Belgrade Metro: Difference between revisions
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The '''Belgrade Metro''' is a planned [[rapid transit]] system in |
The '''Belgrade Metro''' is a planned [[rapid transit]] system in [[Belgrade]], the capital city of [[Serbia]]. Belgrade is one of the few remaining large [[Europe]]an capitals with a population of a million or more that has no such system. Construction of the full metro has been delayed repeatedly. |
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The traditional benchmark for building a Metro system in a city is that the city should have at least a million people. In Belgrade this has not been the case, despite the fact that the city crossed the benchmark of one million inhabitants a long time ago ([[Demographics of Serbia|last census]]: 1,630,000). Population density, which is already exceptionally high, brings unbearable traffic jams, while the existing public transport system is incapable of shuttling passengers from one outlying end of the city to another efficiently. At the same time, the suburban railway system [[Beovoz]] cannot meet its expected role, due to inadequate infrastructure (small number and inconvenience of stations within city), and obsolete rolling stock. |
The traditional benchmark for building a Metro system in a city is that the city should have at least a million people. In Belgrade this has not been the case, despite the fact that the city crossed the benchmark of one million inhabitants a long time ago ([[Demographics of Serbia|last census]]: 1,630,000). Population density, which is already exceptionally high, brings unbearable traffic jams, while the existing public transport system is incapable of shuttling passengers from one outlying end of the city to another efficiently. At the same time, the suburban railway system [[Beovoz]] cannot meet its expected role, due to inadequate infrastructure (small number and inconvenience of stations within city), and obsolete rolling stock. |
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This project is considered to be the third most important in the country, after work on roads and railways. The two projects which have priority are the [[Belgrade bypass]] and [[Pan-European Corridor X]]. |
This project is considered to be the third most important in the country, after work on roads and railways. The two projects which have priority are the [[Belgrade bypass]] and [[Pan-European Corridor X]]. |
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== |
==History== |
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===1950s & 1960s - the Beginnings=== |
===1950s & 1960s - the Beginnings=== |
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City planners have been contemplating the possibility of introducing a metro into Belgrade’s transit system since the 1950s. Several ideas have been discussed since the 1950s "General Urban Plan" discussions as to how to build the metro.<ref name="vreme0797">{{cite news |
City planners have been contemplating the possibility of introducing a metro into Belgrade’s transit system since the 1950s. Several ideas have been discussed since the 1950s "General Urban Plan" discussions as to how to build the metro.<ref name="vreme0797">{{cite news|url=http://www.scc.rutgers.edu/serbian_digest/300/t300-6.htm|title =Lightly made promises|author=Uroš Komlenović|newspaper=[[Vreme]]|work=Issue 300|date=1997-07-05|accessdate=2010-10-19}}</ref> The first plan came in 1958, when architect Nikola Dobrovic suggested a line that runs along Kalimegdan, [[Terazije]], [[Slavija (Belgrade)|Slavija]], and [[Čubura]]. |
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In 1968 a comprehensive plan came about, led by Savo Janjic. |
In 1968 a comprehensive plan came about, led by Savo Janjic. The plan called for three lines, totaling a length of 33 kilometers, with 35 stations.<ref name="ekonomist0304">{{cite web|url=http://www.ekonomist.co.rs/magazin/em200/sic/sic7.htm|language=Serbian|title=Laki metro: Težak ispit|author=Biljana Korica Vukaјlović|publisher=Ekonomist|work=Issue 200|date=2004-04-22|accessdate=2007-09-25}}{{dead link|date=October 2010}}</ref><ref name="janjic">''Јanjić'', p. 98–104 and grid plan.</ref> |
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===1970s=== |
===1970s=== |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Words started turning into deeds in the 1970s, during the tenure of Mayor Branko Pešić, when the decision was made to build the new Belgrade railway junction, which would include tunnels under Vračar and Dedinje. Upon completion of the railway junction, construction of a subway system was planned in accordance with plans made by the team led by Branislav Jovin, Belgrade’s chief urban planner. |
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| ⚫ | Words started turning into deeds in the 1970s, during the tenure of Mayor Branko Pešić, when the decision was made to build the new Belgrade railway junction, which would include tunnels under [[Vračar]] and [[Dedinje]]. Upon completion of the railway junction, construction of a subway system was planned in accordance with plans made by the team led by Branislav Jovin, Belgrade’s chief urban planner. |
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| ⚫ | |||
The most comprehensive plan came about in the 1970s, but none of this came to existence. In the 1976 plan, the planners envisaged five different metro lines. |
The most comprehensive plan came about in the 1970s, but none of this came to existence. In the 1976 plan, the planners envisaged five different metro lines. |
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===1980s - towards a Tram Alternative=== |
===1980s - towards a Tram Alternative=== |
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In December 1981, the plan Metro Belgrade was finished and was presented to the city council in 1982. One of the ideas was that the [[Soviet Union]] could build the metro, and in doing so free itself of debt owed to |
In December 1981, the plan Metro Belgrade was finished and was presented to the city council in 1982. One of the ideas was that the [[Soviet Union]] could build the metro, and in doing so free itself of debt owed to [[SFRY|Yugoslavia]]. This was however opposed by the republics [[Slovenia]] and [[Croatia]]. Due to their objections, this plan has never been carried out.<ref name="vreme0797"/> |
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The original subway construction plan from 1976 was abandoned, in favor of the expansion of the existing [[Belgrade tram system]] network in 1982. This brought the first chapter of the idea to build a subway system in Belgrade to an ignominious end. The same project was later re-launched a number of times, but it was used for short-term political gains. |
The original subway construction plan from 1976 was abandoned, in favor of the expansion of the existing [[Belgrade tram system]] network in 1982. This brought the first chapter of the idea to build a subway system in Belgrade to an ignominious end. The same project was later re-launched a number of times, but it was used for short-term political gains. |
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===1990s=== |
===1990s=== |
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Economic crisis facing Yugoslavia in the late 1980s became worse in the 1990s. War in neighbouring |
Economic crisis facing Yugoslavia in the late 1980s became worse in the 1990s. [[Yugoslav Wars|War]] in the neighbouring republics and economic sanctions only helped to make things worse. Yet, discussion of a metro system returned, after the completion of the [[Belgrade railway junction]], in 1995. According to officials' talks on the bridge across the [[Sava]] river for the metro was planned in 1998. |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | At first, two underground stations, [[Vukov Spomenik Station|Vukov Spomenik]] (at 43 meters depth) and [[Karađorđev park]] were opened in 1995 and integrated into the suburban rail system of Beovoz. These are located in tunnels which were constructed for the abandoned metro project and they resemble conventional column metro stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niskogradnja.co.rs/reference/podzemna_n.html |
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| ⚫ | At first, two underground stations, [[Vukov Spomenik Station|Vukov Spomenik]] (at 43 meters depth) and [[Karađorđev park]] were opened in 1995 and integrated into the suburban rail system of [[Beovoz]]. These are located in tunnels which were constructed for the abandoned metro project and they resemble conventional column metro stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niskogradnja.co.rs/reference/podzemna_n.html|title=Energoprojekt|publisher=Niskogradnja|date=|accessdate=2011-01-08}}</ref> |
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However, the country was bombed in 1999. This exacerbated an already difficult financial situation, resulting in metro plans being indefinitely postponed. |
However, the country was bombed in 1999. This exacerbated an already difficult financial situation, resulting in metro plans being indefinitely postponed. |
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=== |
===2004 - Light Rail=== |
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[[ |
[[File:Belgrade metro Red.png|thumb|right|250px|2004 Belgrade Metro plan.]] |
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| ⚫ | On July 3, 2004,<ref name="Urban Rail">{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/bel/beograd.htm|author=Urban Rail|title=Belgrade Metro Project|month=|year=2004|accessdate=2009-09-09}}</ref> a new "[[BELAM]]" ({{lang-sr|Београдски лаки метро}} / ''Beogradski laki metro'') plan was presented to the public. After hiring two companies to do a study; [[Juginus]], a company from Belgrade, and the Spanish [[Ineco]], a conclusion was reached that a light rail system should be built. Construction was included into the city's new general plan of 2003 and construction was intended to start in 2006. The opening of the first section was due for 2012 with all two lines complete by 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/bel/beograd.htm|title= Belgrade Metro project|publisher=UrbanRail.Net |date=2004-07-03|accessdate=2011-01-08}}</ref> |
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====2004 Plan - Light Rail, Belam==== |
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| ⚫ | On July 3, 2004,<ref name="Urban Rail">{{cite web |
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This decision was severely criticized by a large number of urban planners, led by Branislav Jovin, while architects close to city authorities were advocating the construction, resulting in a substantial polarization between the opponents and proponents of the light metro plan. Announcements were made that the construction would start next spring. Yet, this never came, and the plan for the construction of the light railway system inconspicuously faded out. |
This decision was severely criticized by a large number of urban planners, led by Branislav Jovin, while architects close to city authorities were advocating the construction, resulting in a substantial polarization between the opponents and proponents of the light metro plan. Announcements were made that the construction would start next spring. Yet, this never came, and the plan for the construction of the light railway system inconspicuously faded out. |
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In late 2008, Belgrade's major, [[Dragan Đilas]], announced that a metro along the lines of the 1976 plan would be more likely than a light metro. At the session of the National Council for infrastructure, the Belgrade Metro is, according to the Minister for infrastructure Milutin Mrkonjić, the third most important project in Serbia, after road and railway networks. Though the Metro became a national issue, there are still no definite plans. |
In late 2008, Belgrade's major, [[Dragan Đilas]], announced that a metro along the lines of the 1976 plan would be more likely than a light metro. At the session of the National Council for infrastructure, the Belgrade Metro is, according to the Minister for infrastructure Milutin Mrkonjić, the third most important project in Serbia, after road and railway networks. Though the Metro became a national issue, there are still no definite plans. |
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In 2010 it was stated that construction of the Metro would begin in two years. The first line will be an east-west line, going above ground in Novi Beograd and under ground in the centre and neighbouring districts. The second line is planned from north to south, going underground in the centre through the already constructed tunnels. Two lines would cross in the city centre near the incomplete main railway station Beograd Centar (Prokop).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/business-article.php?yyyy=2010&mm=05&dd=15&nav_id=67156 |
In 2010 it was stated that construction of the Metro would begin in two years. The first line will be an east-west line, going above ground in [[Novi Beograd]] and under ground in the centre and neighbouring districts. The second line is planned from north to south, going underground in the centre through the already constructed tunnels. Two lines would cross in the city centre near the incomplete main railway station Beograd Centar (Prokop).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/business-article.php?yyyy=2010&mm=05&dd=15&nav_id=67156|title=News - Mayor: Construction of metro to begin in two years|publisher=B92|date=2010-05-15|accessdate=2011-01-08}}</ref> |
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Funding |
Funding has not been allocated for the project yet, but it is expected that French or Russian funding sources will be used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trud.ru/issue/article.php?id=200212182250301|title=Trid newspaper: To build the metro in Belgrade|publisher=Trud.ru|date=|accessdate=2011-01-08}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[BELAM]] |
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*[[Beovoz]] |
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*[[List of rapid transit systems]] |
*[[List of rapid transit systems]] |
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*[http://transphoto.ru/photo/330985/ Map] |
*[http://transphoto.ru/photo/330985/ Map] |
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*[http://transphoto.ru/articles/1868/ Photos of stations and trains] |
*[http://transphoto.ru/articles/1868/ Photos of stations and trains] |
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{{Belgrade}} |
{{Belgrade}} |
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{{Urban Rail transportation in the former Yugoslavia}} |
{{Urban Rail transportation in the former Yugoslavia}} |
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Revision as of 00:08, 18 November 2011
| Belgrade Metro | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Transit type | Rapid transit |
The Belgrade Metro is a planned rapid transit system in Belgrade, the capital city of Serbia. Belgrade is one of the few remaining large European capitals with a population of a million or more that has no such system. Construction of the full metro has been delayed repeatedly.
The traditional benchmark for building a Metro system in a city is that the city should have at least a million people. In Belgrade this has not been the case, despite the fact that the city crossed the benchmark of one million inhabitants a long time ago (last census: 1,630,000). Population density, which is already exceptionally high, brings unbearable traffic jams, while the existing public transport system is incapable of shuttling passengers from one outlying end of the city to another efficiently. At the same time, the suburban railway system Beovoz cannot meet its expected role, due to inadequate infrastructure (small number and inconvenience of stations within city), and obsolete rolling stock.
This project is considered to be the third most important in the country, after work on roads and railways. The two projects which have priority are the Belgrade bypass and Pan-European Corridor X.
History
1950s & 1960s - the Beginnings
City planners have been contemplating the possibility of introducing a metro into Belgrade’s transit system since the 1950s. Several ideas have been discussed since the 1950s "General Urban Plan" discussions as to how to build the metro.[1] The first plan came in 1958, when architect Nikola Dobrovic suggested a line that runs along Kalimegdan, Terazije, Slavija, and Čubura.
In 1968 a comprehensive plan came about, led by Savo Janjic. The plan called for three lines, totaling a length of 33 kilometers, with 35 stations.[2][3]
1970s
Words started turning into deeds in the 1970s, during the tenure of Mayor Branko Pešić, when the decision was made to build the new Belgrade railway junction, which would include tunnels under Vračar and Dedinje. Upon completion of the railway junction, construction of a subway system was planned in accordance with plans made by the team led by Branislav Jovin, Belgrade’s chief urban planner.
The most comprehensive plan came about in the 1970s, but none of this came to existence. In the 1976 plan, the planners envisaged five different metro lines.
1980s - towards a Tram Alternative
In December 1981, the plan Metro Belgrade was finished and was presented to the city council in 1982. One of the ideas was that the Soviet Union could build the metro, and in doing so free itself of debt owed to Yugoslavia. This was however opposed by the republics Slovenia and Croatia. Due to their objections, this plan has never been carried out.[1]
The original subway construction plan from 1976 was abandoned, in favor of the expansion of the existing Belgrade tram system network in 1982. This brought the first chapter of the idea to build a subway system in Belgrade to an ignominious end. The same project was later re-launched a number of times, but it was used for short-term political gains.
1990s
Economic crisis facing Yugoslavia in the late 1980s became worse in the 1990s. War in the neighbouring republics and economic sanctions only helped to make things worse. Yet, discussion of a metro system returned, after the completion of the Belgrade railway junction, in 1995. According to officials' talks on the bridge across the Sava river for the metro was planned in 1998.
At first, two underground stations, Vukov Spomenik (at 43 meters depth) and Karađorđev park were opened in 1995 and integrated into the suburban rail system of Beovoz. These are located in tunnels which were constructed for the abandoned metro project and they resemble conventional column metro stations.[4]
However, the country was bombed in 1999. This exacerbated an already difficult financial situation, resulting in metro plans being indefinitely postponed.
2004 - Light Rail
On July 3, 2004,[5] a new "BELAM" (Serbian: Београдски лаки метро / Beogradski laki metro) plan was presented to the public. After hiring two companies to do a study; Juginus, a company from Belgrade, and the Spanish Ineco, a conclusion was reached that a light rail system should be built. Construction was included into the city's new general plan of 2003 and construction was intended to start in 2006. The opening of the first section was due for 2012 with all two lines complete by 2021.[6]
This decision was severely criticized by a large number of urban planners, led by Branislav Jovin, while architects close to city authorities were advocating the construction, resulting in a substantial polarization between the opponents and proponents of the light metro plan. Announcements were made that the construction would start next spring. Yet, this never came, and the plan for the construction of the light railway system inconspicuously faded out.
As time went on beyond 2004, the plan was altered. The light metro was to have three lines. Construction was supposedly set to begin in 2008, the first line opening in 2013 at a cost of 450 million euros.
In late 2008, Belgrade's major, Dragan Đilas, announced that a metro along the lines of the 1976 plan would be more likely than a light metro. At the session of the National Council for infrastructure, the Belgrade Metro is, according to the Minister for infrastructure Milutin Mrkonjić, the third most important project in Serbia, after road and railway networks. Though the Metro became a national issue, there are still no definite plans.
In 2010 it was stated that construction of the Metro would begin in two years. The first line will be an east-west line, going above ground in Novi Beograd and under ground in the centre and neighbouring districts. The second line is planned from north to south, going underground in the centre through the already constructed tunnels. Two lines would cross in the city centre near the incomplete main railway station Beograd Centar (Prokop).[7]
Funding has not been allocated for the project yet, but it is expected that French or Russian funding sources will be used.[8]
See also
References
- ^ a b Uroš Komlenović (1997-07-05). "Lightly made promises". Vreme. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
{{cite news}}: More than one of|work=and|newspaper=specified (help) - ^ Biljana Korica Vukaјlović (2004-04-22). "Laki metro: Težak ispit". Issue 200 (in Serbian). Ekonomist. Retrieved 2007-09-25.[dead link]
- ^ Јanjić, p. 98–104 and grid plan.
- ^ "Energoprojekt". Niskogradnja. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
- ^ Urban Rail (2004). "Belgrade Metro Project". Retrieved 2009-09-09.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|month=(help) - ^ "Belgrade Metro project". UrbanRail.Net. 2004-07-03. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
- ^ "News - Mayor: Construction of metro to begin in two years". B92. 2010-05-15. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
- ^ "Trid newspaper: To build the metro in Belgrade". Trud.ru. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
External links
Template:Belgrade Template:Urban Rail transportation in the former Yugoslavia