|date=July 2021}}</ref> The look and white color of the Washington D.C. Temple, coupled with its location near the Capital Beltway has made it a local landmark.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astro.umd.edu/openhouse/3about-the-obs/news/2006-11-26.html |title=Get Thrown for a Loop |work=In the news |publisher=[[University of Maryland Observatory]] |first=Barbara J. |last=Saffir |date=November 26, 2006 |page=M08 |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> D.C.-area traffic reports often refer to the "Mormon temple" or "the temple".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.meridianmagazine.com/photoessay/021209dctemple.html |work= [[Meridian Magazine]] |title= The Washington D.C. Temple Photographic Essay |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20030622210343/http://www.meridianmagazine.com/photoessay/021209dctemple.html |archive-date= June 22, 2003 |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>


Sometime after the temple was constructed, an unknown person painted "[[Surrender Dorothy]]" on the girders of a railroad bridge that crosses the Beltway; to drivers approaching the temple from the east, the words appeared like a caption under the building.<ref name = kelly>John Kelly, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/surrender-dorothy-painted-on-a-beltway-overpass//whats-the-story/2011/06/23/AGduf6kH_story.html "'Surrender Dorothy' painted on a Beltway overpass — what’s the story?"], ''[[Washington Post]]'', June 24, 2011.</ref> The Maryland State Police removed the message, which has been repainted from time to time.<ref name = kelly/><ref name="01news">{{cite news |url=http://www.mormonstoday.com/011207/D1WashDCTemple01.shtml |work=MormonsToday.com |date=December 8, 2001 |title=In View of Temple, Graffiti Again Seeks Dorothy's Surrender |first=Kent |last=Larsen |access-date=October 12, 2012}}</ref> Church newsletters have cited the graffiti as an example of misconceptions about their religion, although local members of the church generally find the re-appearing inscription amusing rather than offensive.<ref name="01news" /><ref>{{cite news |first1=Donita |last1=Painter |first2=Pete |last2=Pichaske |date=November 8, 1999 |title=Landmark to most, temple is sanctuary for area's Mormons |newspaper=The Montgomery County Journal |page= A5 |url=http://www.jrnl.com/news/99/Nov/jrn63081199.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000303193245/http://www.jrnl.com/news/99/Nov/jrn63081199.html |archive-date=March 3, 2000 |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>
Sometime after the temple was constructed, an unknown person painted "[[Surrender Dorothy]]" on the girders of a railroad bridge that crosses the Beltway; to drivers approaching the temple from the east, the words appeared like a caption under the building.<ref name = kelly>John Kelly, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/surrender-dorothy-painted-on-a-beltway-overpass//whats-the-story/2011/06/23/AGduf6kH_story.html "'Surrender Dorothy' painted on a Beltway overpass — what’s the story?"], ''[[Washington Post]]'', June 24, 2011.</ref> The Maryland State Police removed the message, which has been repainted from time to time.<ref name = kelly/> Church newsletters have cited the graffiti as an example of misconceptions about their religion, although local members of the church generally find the re-appearing inscription amusing rather than offensive.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Donita |last1=Painter |first2=Pete |last2=Pichaske |date=November 8, 1999 |title=Landmark to most, temple is sanctuary for area's Mormons |newspaper=The Montgomery County Journal |page= A5 |url=http://www.jrnl.com/news/99/Nov/jrn63081199.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000303193245/http://www.jrnl.com/news/99/Nov/jrn63081199.html |archive-date=March 3, 2000 |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>


On August 24, 2018, "Surrender Donald" lettering (referring to US president [[Donald Trump]]) was spotted on the same bridge over the Washington Beltway. Evidently, the sign was made of easily removable letters that minimize property damage and was installed between 4 and 5 AM. Reportedly, Claude Taylor and his MadDog PAC claimed responsibility.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Mystery Solved! Here's Who Put That "Surrender Donald" Sign Up Over the Beltway |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2018/08/24/mystery-solved-heres-who-put-that-surrender-donald-sign-up-over-the-beltway/ |magazine=[[Washingtonian (magazine)|Washingtonian]] |date=August 24, 2018}}</ref> On November 5, during the [[2020 United States presidential election]], "Surrender Donald" appeared again – this time in paint.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=John |title=Perspective {{!}} From 'Surrender Dorothy' to 'Surrender Donald': The Beltway bridge has a new message |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2020/11/05/surrender-dorothy-surrender-donald-beltway-bridge-has-new-message/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 5, 2020}}</ref>
On August 24, 2018, "Surrender Donald" lettering (referring to US president [[Donald Trump]]) was spotted on the same bridge over the Washington Beltway. Evidently, the sign was made of easily removable letters that minimize property damage and was installed between 4 and 5 AM. Reportedly, Claude Taylor and his MadDog PAC claimed responsibility.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Mystery Solved! Here's Who Put That "Surrender Donald" Sign Up Over the Beltway |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2018/08/24/mystery-solved-heres-who-put-that-surrender-donald-sign-up-over-the-beltway/ |magazine=[[Washingtonian (magazine)|Washingtonian]] |date=August 24, 2018}}</ref> On November 5, during the [[2020 United States presidential election]], "Surrender Donald" appeared again – this time in paint.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=John |title=Perspective {{!}} From 'Surrender Dorothy' to 'Surrender Donald': The Beltway bridge has a new message |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2020/11/05/surrender-dorothy-surrender-donald-beltway-bridge-has-new-message/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 5, 2020}}</ref>


==Cultural and community impact==
==Festival of Lights==
[[File:Washington D.C. Mormon Temple Festival of Lights.jpg|thumb|Festival of Lights at the Washington D.C. Temple, 2014]]Since 1978 the temple has annually hosted the Festival of Lights at the visitors' center, officially running from December 2 to January 1. The event attracts thousands of visitors who come to view millions of lights on the temple grounds. The festival features live performances by the Mormon Choir of Washington, D.C.; a public lighting ceremony; a narrated outdoor [[nativity scene]]; and nightly performances from various regional artists and musicians.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Festival of Lights 2023 |url=https://dctemplevisitorscenter.org/festival-of-lights/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=DC Temple Visitors' Center |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dctemplelights.churchofjesuschrist.org |title=Washington D.C. Temple Festival of Lights |work=churchofjesuschrist.org |publisher=LDS Church |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> Each year, a different ambassador to the United States is invited as a guest speaker at the festival's opening lighting ceremony. For example, in 2011, [[J. W. "Bill" Marriott, Jr.]] and his wife, Donna, hosted [[Brazilian Ambassador to the United States]] [[Mauro Vieira]], with [[L. Tom Perry]] of the [[Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)|Quorum of the Twelve Apostles]] presiding.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thechurchnews.com/archive/2011-12-06/festival-of-lights-opens-for-holiday-season-at-washington-d-c-temple-37891 |title= Festival of Lights opens for holiday season at Washington D.C. Temple |first=Page |last=Johnson |date=December 6, 2011 |newspaper=[[Church News]] |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Washington D.C. Mormon Temple Festival of Lights.jpg|thumb|Festival of Lights at the Washington D.C. Temple, 2014]]The Washington D.C. Temple has made an impact on both the cultural landscape and the local community of Kensington, Maryland. Prior to its 2022 rededication, the temple facilitated the Reverse Open House Series, where local members of the local church visited other religious groups in the DC area to learn more about their beliefs, participate in their religious practices, and foster an interfaith community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=Reverse Open House Series: How a temple open house inspired visits to other faiths’ sacred sites, events |url=https://www.thechurchnews.com/2022/4/16/23217663/reverse-open-house-series-inspired-by-d-c-temple-open-sacred-sites-interfaith-events/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Church News |language=en}}</ref>
Since 1978 the temple has annually hosted the Festival of Lights at the visitors' center, officially running from December 2 to January 1. The event attracts thousands of visitors who come to view millions of lights on the temple grounds. The festival features live performances by the Washington, D.C. Temple Choir; a public lighting ceremony; a narrated outdoor [[nativity scene]]; and nightly performances from various regional artists and musicians.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Festival of Lights 2023 |url=https://dctemplevisitorscenter.org/festival-of-lights/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=DC Temple Visitors' Center |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dctemplelights.churchofjesuschrist.org |title=Washington D.C. Temple Festival of Lights |work=churchofjesuschrist.org |publisher=LDS Church |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref> Each year, a different ambassador to the United States is invited as a guest speaker at the festival's opening lighting ceremony. For example, in 2011, [[J. W. "Bill" Marriott, Jr.]] and his wife, Donna, hosted [[Brazilian Ambassador to the United States]] [[Mauro Vieira]], with [[L. Tom Perry]] of the [[Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)|Quorum of the Twelve Apostles]] presiding.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thechurchnews.com/archive/2011-12-06/festival-of-lights-opens-for-holiday-season-at-washington-d-c-temple-37891 |title= Festival of Lights opens for holiday season at Washington D.C. Temple |first=Page |last=Johnson |date=December 6, 2011 |newspaper=[[Church News]] |access-date=October 8, 2012}}</ref>

The visitors' center adjacent to the temple acts as an educational resource, providing both members and non-members with an in-depth understanding of the role of temples in the church and the temple's unique place in church history. And offers insights into the role of the temple as a symbol of God.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Washington D.C. Temple Visitors' Center |url=https://dctemplevisitorscenter.org/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=DC Temple Visitors' Center |language=en-US}}</ref>

Other opportunities for education and community involvement are facilitated through the Washington D.C. FamilySearch Center, which helps both members and nonmembers to complete genealogical research and partners with organizations such as the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution and the Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Washington DC FamilySearch Center |url=https://locations.familysearch.org/en/us/md/kensington/10000-stoneybrook-drive |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=locations.familysearch.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Admittance and Use ==
Dedicated in 1974, the Washington D.C. Temple in Kensington, Maryland is a central place of worship and spiritual ceremonies for members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Entry into the temple is restricted to those who hold a valid temple recommend, a document that members receive after a personal interview confirming their adherence to church doctrines and lifestyle standards.

The Washington D.C. Temple is primarily used for baptisms for the dead and sealings, fundamental to the LDS doctrine of eternal families and personal salvation. The temple's serene and sacred atmosphere aids members in spiritual reflection and connection.

Before its dedication, the Washington D.C. Temple was open to the public during a seven-week open house. This event allowed individuals of all faiths to experience the temple's architecture and learn about the sacred functions it would perform. Over the course of the open house over 750,000 people visited the temple, which is approximately 100,000 more people than at any previous temple open house. The event was covered by local journalists who advertised the opportunity to visit the new temple. While many were excited, others expressed trepidation about the new building.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sep 23, 1974, page 10 - The Daily Mail at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/22083510/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sep 14, 1974, page 2 - The Daily Mail at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/22078704/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aug 21, 1974, page 7 - The Daily Mail at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/22063454/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jul 23, 1973, page 25 - The News Journal at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/163487771/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref>

The formal dedication of the Washington D.C. Temple was held from November 19-22, 1974, and led by Spencer W. Kimball. Since its dedication, the temple has been a beacon of faith and a symbol of the church's presence in Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=The influence, closure, renovation and open house of Washington D.C. Temple |url=https://www.thechurchnews.com/2022/8/13/23304018/washington-dc-temple-influence-closure-renovation-open-house-president-nelson-rededicate/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Church News |language=en}}</ref>

Following the four-year renovation period, the temple was open to the public from April 28 to June 11, 2022, during which time the temple received over 250,000 visitors. Prior to the open house, a press conference was held, with 135 journalists from various publications in attendance. The rededication ceremony, which was conducted by Russell M. Nelson, was held on August 14, 2022.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Maggie |date=May 8, 2022 |title=Inside the Temple |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/community/articles/inside-temple-latter-day-saints |access-date=May 11, 2024 |website=Tablet}}</ref>

== Temple presidents ==
Since its dedication in 1974, the Washington D.C. Temple has been overseen by Temple Presidents and Temple Matrons, each serving for a term of three to five years. The roles of Temple President and Temple Matron in Kensington, Maryland is pivotal, encompassing the administration of temple operations and spiritual guidance for both temple patrons and staff.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Presidents and Matrons of the Washington D.C. Temple {{!}} ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org |url=https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/washington-d.c.-temple/presidents/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints}}</ref>

Since its dedication in 1964, the temple has been overseen by [[Temple president|temple presidents]] and [[Temple matron|matrons]], who oversee all its operations. Each typically serve a term of about three years. The first President of the Washington D.C. Temple was Edward Emanuel Drury Jr., who served from 1974 to 1978, and the first Temple Matron was Louise Farrington Drury. Under their leadership, the temple established itself as a center of spiritual activity and community engagement in Kensington.<ref name=":8" />

Following the Drurys, the temple was led by Wendell Geddes Eames and Nedra Cole Eames from 1978-1983. Each subsequent President, including Sterling Don Colton (1999-2002), who saw the temple through the 9/11 terrorist attack, has contributed uniquely to the temple's legacy, with a focus on missionary work.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-10 |title=The DC Temple on 9/11: Why the temple presidency worried it was a sitting duck |url=https://www.ldsliving.com/the-dc-temple-on-9-11-why-the-temple-presidency-worried-it-was-a-sitting-duck/s/10974 |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=LDS Living |language=en}}</ref>

Notable [[temple president|presidents]] of the temple include [[Franklin D. Richards (Mormon seventy)|Franklin D. Richards]] (1983–1986), [[David S. King]] (1990–1993), and [[F. Melvin Hammond]] (2005–2008). As of 2024, the current President of the Washington D.C. Temple is Clayton Flint Foulger, with Marla Ruby Price Foulger serving as Matron. Their tenure has been marked by the renovation and rededication of the temple, continuing the temple's tradition of service and spiritual guidance.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Temple Presidents and Matrons Called to Serve Beginning October 2020 - Church News and Events |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/church/news/new-temple-presidents-and-matrons-called-to-serve-beginning-october-2020?lang=eng |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.churchofjesuschrist.org}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 23:43, 11 May 2024

Washington D.C. Temple
Map
Number16
DedicationNovember 19, 1974, by Spencer W. Kimball
Site52 acres (21 ha)
Floor area156,558 sq ft (14,544.7 m2)
Height288 ft (88 m)
Official website • News & images
Church chronology
←
Provo Utah Temple
Washington D.C. Temple 		→
São Paulo Brazil Temple
Additional information
AnnouncedNovember 15, 1968, by David O. McKay
GroundbreakingDecember 7, 1968, by Hugh B. Brown
Open houseSeptember 17 – November 2, 1974.
April 28, 2022 - June 11, 2022.[1]
RededicatedAugust 14, 2022, by Russell M. Nelson[2]
Designed byFred L. Markham, Harold K. Beecher, Henry P. Fetzer, and Keith W. Wilcox
LocationKensington, Maryland, U.S.
Geographic coordinates39°0′50.68440″N 77°3′56.24639″W / 39.0140790000°N 77.0656239972°W / 39.0140790000; -77.0656239972
Exterior finishReinforced concrete sheathed in Alabama white marble
Baptistries1
Ordinance rooms6 (stationary)
Sealing rooms14
Clothing rentalYes
Visitors' centerYes
(edit)

The Washington D.C. Temple (known as the Washington Temple until 1999) is the 18th constructed and 16th operating temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is located in Kensington, Maryland, United States, just north of Washington, D.C., near the Capital Beltway. The intent to build the temple was announced on November 15, 1968, by church president David O. McKay. Key milestones in its history include the groundbreaking ceremony held on December 7, 1968, and the dedication event, which was conducted by Spencer W. Kimball on November 9, 1974. The temple was dedicated after an open house that attracted over 750,000 people, including several international dignitaries. The temple was the first temple built by the church east of the Mississippi River since 1846, when the original Nauvoo Temple was dedicated.[3]

The Washington D.C. Temple is known for its six gold-tipped spires and 18-ft tall gold statue of the angel Moroni.[3] Built at a cost of about $15 million in 1968, the temple is the church's tallest; its easternmost spire is 288 feet (88 m) tall. Its floor area of 160,000 square feet (15,000 m2) is the third-largest among church temples. This temple was designed by Keith W. Wilcox, Fred L. Markham, Henry P. Fetzer, and Harold K. Beecher, under the direction of Emil B. Fetzer.[4] Its design emulates the Salt Lake Temple with six spires, three on each end, and the building is encased in white Alabama marble.

The temple was closed in 2018 for renovations, and a rededication ceremony was conducted by Russell M. Nelson on August 14, 2022.

History

The temple and its surroundings

Plans to build the temple were announced on November 15, 1968, with a groundbreaking ceremony held on December 7.[5] Clearing of the land started May 28, 1971. The site chosen for the temple was a 57-acre (23 ha) wooded hill purchased in 1962 just north of the Capital Beltway.[6] This site was selected in part due to its longstanding role in the history of America. For example, one of the first owners of the site was John Carroll, who was the first Catholic bishop in the United States and also spent two decades of his life in public service, during which time he served in the First Continental Congress and as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787.[7] Additionally, many of the sites which are important to early church history, such as Nauvoo, Palmyra, and Kirtland, are within the original Washington D.C. Temple district.[8]

Only 11 acres (4.5 ha) of the site was cleared to give the area a more remote feeling. It was completed and dedicated in 1974. It was the Church's first U.S. temple built east of the Mississippi River since 1846 and remained the church's only temple in eastern North America until the dedication of the Atlanta Georgia Temple in 1983.[9]

The groundbreaking ceremony, a pivotal moment in the temple's history, took place on December 7, 1968, marking the commencement of construction. This ceremony was presided over by Hugh B. Brown and attended by local church members and community leaders.[10]

At the time of the temple's completion, it served all Latter-day Saint members in 31 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, seven Canadian provinces, Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, the Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic.[11] Original cost estimates for the temple were about $15 million. Members of the church within the temple's attendance district were asked to contribute at least $4.5 million. Eventually, local members donated around $6 million for the temple's construction.[9]

Front view with main entrance

At a completion ceremony the church's First Presidency buried a metal box with historical items near a corner of the temple. During the first week of the temple open house, government officials and diplomats from around the world were taken on special tours through the building. The open house continued for seven weeks and over 750,000 people went through the temple. The high number of people that attended the open house was attributed to the large amount of coverage that the temple and church received as it neared completion. Articles about the temple were printed in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report. There was also a large press conference held that introduced the temple and church president Spencer W. Kimball. Demand for tickets to the open house was high and the tickets were gone before the first day of tours; times were extended to accommodate more people. Ten dedicatory sessions were held for the temple between November 19 and 22, 1974. Over 40,000 church members attended these dedicatory services.[9]

During a 5.8 magnitude earthquake on August 23, 2011, the temple sustained minor damage to some parts of the exterior. The tops of four spires were knocked off and fell to the ground, as did several pieces of marble from the building's facade. No significant damage was reported to the temple's interior or to the neighboring visitors' center. Repairs were made beginning in September of that year and no disruptions occurred in its normal operating schedule.[12][13]

On February 23, 2017, it was announced that the temple would close for renovations to upgrade the mechanical systems and update finishes and furnishings.[14] The temple closed in March 2018.[15] The renovations were anticipated to be completed in 2020 and the adjacent visitor center was scheduled to be operational throughout the renovation.[16] In February 2020, the church announced that with renovations nearing completion, a public open house would be held from September 24 through October 31, 2020, with the temple scheduled for rededication on Sunday, December 13, 2020.[17] However, due to the coronavirus pandemic, the church announced on June 17, 2020, that the open house and rededication dates would be postponed until large public gatherings are determined to be safe.[18] On July 20, 2021, the church announced the open house would be scheduled for April 28 through June 4, 2022, with the temple scheduled for rededication on Sunday, June 19, 2022.[19] However, on January 28, 2022, the church announced that the duration of the open house tours would be extended as needed,[20] with the rededication pushed back to August 14, 2022.[21][22] The church put up banners in the city to promote the event and recorded a virtual tour, led by Gary E. Stevenson and Dale G. Renlund, who serve as members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.[22][23] During the open house, over 250,000 people visited the temple.[3]

The temple was rededicated by Russell M. Nelson in three sessions on August 14, 2022.[24] The temple served 38 stakes in Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, and West Virginia at the time of its rededication.[3]

Design and architecture

Model of the temple's interior

The Washington D.C. Temple showcases a distinctive architectural style, blending elements of mid-century modern architecture with traditional LDS temple design.[25] Designed by architects Fred L. Markham, Harold K. Beecher, Henry P. Fetzer and Keith Wilcox, the Washington D.C. Temple was built with a modern six-spire design based on the design of the Salt Lake Temple, with the three towers to the east representing the Melchizedek priesthood, and the three towers to the west representing the Aaronic priesthood. The temple was designed to be similar in style and form to the Salt Lake Temple so that it would be easily recognized as a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[26] The Washington D.C. Temple includes some elements of Gothic architecture, linking it with the Salt Lake Temple, but aspects of mid-century modern architecture were also incorporated to ensure that the temple was visually different from previous LDS temples.[4][25]

The central eastern tower reaches a height of 288 feet (88 m), the tallest of any of the church's temples. The temple has a total floor area of 160,000 square feet (15,000 m2), making it the church's third-largest. The temple includes six ordinance rooms and fourteen sealing rooms.[3] One of the focal points of the Washington D.C. Temple is its baptistry, which is designed to create a spiritually uplifting atmosphere.[27] The Washington D.C. Temple's angel Moroni statue, which sits atop the tallest tower, is 18 feet (5.5 m) tall and weighs 2 tons.[9] The outer walls are covered in white Alabama marble and the spires are coated in 24-carat gold.[26] There are two large stained glass windows on the eastern and westernmost spires. Although there appear to be no other windows, the marble was shaved to 0.625 inches (1.59 cm) thick over window openings, thin enough to be translucent.[28]

Incorporated into the design are symbolic elements representing core tenets of the LDS faith, which provide deeper spiritual meaning to the temple's appearance and function. Symbolism is an important subject to members of the LDS Church. The bridge between the entry room and the temple represents leaving the world behind to enter the holy house of the lord.[27] The verticality of the temple itself, alongside the interior use of Gothic arches, symbolizes one’s journey on earth and eventual ascension to the kingdom of God, a journey which culminates in the celestial room.[15] The bright, even light throughout the temple represents the light of God.[25] Additionally, the doors to the temple “feature medallions with seven different symbols: a star, a planet, concentric circles representing eternity, the sun (complete with a face like the Nauvoo sunstone), the earth, seven concentric pentagons representing seven dispensations, and the moon.”[29]The interior of the temple also features a stained-glass depiction of the tree of life, which is a symbol of Jesus Christ found in the Book of Mormon.[30]

The temple sits on a 52-acre site. Only 11 acres of the site were developed, leaving the majority of the site unlandscaped in order to physically and visually separate the temple from the surrounding area. The landscaped areas feature gardens, walks, fountains, and a reflecting pool.[3][8]

Renovations

Over the years, the Washington D.C. Temple has undergone several renovations to preserve its structural integrity, update facilities, and enhance its spiritual and aesthetic appeal. The most significant renovation project commenced in 2018, under the direction of Dan Holt.[25]

The renovations at the Washington D.C. Temple focused on several key areas, including the mechanical and electrical systems and the gardens. These changes were made to ensure the temple's compliance with contemporary building standards and to accommodate the evolving needs of the LDS Church and its members.[25]

One of the notable aspects of the renovation was the cleaning of the stained glass windows. This particular enhancement served to amplify the light inside the temple and the effect outside of it.[25]

Throughout the renovation process, care was taken to maintain the temple's historical and spiritual significance. Artisans and craftsmen specializing in architectural glass, drywall, and plastering were employed to ensure that both the exterior and interior renovations were in keeping with the original design ethos while incorporating modern advancements.[8][25]

The renovated Washington D.C. Temple was rededicated on August 14, 2022,  by Russell M. Nelson.

Location

Temple as seen from the Outer Loop of the Capital Beltway

The temple is located in suburban Kensington, Maryland, north of Washington, D.C. It is accessible mainly from the Capital Beltway (Interstate 495) exit 33, but also via the Red Line of the Washington Metro through a limited free shuttle service to and from the Forest Glen station.[31] The look and white color of the Washington D.C. Temple, coupled with its location near the Capital Beltway has made it a local landmark.[32] D.C.-area traffic reports often refer to the "Mormon temple" or "the temple".[33]

Sometime after the temple was constructed, an unknown person painted "Surrender Dorothy" on the girders of a railroad bridge that crosses the Beltway; to drivers approaching the temple from the east, the words appeared like a caption under the building.[34] The Maryland State Police removed the message, which has been repainted from time to time.[34] Church newsletters have cited the graffiti as an example of misconceptions about their religion, although local members of the church generally find the re-appearing inscription amusing rather than offensive.[35]

On August 24, 2018, "Surrender Donald" lettering (referring to US president Donald Trump) was spotted on the same bridge over the Washington Beltway. Evidently, the sign was made of easily removable letters that minimize property damage and was installed between 4 and 5 AM. Reportedly, Claude Taylor and his MadDog PAC claimed responsibility.[36] On November 5, during the 2020 United States presidential election, "Surrender Donald" appeared again – this time in paint.[37]

Cultural and community impact

Festival of Lights at the Washington D.C. Temple, 2014

The Washington D.C. Temple has made an impact on both the cultural landscape and the local community of Kensington, Maryland. Prior to its 2022 rededication, the temple facilitated the Reverse Open House Series, where local members of the local church visited other religious groups in the DC area to learn more about their beliefs, participate in their religious practices, and foster an interfaith community.[38]

Since 1978 the temple has annually hosted the Festival of Lights at the visitors' center, officially running from December 2 to January 1. The event attracts thousands of visitors who come to view millions of lights on the temple grounds. The festival features live performances by the Washington, D.C. Temple Choir; a public lighting ceremony; a narrated outdoor nativity scene; and nightly performances from various regional artists and musicians.[39][40] Each year, a different ambassador to the United States is invited as a guest speaker at the festival's opening lighting ceremony. For example, in 2011, J. W. "Bill" Marriott, Jr. and his wife, Donna, hosted Brazilian Ambassador to the United States Mauro Vieira, with L. Tom Perry of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles presiding.[41]

The visitors' center adjacent to the temple acts as an educational resource, providing both members and non-members with an in-depth understanding of the role of temples in the church and the temple's unique place in church history. And offers insights into the role of the temple as a symbol of God.[42]

Other opportunities for education and community involvement are facilitated through the Washington D.C. FamilySearch Center, which helps both members and nonmembers to complete genealogical research and partners with organizations such as the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution and the Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society.[43]

Admittance and Use

Dedicated in 1974, the Washington D.C. Temple in Kensington, Maryland is a central place of worship and spiritual ceremonies for members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Entry into the temple is restricted to those who hold a valid temple recommend, a document that members receive after a personal interview confirming their adherence to church doctrines and lifestyle standards.

The Washington D.C. Temple is primarily used for baptisms for the dead and sealings, fundamental to the LDS doctrine of eternal families and personal salvation. The temple's serene and sacred atmosphere aids members in spiritual reflection and connection.

Before its dedication, the Washington D.C. Temple was open to the public during a seven-week open house. This event allowed individuals of all faiths to experience the temple's architecture and learn about the sacred functions it would perform. Over the course of the open house over 750,000 people visited the temple, which is approximately 100,000 more people than at any previous temple open house. The event was covered by local journalists who advertised the opportunity to visit the new temple. While many were excited, others expressed trepidation about the new building.[44][45][46][47]

The formal dedication of the Washington D.C. Temple was held from November 19-22, 1974, and led by Spencer W. Kimball. Since its dedication, the temple has been a beacon of faith and a symbol of the church's presence in Kensington, Maryland.[3][48]

Following the four-year renovation period, the temple was open to the public from April 28 to June 11, 2022, during which time the temple received over 250,000 visitors. Prior to the open house, a press conference was held, with 135 journalists from various publications in attendance. The rededication ceremony, which was conducted by Russell M. Nelson, was held on August 14, 2022.[48][49]

Temple presidents

Since its dedication in 1974, the Washington D.C. Temple has been overseen by Temple Presidents and Temple Matrons, each serving for a term of three to five years. The roles of Temple President and Temple Matron in Kensington, Maryland is pivotal, encompassing the administration of temple operations and spiritual guidance for both temple patrons and staff.[50]

Since its dedication in 1964, the temple has been overseen by temple presidents and matrons, who oversee all its operations. Each typically serve a term of about three years. The first President of the Washington D.C. Temple was Edward Emanuel Drury Jr., who served from 1974 to 1978, and the first Temple Matron was Louise Farrington Drury. Under their leadership, the temple established itself as a center of spiritual activity and community engagement in Kensington.[50]

Following the Drurys, the temple was led by Wendell Geddes Eames and Nedra Cole Eames from 1978-1983. Each subsequent President, including Sterling Don Colton (1999-2002), who saw the temple through the 9/11 terrorist attack, has contributed uniquely to the temple's legacy, with a focus on missionary work.[51]

Notable presidents of the temple include Franklin D. Richards (1983–1986), David S. King (1990–1993), and F. Melvin Hammond (2005–2008). As of 2024, the current President of the Washington D.C. Temple is Clayton Flint Foulger, with Marla Ruby Price Foulger serving as Matron. Their tenure has been marked by the renovation and rededication of the temple, continuing the temple's tradition of service and spiritual guidance.[3][52]

See also

class=notpageimage|
Temples in the Mid-Atlantic States (edit)
  • = Operating
  • = Under construction
  • = Announced
  • = Temporarily Closed
  • = Historical/Efforts Suspended

References

  1. ^ The open house has been extended to accommodate tours for all who are interested, and an end date will be defined later. See this announcement for verification.
  2. ^ "President Nelson Rededicates the House of the Lord in Washington, D.C.", Newsroom, LDS Church, August 14, 2022, retrieved October 21, 2022
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Washington D.C. Temple | Church News Almanac". Church News. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  4. ^ a b "The Remarkable Story behind the Architecture of the Washington DC Temple". LDS Magazine. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  5. ^ "Washington DC Info". churchofjesuschrist.org. LDS Church. 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  6. ^ "Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints". Ensign. LDS Church. August 1974. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  7. ^ "Why the Washington D.C. Temple site was 'meant to be'". Deseret News. December 18, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  8. ^ a b c Washington D.C. Temple Renovation Fact Sheet (PDF). Church News.
  9. ^ a b c d "Washington DC Mormon Temple". mormontemples.com. June 11, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  10. ^ "1974 revisited: 25 noteworthy events and elements tied to the Washington Temple dedication". Church News. January 11, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  11. ^ "The Washington Temple District". Ensign. LDS Church. August 1974. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  12. ^ "East Coast quake damages people's nerves and temple spires". KSL-TV. August 23, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  13. ^ Ruoff, Alex (September 8, 2011). "Mormon temple in Kensington to undergo repairs after earthquake". Gazette.net. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  14. ^ "See what 2 apostles told dozens of journalists about the importance of the renovated Washington D.C. Temple". Deseret News. April 18, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
  15. ^ a b Elwood, Karina (April 25, 2022). "What to expect when the Mormons' D.C. temple opens to the public". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  16. ^ "Oakland California and Washington D.C. Temples to Close for Renovation". Newsroom. LDS Church. February 23, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  17. ^ "Washington D.C. Temple Open House and Rededication Dates Announced: Temple to be re-opened after more than two years of renovation", Newsroom, LDS Church, February 27, 2020
  18. ^ Washington D.C. Temple Open House and Rededication Dates Postponed, Newsroom, churchofjesuschrist.org, 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  19. ^ "The Washington D.C. Temple Open House and Rededication Will Take Place in 2022", Newsroom, LDS Church, July 20, 2021
  20. ^ "Diverse group of thousands of invited guests already touring Washington D.C. Temple as open house nears". Deseret News. April 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
  21. ^ "The First Presidency Extends the Open House for the Washington D.C. Temple: The temple rededication will now take place on August 14, 2022", Newsroom, LDS Church, January 28, 2022
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  24. ^ "Washington D.C. Temple | ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org". Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g "What the Church did to restore, refurbish the Washington D.C. Temple and why it matters". Church News. January 11, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  26. ^ a b "To Build a Temple". Ensign. LDS Church. August 1974. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  27. ^ a b "Inside the Latter-day Saints' Washington, D.C. temple - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. April 17, 2022. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  28. ^ England, Kathy (October 1977). "The Washington D.C. Temple". Ensign. LDS Church. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  29. ^ "Why There Are Sun, Moon, and Star Symbols on Temples (+Their Deeper Meaning)". LDS Living. January 20, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  30. ^ "Washington D.C. Temple: Renderings released, open house dates announced". Deseret News. December 19, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  31. ^ "TempleShuttle: Go". TempleShuttle.org. 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2011.[dead link]
  32. ^ Saffir, Barbara J. (November 26, 2006). "Get Thrown for a Loop". In the news. University of Maryland Observatory. p. M08. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  33. ^ "The Washington D.C. Temple Photographic Essay". Meridian Magazine. Archived from the original on June 22, 2003. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  34. ^ a b John Kelly, "'Surrender Dorothy' painted on a Beltway overpass — what’s the story?", Washington Post, June 24, 2011.
  35. ^ Painter, Donita; Pichaske, Pete (November 8, 1999). "Landmark to most, temple is sanctuary for area's Mormons". The Montgomery County Journal. p. A5. Archived from the original on March 3, 2000. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  36. ^ "Mystery Solved! Here's Who Put That "Surrender Donald" Sign Up Over the Beltway". Washingtonian. August 24, 2018.
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  43. ^ "Washington DC FamilySearch Center". locations.familysearch.org. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
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  50. ^ a b "Presidents and Matrons of the Washington D.C. Temple | ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org". Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
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  52. ^ "New Temple Presidents and Matrons Called to Serve Beginning October 2020 - Church News and Events". www.churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
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