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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}} |
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{{Year dab|1188}} |
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{{Year nav|1188}} |
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{{C12 year in topic}} |
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[[File:Crac des chevaliers syria.jpeg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Krak des Chevaliers]] by [[Al-Husn, Syria|Al-Husn]] ([[Syria]])]] |
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== Events == |
== Events == |
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* [[Saladin]] unsuccessfully besieges the [[Knights Hospitaller|Hospitaller]] fortress of [[Krak des Chevaliers]], in modern [[Syria]]. |
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* [[Newgate Prison]] is built in [[London]]. |
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* [[Richard I of England|Richard Lionheart]] allies with [[Philip II of France]] against his father, [[Henry II of England]]. |
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* The "[[Saladin tithe]]" is levied in [[Kingdom of England|England]]. |
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* [[Alfonso IX of León]] becomes king of Leon. |
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* Queen [[Tamar of Georgia]] marries [[David Soslan]]. |
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* The legendary [[Cutting of the elm]] occurs at [[Gisors]], in [[Normandy]]. |
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* [[Alfonso IX of León]] convenes at the [[Basilica of San Isidoro]] the Cortes of León, with representatives of the nobility, clergy and towns. These Corteses are considered to be the first parliament in [[Europe]]. |
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=== By place === |
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==== Europe ==== |
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* [[January 22]] – King [[Ferdinand II of León|Ferdinand II]] dies after returning from a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Santiago de Compostela]]. He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son [[Alfonso IX of León|Alfonso IX]], who becomes ruler of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]]. He convenes representatives of the nobility, clergy and towns at the [[Basilica of San Isidoro]] the Cortes of León. These Corteses are considered to be the first parliament in [[Europe]]. |
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* Spring – King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] and [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ('''Augustus''') meet at [[Le Mans]], with Archbishop [[Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre|Josias]] (or '''Joscius''') in attendance. Both kings agree to peace terms, and to contribute to a joint Crusade. It is decided to raise a new tax to pay for the expedition. This tax, known as the [[Saladin tithe|Saladin Tithe]], is imposed on the people of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] to raise funds for the [[Third Crusade]]. |
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* [[March 27]] – Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa''') holds a [[Curia Christi|Diet at Mainz]] and takes the Cross, followed by his 21-year-old son, [[Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia|Frederick IV]], and other German nobles. He sends a delegation to present an ultimatum to [[Saladin]] in [[Syria]] on [[May 26]]. With demands to withdraw his Muslim forces from [[Palestina (region)|Palestina]] and to return the [[True Cross]] to the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]]. |
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* [[November]] – [[Richard I of England|Richard of Poitou]], son of Henry II, allies himself with Philip II and pays him homage. He promises to concede his rights to both [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] and [[County of Anjou|Anjou]]. Henry is overpowered by Richard's supporters, who chase him from Le Mans to [[Angers]]. They force him to accept peace by conceding to all demands, including the recognition of Richard as his successor.<ref>Warren, W. L. (2000). ''Henry II'' (Yale ed.), pp. 621–622. New Haven, U.S.: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-08474-0}}.</ref> |
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* The [[Cutting of the elm|Cutting of the Elm]]: A meeting of Henry II and Philip II in the field at [[Gisors]], in Normandy. It marks the Franco-Norman peace negotiations, following the [[Siege of Jerusalem (1187)|Fall of Jerusalem]] (see [[1187]]). |
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==== Levant ==== |
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* Spring – [[Siege of Tyre (1187)|Siege of Tyre]]: Muslim forces under Saladin withdraw from [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] after a 1½-month siege. For the Crusaders, the city-port becomes a strategic rallying point for the Christian revival during the Third Crusade. |
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* [[May 14]] – Saladin begins a campaign and marches north but finds [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]] too strong to be besieged. He decides to take other Crusader fortifications and signs an 8-month truce with Prince [[Bohemond III of Antioch]]. |
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* [[May]] – Saladin besieges the [[Knights Hospitaller|Hospitaller]] fortress of [[Krak des Chevaliers]], in Syria. Seeing that the castle is too well defended, instead he decides to march on the Castle of [[Margat]], which he also fails to capture.<ref>Kennedy, Hugh (1994). ''Crusader Castles'', p. 147. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-42068-7}}.</ref> |
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* [[July]] – Saladin marches through the [[Beqaa Valley|Buqaia]], and occupies [[Jableh|Jabala]] and [[Latakia|Lattakieh]]. From Lattakieh he turns inland and, after a few days of fierce fighting, takes [[Sahyun Castle]] (called '''Castle of Saladin''') on [[July 29]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 383. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref> |
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* [[September 4]] – King [[Guy of Lusignan]] is released by Saladin after [[Ascalon]] is forced to surrender. Guy and his wife, Queen [[Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem|Sibylla of Jerusalem]], seek refuge in Tyre, which is defended by [[Conrad of Montferrat]]. |
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==== England ==== |
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* Spring – Henry II institutes legal reforms that give the [[The Crown|Crown]] more control over the administration of justice. He orders [[Newgate Prison]] be built in [[London]].<ref>Halliday, Stephen (2007). ''Newgate: London's Prototype of Hell''. The History Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7509-3896-9}}.</ref> |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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* [[March 4]] – [[Blanche of Castile]], queen and regent of France (d. [[1252]]) |
* [[March 4]] – [[Blanche of Castile]], queen and [[regent]] of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (d. [[1252]]) |
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* [[March 24]] – [[Ferdinand, Count of Flanders|Ferdinand]] (or '''Ferrand'''), count of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] (d. [[1233]]) |
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* [[Albert IV, Count of Habsburg|Albert IV]] ('''the Wise'''), German [[Nobility|nobleman]] and knight (d. [[1239]]) |
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* [[Matilda I, Countess of Nevers|Matilda I]], countess of [[County and Duchy of Nevers|Nevers]], [[County of Auxerre|Auxerre]] and [[County of Tonnerre|Tonnerre]] (d. [[1257]]) |
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* [[Si Inthrathit]], Thai founder of the [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] (d. [[1270]]) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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* [[January 22]] – [[Ferdinand II of León]] (b. 1137) |
* [[January 22]] – [[Ferdinand II of León|Ferdinand II]], king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] (b. [[1137]]) |
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* [[January 26]] – [[Eysteinn Erlendsson]], Norwegian archbishop<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Øystein Erlendsson |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|first=Audun |last=Dybdahl |authorlink= |editor=[[Knut Helle|Helle, Knut]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=https://nbl.snl.no/%C3%98ystein_Erlendsson |language=Norwegian |accessdate=22 July 2015 }}</ref> |
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* [[October 11]] – [[Robert I, Count of Dreux]], son of [[Louis VI of France]] (b. c. [[1123]]) |
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* 1188 – Death of [[Seljuki Khatun]] |
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* [[ |
* [[October 11]] – [[Robert I, Count of Dreux|Robert I]] ('''the Great'''), count of [[Dreux]] (b. [[1123]]) |
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* [[November 4]] – [[Theobald of Ostia]], French [[abbot]] and bishop |
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* [[November 17]] – [[Usama ibn Munqidh]], Arabian poet and [[Furusiyya|knight]] (b. [[1095]]) |
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* [[December 14]] – [[Berthold I of Istria|Berthold I]], margrave of [[March of Istria|Istria]] and [[Carniola]] |
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* [[December 22]] – [[Richard of Ilchester]], bishop of [[Diocese of Winchester|Winchester]] |
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* [[Aoife MacMurrough]] (or '''Eva'''), princess of [[Leinster]] (b. [[1145]]) |
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* [[Guigo II]], prior of the [[Grande Chartreuse|Grande Chatreuse]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Colledge, O.S.A. |first1=Edmund |last2=Walsh, S.J. |first2=James |title=The ladder of monks: A letter on the contemplative life and Twelve Meditations |date=1981 |publisher=Kalamazoo, Mich. : Cistercian Publications |isbn=978-0-87907-848-5|page=3 |url=https://archive.org/details/ladderofmonkslet0000guig/mode/2up?view=theater |access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[Hugh the Chaplain]], bishop of [[Archdiocese of St Andrews|Cell Rigmonaid (St. Andrews)]] |
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* [[Roger de Mowbray (died 1188)|Roger de Mowbray]], English nobleman and knight (b. [[1120]]) |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Latest revision as of 20:26, 25 April 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2018) |
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1188 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1188 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1188 MCLXXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1941 |
| Armenian calendar | 637 ԹՎ ՈԼԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5938 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1109–1110 |
| Bengali calendar | 595 |
| Berber calendar | 2138 |
| English Regnal year | 34 Hen. 2 – 35 Hen. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1732 |
| Burmese calendar | 550 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6696–6697 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁未年 (Fire Goat) 3885 or 3678 — to — 戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 3886 or 3679 |
| Coptic calendar | 904–905 |
| Discordian calendar | 2354 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1180–1181 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4948–4949 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1244–1245 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1109–1110 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4288–4289 |
| Holocene calendar | 11188 |
| Igbo calendar | 188–189 |
| Iranian calendar | 566–567 |
| Islamic calendar | 583–584 |
| Japanese calendar | Bunji 4 (文治４年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1095–1096 |
| Julian calendar | 1188 MCLXXXVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3521 |
| Minguo calendar | 724 before ROC 民前724年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −280 |
| Seleucid era | 1499/1500 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1730–1731 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火羊年 (female Fire-Goat) 1314 or 933 or 161 — to — 阳土猴年 (male Earth-Monkey) 1315 or 934 or 162 |
Year 1188 (MCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Europe
[edit]- January 22 – King Ferdinand II dies after returning from a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Alfonso IX, who becomes ruler of León and Galicia. He convenes representatives of the nobility, clergy and towns at the Basilica of San Isidoro the Cortes of León. These Corteses are considered to be the first parliament in Europe.
- Spring – King Henry II and Philip II (Augustus) meet at Le Mans, with Archbishop Josias (or Joscius) in attendance. Both kings agree to peace terms, and to contribute to a joint Crusade. It is decided to raise a new tax to pay for the expedition. This tax, known as the Saladin Tithe, is imposed on the people of England and France to raise funds for the Third Crusade.
- March 27 – Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) holds a Diet at Mainz and takes the Cross, followed by his 21-year-old son, Frederick IV, and other German nobles. He sends a delegation to present an ultimatum to Saladin in Syria on May 26. With demands to withdraw his Muslim forces from Palestina and to return the True Cross to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
- November – Richard of Poitou, son of Henry II, allies himself with Philip II and pays him homage. He promises to concede his rights to both Normandy and Anjou. Henry is overpowered by Richard's supporters, who chase him from Le Mans to Angers. They force him to accept peace by conceding to all demands, including the recognition of Richard as his successor.[1]
- The Cutting of the Elm: A meeting of Henry II and Philip II in the field at Gisors, in Normandy. It marks the Franco-Norman peace negotiations, following the Fall of Jerusalem (see 1187).
Levant
[edit]- Spring – Siege of Tyre: Muslim forces under Saladin withdraw from Tyre after a 1½-month siege. For the Crusaders, the city-port becomes a strategic rallying point for the Christian revival during the Third Crusade.
- May 14 – Saladin begins a campaign and marches north but finds Tripoli too strong to be besieged. He decides to take other Crusader fortifications and signs an 8-month truce with Prince Bohemond III of Antioch.
- May – Saladin besieges the Hospitaller fortress of Krak des Chevaliers, in Syria. Seeing that the castle is too well defended, instead he decides to march on the Castle of Margat, which he also fails to capture.[2]
- July – Saladin marches through the Buqaia, and occupies Jabala and Lattakieh. From Lattakieh he turns inland and, after a few days of fierce fighting, takes Sahyun Castle (called Castle of Saladin) on July 29.[3]
- September 4 – King Guy of Lusignan is released by Saladin after Ascalon is forced to surrender. Guy and his wife, Queen Sibylla of Jerusalem, seek refuge in Tyre, which is defended by Conrad of Montferrat.
England
[edit]- Spring – Henry II institutes legal reforms that give the Crown more control over the administration of justice. He orders Newgate Prison be built in London.[4]
- Archdeacon Giraldus Cambrensis and Archbishop Baldwin of Forde travel through Wales, attempting to recruit men for the Third Crusade.
Births
[edit]- March 4 – Blanche of Castile, queen and regent of France (d. 1252)
- March 24 – Ferdinand (or Ferrand), count of Flanders (d. 1233)
- November 26 – Yuri II of Vladimir, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1238)
- Albert IV (the Wise), German nobleman and knight (d. 1239)
- Matilda I, countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre (d. 1257)
- Si Inthrathit, Thai founder of the Sukhothai Kingdom (d. 1270)
Deaths
[edit]- January 22 – Ferdinand II, king of León and Galicia (b. 1137)
- January 26 – Eysteinn Erlendsson, Norwegian archbishop[5]
- 1188 – Death of Seljuki Khatun
- October 11 – Robert I (the Great), count of Dreux (b. 1123)
- November 4 – Theobald of Ostia, French abbot and bishop
- November 17 – Usama ibn Munqidh, Arabian poet and knight (b. 1095)
- December 14 – Berthold I, margrave of Istria and Carniola
- December 22 – Richard of Ilchester, bishop of Winchester
- Aoife MacMurrough (or Eva), princess of Leinster (b. 1145)
- Guigo II, prior of the Grande Chatreuse[6]
- Hugh the Chaplain, bishop of Cell Rigmonaid (St. Andrews)
- Roger de Mowbray, English nobleman and knight (b. 1120)
References
[edit]- ^ Warren, W. L. (2000). Henry II (Yale ed.), pp. 621–622. New Haven, U.S.: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08474-0.
- ^ Kennedy, Hugh (1994). Crusader Castles, p. 147. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42068-7.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 383. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- ^ Halliday, Stephen (2007). Newgate: London's Prototype of Hell. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-3896-9.
- ^ Dybdahl, Audun. "Øystein Erlendsson". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ Colledge, O.S.A., Edmund; Walsh, S.J., James (1981). The ladder of monks: A letter on the contemplative life and Twelve Meditations. Kalamazoo, Mich. : Cistercian Publications. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-87907-848-5. Retrieved March 8, 2024.