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Customizable mugs are a fantastic way to enhance your coffee time, bring out your creative side, or offer a personal touch to someone special.
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{{short description|Commercial [[For-profit education|for-profit]] social networking website for academics}}
Transform Your Coffee Time: Enhance Your Moments with Customizable Mugs
{{redirect|Academia, Inc|other companies|Academia (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox website
'''Introduction to Customizable Mugs'''
| name = Academia, Inc.
Imagine sipping your morning coffee from a mug that not only holds your favorite beverage but also carries a personal message, a favorite image, or a quirky design that resonates with your personality. Customizable mugs are no longer just functional items in your kitchen; they have evolved into personal expressions, sentimental gifts, and branding tools. Whether you are looking to add some flair to your daily routine or find the perfect gift for someone special, customizable mugs are a creative and fun way to transform your coffee experience.
| logo = Academia.edu logo.svg
| screenshot = Screenshot of Academia.edu (26 Dec 2017).PNG
| collapsible = no
| location = [[San Francisco]], [[California]]
| founder = [[Richard Price (entrepreneur)|Richard Price]]
| url = {{URL|academia.edu}}
| registration = Required
| users = 265 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Academia.edu {{!}} About |url=https://www.academia.edu/about |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.academia.edu}}</ref>
| language = English
| founded = {{Start date and age|2008}}
| company_type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| num_employees = 100<ref name=About>{{cite web |url=https://academia.edu/hiring |title=Our Mission |publisher=Academia.edu |access-date=2018-12-15 |archive-date=December 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210130333/http://www.academia.edu/hiring |url-status=live }}</ref>
| website_type = Platform for sharing research papers
}}


'''Academia.edu''' is a commercial platform for sharing academic research that is uploaded and distributed by researchers from around the world. All academic articles are free to read by visitors, however uploading and downloading articles is restricted to registered users, with additional features accessible only as a paid subscription.<ref name="Duffy">{{cite journal |last1=Duffy |first1=Brooke Erin |last2=Pooley |first2=Jefferson D. |title="Facebook for Academics": The Convergence of Self-Branding and Social Media Logic on Academia.edu |journal=Social Media + Society |date=January 2017 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=205630511769652 |doi=10.1177/2056305117696523|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Talbot-Stokes |first=Ruth |title=LibGuides: Researcher Identifiers, Profiles and Social Networks: Academia.edu |url=https://libguides.newcastle.edu.au/researchid/academia |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=libguides.newcastle.edu.au |language=en}}</ref>
'''Why Customizable Mugs Make a Difference'''
Personalization Brings a Unique Touch
Custom mugs allow you to bring your own creativity to life. You can print your favorite quotes, display memories through photos, or even sketch out a personal design. This level of customization makes each mug one-of-a-kind, ensuring no two are alike. The personalized element adds an emotional connection to your daily coffee ritual.


Since the launch of the site in 2008, the number of users has grown rapidly, reaching about 10 million daily visits in early 2022. By 2024, Academia.edu has over 265 million registered users, with over 55 million papers currently available on the platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/about|author=Academia.edu|title=About|access-date=2022-04-21|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201127173938/https://www.academia.edu/about|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''A Perfect Gift for Any Occasion'''
Looking for a thoughtful and unique gift? A customizable mug is a great choice. Whether it’s for a birthday, holiday, or just because, the ability to tailor a design to someone’s taste makes it feel extra special. You can celebrate friendships, show appreciation, or mark important milestones with a mug designed specifically for the recipient.


In 2022, the company entered the scientific publishing sector, launching a dozen scientific, open access journals, and publishing under the name of Academia.edu Journals.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jack |first=Andrew |date=2022-02-21 |title=Tencent-backed academic network to launch 'open access' journals |url=https://www.ft.com/content/338e7d86-4a42-46cf-a0e9-9081b136bec7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223103735/https://www.ft.com/content/338e7d86-4a42-46cf-a0e9-9081b136bec7 |archive-date=February 23, 2022 |access-date=2022-02-23 |work=Financial Times}}</ref>


==History==
'''Creative Ideas for Customizing Your Mug'''
Incorporating Personal Photos
One of the most popular ways to customize a mug is by adding personal photos. Imagine having a snapshot of a cherished memory, like a family vacation or a beloved pet, right on your coffee mug. Every time you take a sip, you’re reminded of those happy moments.


Academia.edu was founded by [[Richard Price (entrepreneur)|Richard Price]] in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Price|first=Richard|title=Richard Price|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/author/richard-price|access-date=2022-02-03|website=Entrepreneur|language=en|archive-date=February 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203165353/https://www.entrepreneur.com/author/richard-price|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''Adding Motivational Quotes'''
Who doesn’t need a little motivation in the morning? Adding an inspiring or funny quote to your mug can be the perfect way to start your day with positive energy. Whether it’s your own motto or something from a favorite book, it can give you that extra push.


On its filings with the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]], the company uses the legal name Academia Inc.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1553622 |access-date=12 July 2024 |department=EDGAR |website=SEC |title= Academia Inc.}}</ref> The site was registered in the [[.edu|.edu top-level domain]] in 1999 when that domain was not limited to educational institutions.
'''Designing Artistic Graphics'''
If you’re artistically inclined, why not go all out and create a graphic design? You can play with different elements — colors, patterns, abstract shapes — that resonate with your style. For more inspiration:


In 2013, [[Elsevier]] sent thousands of [[takedown notice]]s to Academia.edu, claiming copyright infringement for Elsevier-published content that was posted on Academia.edu. Following widespread complaint of these takedown notices, Elsevier retracted their request, and academics were allowed to continue to post their publications.<ref name="Parr2014">{{cite journal|last1=Parr|first1=Chris|title=Sharing is a way of life for millions on Academia.edu|journal=Times Higher Education|date=June 12, 2014|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/sharing-is-a-way-of-life-for-millions-on-academiaedu/2013839.article?nopaging=1|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-date=February 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208173402/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/sharing-is-a-way-of-life-for-millions-on-academiaedu/2013839.article?nopaging=1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Howard2013">{{cite journal|last1=Howard|first1=Jennifer|title=Posting Your Latest Article? You Might Have to Take It Down|journal=The Chronicle of Higher Education|date=December 6, 2013|url=http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/posting-your-latest-article-you-might-have-to-take-it-down/48865|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-date=September 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908075810/http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/posting-your-latest-article-you-might-have-to-take-it-down/48865|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarke |first=Michael |date=2013-12-11 |title=The End of an Era for Academia.edu and Other Academic Networks? |url=https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2013/12/11/has-elsevier-signaled-a-new-era-for-academia-edu-and-other-professional-networks/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=The Scholarly Kitchen |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''Bright and Bold Colors'''
For a lively vibe, you can design mugs with vibrant hues that pop and make a statement.


==Competitors==
'''Minimalist and Modern Designs'''
On the other hand, if you prefer a more understated look, minimalist designs with neutral tones or simple lines can give off a sleek, modern aesthetic.


Critics mention several alternatives for free access publications for people who want to make their work freely available. Many universities and educational consortia have their own institutional repositories, including the [[Big Ten Academic Alliance]]. [[Zenodo]] (funded by The [[OpenAIRE Consortium]]) and [[Humanities Commons]] both work to keep humanities scholarship online without monetizing it.{{CN|date=June 2023}}


Academia.edu's competitors include [[ResearchGate]], [[Google Scholar]] and [[Mendeley]].<ref name="THE">{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/do-academic-social-networks-share-academics-interests|title=Do academic social networks share academics' interests?|last1=Matthews|first1=David|date=7 April 2016|website=[[Times Higher Education]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417100025/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/do-academic-social-networks-share-academics-interests|archive-date=2016-04-17|url-status=live|access-date=2016-04-22}}</ref> In 2016 Academia.edu reportedly had more registered users than ResearchGate (about 34 million versus 11 million<ref name="Bloomberg2016">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-11-15/bill-gates-backed-research-network-targets-advertising-revenues|title=Bill Gates-Backed Research Network Targets Advertising Revenue|last1=Satariano|first1=Adam|date=15 November 2016|access-date=2016-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130040113/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-11-15/bill-gates-backed-research-network-targets-advertising-revenues|archive-date=2016-11-30|url-status=live|website=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]}}</ref>) and higher web traffic, but ResearchGate had substantially more active usage by researchers. In 2020, the traffic ranks had reversed, with ResearchGate ranked in the top 150–200 websites globally according to [[Alexa Internet]], whereas Academia.edu was positioned in the 200–300 range.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} [[Unpaywall]], which collects data about [[open access]] versions of academic publications and provides easy access to them, is also considered a competitor to Academia.edu.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Kerry|last1=Dhakal|title=Unpaywall|journal=Journal of the Medical Library Association|date=15 April 2019|volume=107|issue=2|pages=286–288|pmc=6466485|doi=10.5195/jmla.2019.650}}</ref>
'''Customizable Mugs for Special Events'''
Weddings and Anniversaries
Commemorate special events like weddings and anniversaries with custom mugs. Create a design that captures the couple’s love story, perhaps with their wedding date or a heartfelt message. These mugs can be great keepsakes for guests or as a gift to the couple themselves.


==Publishing==
Birthday Celebrations
As of 2024, Academia.edu Journals has launched 12 [[open-access journal]]s that publish articles in various scientific fields, including medicine. As a gold open-access publisher, all articles are freely available.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Open access policy - Academia Biology - Academia.edu |url=https://www.academia.edu/journals/academia-biology/about/open-access-policy |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.academia.edu}}</ref>
Custom mugs are perfect for birthdays. Personalize them with the recipient’s name, zodiac sign, or an inside joke. It’s a practical gift that will be used and appreciated daily.


All journals waived [[article processing charge]]s for authors during the first year that a journal was launched, and continue to waive these fees for authors who come from eligible countries or can prove difficulty with paying due to lack of funding.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article processing charges - Academia Biology - Academia.edu |url=https://www.academia.edu/journals/academia-biology/about/article-processing-charges?source=journal-top-nav |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.academia.edu}}</ref>
Corporate Branding

For businesses, customizable mugs make excellent promotional items. Print your company’s logo, tagline, or contact details on the mug and distribute them as giveaways during events. It’s a subtle but effective marketing tool that keeps your brand top of mind.
Currently, the following journals are published:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Academia.edu Journals {{!}} All Journals - Academia.edu |url=https://www.academia.edu/journals/all |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.academia.edu}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Title
!ISSN
!Launch
|-
|''Academia Biology''
|ISSN 2837-4010
|2023, March
|-
|''Academia Engineering''
|ISSN 2994-7065
|2023, June
|-
|''Academia Environmental Sciences and Sustainability''
|ISSN 2997-6006
|2023, November
|-
|''Academia Green Energy''
|ISSN 2998-3665
|2023, August
|-
|''Academia Materials Science''
|ISSN 2997-2027
|2023, October
|-
|''Academia Medicine''
|ISSN 2994-435X
|2023, June
|-
|''Academia Mental Health and Well-Being''
|ISSN 2997-9196
|2023, December
|-
|''Academia Molecular Biology and Genomics''
|Pending
|2024, May
|-
|''Academia Nano: Science, Materials, Technology''
|Pending
|2024, March
|-
|''Academia Nutrition and Dietetics''
|Pending
|2024
|-
|''Academia Oncology''
|Pending
|2024, February
|-
|''Academia Quantum''
|Pending
|2024, May
|}

== Criticism ==

Academia.edu is not a university or institution for higher learning and so under current standards it would not qualify for the "[[.edu]]" [[top-level domain]]. However, since the domain name "Academia.edu" was registered in 1999, before the regulations required .edu domain names to be held solely by accredited post-secondary institutions in the US, it is allowed to remain active and operational. All .edu domain names registered before 2001 were [[.edu#Grandfathered uses|grandfathered in]], even if not an accredited USA post-secondary institution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://net.educause.edu/edudomain/eligibility.asp |title=edu Policy Information |publisher=Net.educause.edu |date=2001-10-29 |access-date=2012-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421074131/http://net.educause.edu/edudomain/eligibility.asp |archive-date=2013-04-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Atlantic>{{cite web|author=McKenna, Laura|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/12/the-convoluted-profits-of-academic-publishing/421047/|title=The Convoluted Profits of Academic Publishing|work=The Atlantic|date=17 December 2015|access-date=March 5, 2017|archive-date=December 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219233404/https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/12/the-convoluted-profits-of-academic-publishing/421047/|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the [[University of Oklahoma]] libraries, when interacting with Academia.edu, users should keep in mind that "you are not the customer," but rather "you are the product that these services seek to monetize and/or 'offer up' to advertisers," that "you might be breaking the law," even if you are uploading your own work, and finally that "there are privacy implications," because a commercial site does not follow professional standards and "may share information about you".<ref>[https://libraries.ou.edu/content/understanding-academiaedu-and-researchgate Understanding Academia.Edu and Researchgate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419100740/https://libraries.ou.edu/content/understanding-academiaedu-and-researchgate |date=April 19, 2022 }} University of Oklahoma University Libraries</ref>

A critic, [[Kathleen Fitzpatrick (American academic)|Kathleen Fitzpatrick]], the director of scholarly communication at the [[Modern Language Association]], said she found the use of the ".edu" domain name by Academia.edu to be "extremely problematic", since it might mislead users into thinking the site is part of an accredited educational institution rather than a for-profit company.<ref name=Atlantic/>

Academia.edu claims it supports the [[open science]] or [[open access]] movements and, in particular, instant distribution of research, and a [[Peer review|peer-review]] system that occurs alongside distribution, instead of before it.<ref>{{cite web |author=Richard Price |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/02/05/the-future-of-peer-review/ |title=The Future of Peer Review |publisher=TechCrunch |date=2012-02-05 |access-date=2012-02-22 |archive-date=April 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430233927/http://techcrunch.com/2012/02/05/the-future-of-peer-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Accordingly, the company stated its opposition to the proposed (since withdrawn) 2011 U.S. [[Research Works Act]], which would have prevented open-access mandates in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |author=Richard Price |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/02/15/the-dangerous-research-works-act/ |title=The Dangerous "Research Works Act" |publisher=TechCrunch |date=2012-02-15 |access-date=2012-02-22 |archive-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312102036/http://techcrunch.com/2012/02/15/the-dangerous-research-works-act/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

However, in the view of critic [[Peter Suber]], Academia.edu is not an [[open access repository]] and is not recommended as a way to pursue [[green open access]]. Peter Suber instead invites researchers to use field-specific repositories or general-purpose repositories like [[Zenodo]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Access book §10 self help |url=https://cyber.law.harvard.edu/hoap/?title=Open_Access_%28the_book%29&oldid=5242#Chapter_10:_Self-Help |author=Peter Suber |date=2016 |access-date=May 19, 2016 |archive-date=July 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701201606/https://cyber.law.harvard.edu/hoap/?title=Open_Access_%28the_book%29&oldid=5242#Chapter_10:_Self-Help |url-status=live }}</ref>

In early 2016, some users reported having received e-mails from Academia.edu where they were asked if they would be interested in paying a fee to have their papers recommended by the website's editors.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/Scholars-Criticize/235102|title=Scholars Criticize Academia.edu Proposal to Charge Authors for Recommendations|date=2016-01-29|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education|access-date=2017-01-26|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805083718/http://www.chronicle.com/article/Scholars-Criticize/235102/|url-status=live}}</ref> This led some users to start a campaign encouraging users to cancel their Academia.edu accounts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2016/02/01/should-you-deleteacademiaedu|title=Should you #DeleteAcademiaEdu? On the role of commercial services in scholarly communication.|date=2016-02-01|newspaper=Impact of Social Sciences|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-26|archive-date=May 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507031227/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2016/02/01/should-you-deleteacademiaedu/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other criticisms include the fact that Academia.edu uses a [[vendor lock-in]] model: "It's up to Academia.edu to decide what you can and can't do with the information you've given them, and they're not likely to make it easy for alternative methods to access".<ref name=":0"/> This is in reference to the fact that, although papers can be read by non-users, a free account is needed in order to download papers: "you need to be logged in to do most of the useful things on the site (even as a casual reader)".<ref name=":0" />

In December 2016, Academia.edu announced new premium features that includes data analytics on work and the professional rank of the viewers,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@academia/how-do-people-find-your-papers-academia-edu-introduces-a-new-premium-feature-8b221176f57f|title=How do people find your papers? Academia.edu Introduces a New Premium Feature|last=Team|first=The Academia edu|date=2016-12-20|website=Medium|access-date=2017-01-26|archive-date=February 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202075646/https://medium.com/@academia/how-do-people-find-your-papers-academia-edu-introduces-a-new-premium-feature-8b221176f57f|url-status=live}}</ref> which have also received criticism.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.plannedobsolescence.net/academia-not-edu/|title=Academia, Not Edu|date=2015-10-26|newspaper=Planned Obsolescence|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-26|archive-date=January 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128171339/http://www.plannedobsolescence.net/academia-not-edu/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.diggitmagazine.com/column/end-academiaedu-how-business-takes-over-again|title=The end of Academia.edu: how business takes over, again|date=2017-04-26|work=diggit magazine|access-date=2017-05-02|language=en|archive-date=May 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501075033/https://www.diggitmagazine.com/column/end-academiaedu-how-business-takes-over-again|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*{{Official website}}

{{Wikidata property|P5715}}
{{Commons category}}

{{Online social networking|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Internet properties established in 2008]]
[[Category:American social networking websites]]
[[Category:Professional networks]]
[[Category:Social media companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies based in San Francisco]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in California]]
[[Category:Scholarly communication]]
[[Category:Aggregation-based digital libraries]]

Revision as of 07:23, 16 September 2024

"Academia, Inc" redirects here. For other companies, see Academia (disambiguation).

Academia, Inc.
Screenshot
Type of businessPrivate
Type of site
Platform for sharing research papers
Available inEnglish
Founded2008; 16 years ago (2008)
HeadquartersSan Francisco, California
Area servedWorldwide
Founder(s)Richard Price
Employees100[1]
URLacademia.edu
RegistrationRequired
Users265 million[2]

Academia.edu is a commercial platform for sharing academic research that is uploaded and distributed by researchers from around the world. All academic articles are free to read by visitors, however uploading and downloading articles is restricted to registered users, with additional features accessible only as a paid subscription.[3][4]

Since the launch of the site in 2008, the number of users has grown rapidly, reaching about 10 million daily visits in early 2022. By 2024, Academia.edu has over 265 million registered users, with over 55 million papers currently available on the platform.[5]

In 2022, the company entered the scientific publishing sector, launching a dozen scientific, open access journals, and publishing under the name of Academia.edu Journals.[6]

History

Academia.edu was founded by Richard Price in 2008.[7]

On its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the company uses the legal name Academia Inc.[8] The site was registered in the .edu top-level domain in 1999 when that domain was not limited to educational institutions.

In 2013, Elsevier sent thousands of takedown notices to Academia.edu, claiming copyright infringement for Elsevier-published content that was posted on Academia.edu. Following widespread complaint of these takedown notices, Elsevier retracted their request, and academics were allowed to continue to post their publications.[9][10][11]

Competitors

Critics mention several alternatives for free access publications for people who want to make their work freely available. Many universities and educational consortia have their own institutional repositories, including the Big Ten Academic Alliance. Zenodo (funded by The OpenAIRE Consortium) and Humanities Commons both work to keep humanities scholarship online without monetizing it.[citation needed]

Academia.edu's competitors include ResearchGate, Google Scholar and Mendeley.[12] In 2016 Academia.edu reportedly had more registered users than ResearchGate (about 34 million versus 11 million[13]) and higher web traffic, but ResearchGate had substantially more active usage by researchers. In 2020, the traffic ranks had reversed, with ResearchGate ranked in the top 150–200 websites globally according to Alexa Internet, whereas Academia.edu was positioned in the 200–300 range.[citation needed] Unpaywall, which collects data about open access versions of academic publications and provides easy access to them, is also considered a competitor to Academia.edu.[14]

Publishing

As of 2024, Academia.edu Journals has launched 12 open-access journals that publish articles in various scientific fields, including medicine. As a gold open-access publisher, all articles are freely available.[15]

All journals waived article processing charges for authors during the first year that a journal was launched, and continue to waive these fees for authors who come from eligible countries or can prove difficulty with paying due to lack of funding.[16]

Currently, the following journals are published:[17]

Title ISSN Launch
Academia Biology ISSN 2837-4010 2023, March
Academia Engineering ISSN 2994-7065 2023, June
Academia Environmental Sciences and Sustainability ISSN 2997-6006 2023, November
Academia Green Energy ISSN 2998-3665 2023, August
Academia Materials Science ISSN 2997-2027 2023, October
Academia Medicine ISSN 2994-435X 2023, June
Academia Mental Health and Well-Being ISSN 2997-9196 2023, December
Academia Molecular Biology and Genomics Pending 2024, May
Academia Nano: Science, Materials, Technology Pending 2024, March
Academia Nutrition and Dietetics Pending 2024
Academia Oncology Pending 2024, February
Academia Quantum Pending 2024, May

Criticism

Academia.edu is not a university or institution for higher learning and so under current standards it would not qualify for the ".edu" top-level domain. However, since the domain name "Academia.edu" was registered in 1999, before the regulations required .edu domain names to be held solely by accredited post-secondary institutions in the US, it is allowed to remain active and operational. All .edu domain names registered before 2001 were grandfathered in, even if not an accredited USA post-secondary institution.[18][19]

According to the University of Oklahoma libraries, when interacting with Academia.edu, users should keep in mind that "you are not the customer," but rather "you are the product that these services seek to monetize and/or 'offer up' to advertisers," that "you might be breaking the law," even if you are uploading your own work, and finally that "there are privacy implications," because a commercial site does not follow professional standards and "may share information about you".[20]

A critic, Kathleen Fitzpatrick, the director of scholarly communication at the Modern Language Association, said she found the use of the ".edu" domain name by Academia.edu to be "extremely problematic", since it might mislead users into thinking the site is part of an accredited educational institution rather than a for-profit company.[19]

Academia.edu claims it supports the open science or open access movements and, in particular, instant distribution of research, and a peer-review system that occurs alongside distribution, instead of before it.[21] Accordingly, the company stated its opposition to the proposed (since withdrawn) 2011 U.S. Research Works Act, which would have prevented open-access mandates in the U.S.[22]

However, in the view of critic Peter Suber, Academia.edu is not an open access repository and is not recommended as a way to pursue green open access. Peter Suber instead invites researchers to use field-specific repositories or general-purpose repositories like Zenodo.[23]

In early 2016, some users reported having received e-mails from Academia.edu where they were asked if they would be interested in paying a fee to have their papers recommended by the website's editors.[24] This led some users to start a campaign encouraging users to cancel their Academia.edu accounts.[25]

Other criticisms include the fact that Academia.edu uses a vendor lock-in model: "It's up to Academia.edu to decide what you can and can't do with the information you've given them, and they're not likely to make it easy for alternative methods to access".[25] This is in reference to the fact that, although papers can be read by non-users, a free account is needed in order to download papers: "you need to be logged in to do most of the useful things on the site (even as a casual reader)".[25]

In December 2016, Academia.edu announced new premium features that includes data analytics on work and the professional rank of the viewers,[26] which have also received criticism.[27][28]

References

  1. ^ "Our Mission". Academia.edu. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
  2. ^ "Academia.edu | About". www.academia.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  3. ^ Duffy, Brooke Erin; Pooley, Jefferson D. (January 2017). ""Facebook for Academics": The Convergence of Self-Branding and Social Media Logic on Academia.edu". Social Media + Society. 3 (1): 205630511769652. doi:10.1177/2056305117696523.
  4. ^ Talbot-Stokes, Ruth. "LibGuides: Researcher Identifiers, Profiles and Social Networks: Academia.edu". libguides.newcastle.edu.au. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
  5. ^ Academia.edu. "About". Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  6. ^ Jack, Andrew (February 21, 2022). "Tencent-backed academic network to launch 'open access' journals". Financial Times. Archived from the original on February 23, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  7. ^ Price, Richard. "Richard Price". Entrepreneur. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
  8. ^ "Academia Inc". EDGAR. SEC. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  9. ^ Parr, Chris (June 12, 2014). "Sharing is a way of life for millions on Academia.edu". Times Higher Education. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved September 14, 2015.
  10. ^ Howard, Jennifer (December 6, 2013). "Posting Your Latest Article? You Might Have to Take It Down". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2015.
  11. ^ Clarke, Michael (December 11, 2013). "The End of an Era for Academia.edu and Other Academic Networks?". The Scholarly Kitchen. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  12. ^ Matthews, David (April 7, 2016). "Do academic social networks share academics' interests?". Times Higher Education. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  13. ^ Satariano, Adam (November 15, 2016). "Bill Gates-Backed Research Network Targets Advertising Revenue". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on November 30, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  14. ^ Dhakal, Kerry (April 15, 2019). "Unpaywall". Journal of the Medical Library Association. 107 (2): 286–288. doi:10.5195/jmla.2019.650. PMC 6466485.
  15. ^ "Open access policy - Academia Biology - Academia.edu". www.academia.edu. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  16. ^ "Article processing charges - Academia Biology - Academia.edu". www.academia.edu. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  17. ^ "Academia.edu Journals | All Journals - Academia.edu". www.academia.edu. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  18. ^ "edu Policy Information". Net.educause.edu. October 29, 2001. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  19. ^ a b McKenna, Laura (December 17, 2015). "The Convoluted Profits of Academic Publishing". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on December 19, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  20. ^ Understanding Academia.Edu and Researchgate Archived April 19, 2022, at the Wayback Machine University of Oklahoma University Libraries
  21. ^ Richard Price (February 5, 2012). "The Future of Peer Review". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on April 30, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  22. ^ Richard Price (February 15, 2012). "The Dangerous "Research Works Act"". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on March 12, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  23. ^ Peter Suber (2016). "Open Access book §10 self help". Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  24. ^ "Scholars Criticize Academia.edu Proposal to Charge Authors for Recommendations". The Chronicle of Higher Education. January 29, 2016. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  25. ^ a b c "Should you #DeleteAcademiaEdu? On the role of commercial services in scholarly communication". Impact of Social Sciences. February 1, 2016. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  26. ^ Team, The Academia edu (December 20, 2016). "How do people find your papers? Academia.edu Introduces a New Premium Feature". Medium. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  27. ^ "Academia, Not Edu". Planned Obsolescence. October 26, 2015. Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  28. ^ "The end of Academia.edu: how business takes over, again". diggit magazine. April 26, 2017. Archived from the original on May 1, 2017. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
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