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State security roughhoused a [[BBC]] crew led by reporter Damian Grammaticas. According to Grammaticas' own account, they tried to grab equipment from the cameraman and took him 50 yards away into a police van. Grammaticas alleged the police then set on him, pulled him by the hair, generally roughly treated him, threw the crew into a van and threatened them during their transport to a government office.<ref name="BBC_grammaticas_bashed">{{Cite news | first=Damian | last=Grammaticas | pages= | language =| title=Calls for protests in China met with brutality | date=28 February 2011 |publisher=BBC | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12593328 |accessdate=28 February 2011|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wqKpToUM |archivedate=28 February 2011 |deadurl=no }}</ref>
State security roughhoused a [[BBC]] crew led by reporter Damian Grammaticas. According to Grammaticas' own account, they tried to grab equipment from the cameraman and took him 50 yards away into a police van. Grammaticas alleged the police then set on him, pulled him by the hair, generally roughly treated him, threw the crew into a van and threatened them during their transport to a government office.<ref name="BBC_grammaticas_bashed">{{Cite news | first=Damian | last=Grammaticas | pages= | language =| title=Calls for protests in China met with brutality | date=28 February 2011 |publisher=BBC | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12593328 |accessdate=28 February 2011|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wqKpToUM |archivedate=28 February 2011 |deadurl=no }}</ref>


A policeman hit a camera out of [[CNN]] producer Jo Kent's hand and six policemen physically forced Kent and CNN reporter Eunice Yoon to a bank branch. They released the journalists after half an hour.<ref name="CNN_JoKent">{{Cite news | first=Eunice | last=Yoon | pages= | language =| title=Getting harassed by the Chinese police | date=28 February 2011 |publisher=CNN | url=http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/28/getting-harassed-by-the-chinese-police/ |accessdate=28 February 2011 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wqMVjba1 |archivedate=28 February 2011 |deadurl=no }}</ref> An [[Asia Television Limited|ATV]] cameraman, reporter and [[Television Broadcasts Limited|TVB]] cameraman were allowed to leave Wangfujing shopping street after questioning. ATV news reported that their clips showing the rally site were deleted by officers.<ref name="asiaTV_video_deleted">[http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=10&art_id=108559&sid=31459309&con_type=3]</ref>
On February 28, CNN Beijing correspondent Eunice Yoon, Jo Ling Kent and crew headed out to Wangfujing to cover the <i>"response to anonymous calls on the Internet to stage protests and begin a Tunisia-style "Jasmine Revolution" in China".</i><ref>http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/28/getting-harassed-by-the-chinese-police/</ref> A policeman hit a camera out of [[CNN]] producer Jo Kent's hand and six policemen physically forced Kent and CNN reporter Eunice Yoon to a bank branch. They released the journalists after half an hour.<ref name="CNN_JoKent">{{Cite news | first=Eunice | last=Yoon | pages= | language =| title=Getting harassed by the Chinese police | date=28 February 2011 |publisher=CNN | url=http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/28/getting-harassed-by-the-chinese-police/ |accessdate=28 February 2011 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wqMVjba1 |archivedate=28 February 2011 |deadurl=no }}</ref> Eunice Yoon reported after the incident that <i>"What makes China's treatment of the international press so bewildering is that there had been no protests for us to cover here..... My own experience and those of my colleagues show how incredibly terrified and paranoid the Chinese authorities are"</i>.<ref>http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/28/getting-harassed-by-the-chinese-police/</ref> An [[Asia Television Limited|ATV]] cameraman, reporter and [[Television Broadcasts Limited|TVB]] cameraman were allowed to leave Wangfujing shopping street after questioning. ATV news reported that their clips showing the rally site were deleted by officers.<ref name="asiaTV_video_deleted">[http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=10&art_id=108559&sid=31459309&con_type=3]</ref>


====Shanghai====
====Shanghai====
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''Reuters'' said that the detentions and censorship of online discussion of the Middle Eastern protests suggests Beijing remains nonetheless nervous about any signs of opposition to one-party rule.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Buckley |first=Chris |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/24/us-china-unrest-idUSTRE71N06K20110224 |title=LinkedIn site disrupted in protest-wary China |publisher=Reuters |date=24 February 2011 |accessdate=28 February 2011}}</ref>
''Reuters'' said that the detentions and censorship of online discussion of the Middle Eastern protests suggests Beijing remains nonetheless nervous about any signs of opposition to one-party rule.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Buckley |first=Chris |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/24/us-china-unrest-idUSTRE71N06K20110224 |title=LinkedIn site disrupted in protest-wary China |publisher=Reuters |date=24 February 2011 |accessdate=28 February 2011}}</ref>


''[[CNN]]'' journalist Eunice Yoon, who was physically handled by police in Beijing on 27 February near the protest site, stated "My own experience and those of my colleagues show how incredibly terrified and paranoid the Chinese authorities are of any anti-government movement forming in China."<ref name="CNN_JoKent" />
''[[CNN]]'' journalist Eunice Yoon and her news crew headed out to Wangfujing to cover what she called the <i>"response to anonymous calls on the Internet to stage protests and begin a Tunisia-style "Jasmine Revolution" in China".</i><ref>http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/28/getting-harassed-by-the-chinese-police/</ref>, was physically handled by police in Beijing on 27 February at arrival near the protest site, but then stated <i>"What makes China's treatment of the international press so bewildering is that there had been no protests for us to cover here..... My own experience and those of my colleagues show how incredibly terrified and paranoid the Chinese authorities are of any anti-government movement forming in China."</i><ref name="CNN_JoKent" />


Following the approximately 15 arrests of foreign journalists on 6 March, ''[[The Australian]]'' described the attempts at organising a "Jasmine Revolution" in China as "the biggest showdown between Chinese authorities and foreign media in more than two decades."<ref name="australian" />
Following the approximately 15 arrests of foreign journalists on 6 March, ''[[The Australian]]'' described the attempts at organising a "Jasmine Revolution" in China as "the biggest showdown between Chinese authorities and foreign media in more than two decades."<ref name="australian" />

Revision as of 21:56, 10 March 2011

2011 Chinese protests
A large crowd of onlookers gathered in front of a McDonalds restaurant in Wangfujing, Beijing.
Date20 February 2011 – ongoing
Casualties
Injuries0
Arrested15

The 2011 Chinese protests[3] refer to calls by organs of the Chinese democracy movement for weekly pro-democracy street actions in over a dozen cities in People's Republic of China starting on 20 February 2011, inspired by and named after the Jasmine revolution in Tunisia;[4][5] the actions that took place at protest sites; and the preparations and response by the Chinese government to the calls and action.[5][6]

Recommended protest tactics changed from shouting slogans on 20 February to "strolling" on 27 February in order to minimize police reactions while sustaining the cycle of actions.[5] The number of protestors was low on the first occasion, where two cities responded out of the thirteen proposed. On the second Sunday, as the tactic changed to 'silent strolling' so that it would not be clear who were protestors and who were just regular shoppers. Police reacted with "huge"[7] security operations on 20 and 27 February. On 27 February in Beijing, at least four foreign journalists were physically beaten by plain-clothes police, including Stephen Engle of Bloomberg L.P.[7][8][9] and BBC reporter Damian Grammaticas,[8] while in Shanghai, protestors prevented police from making an arrest, obstructed police crowd control, spoke with foreign journalists and filmed the protest.[10] In late February, several human rights activists and lawyers were arrested[5] and five people were charged with inciting subversion of state power.[6] US ambassador Jon Huntsman, Jr. was spotted passing by with his family at the site of protest on 20 February.[11][12]

Protest aims

Initial call

The anonymous call for a 'Jasmine revolution' in China's major cities was made online, first on the Boxun.com website, run by overseas dissidents, and then on Twitter.[3][13] The initial call for protest began on 19 February 2011 when the gatherings were proposed to take place in 12 to 13 cities.[14] The Boxun.com appeal called for protests to take place each weekend,[4] arguing that "sustained action will show the Chinese government that its people expect accountability and transparency that doesn't exist under the current one-party system."[5]

City Location[15]
Harbin Front door of Harbin cinema
Changchun Culture Square, West Minzhu Street, front door of Corogo supermarket
Shenyang Nanjing-Bei (North Nanjing) Street, front door of KFC
Beijing McDonald's at Wangfujing
Tianjin Beneath the Tianjin drum tower
Xi'an Beida Street (北大), front door of Carrefour
Nanjing Drum tower square, Xiushui Street, department store front door
Shanghai People's square, front door of Peace Cinema
Chengdu Tianfu square, beneath Chairman Mao statue
Wuhan Liberation road, World trade square Mcdonalds front door
Hangzhou Wulin square, front door of Hangzhou department store
Changsha Wuyi square, Xinda building front door
Guangzhou People's park Starbucks

Slogans

A number of slogans were suggested for the protests.[15]

Translation in English Chinese
We want food to eat, we want work, we want housing! 我们要食物、我们要工作、我们要住房!
We want justice, we want righteousness! 我们要公平、我们要正义!
Guarantee property rights, protect judicial independence! 保障私有产权、维护司法独立!
Initiate change in political reform, end one party dictatorship! (or "Terminate one-party rule"[16]) 启动政治改革、结束一党专政![15] (or 停止一党专政)
Lift restrictions, free the press! 开放报禁、新闻自由!
Long life to freedom, long life to democracy! 自由万岁、民主万岁!

Protest strategy and tactics

On 2 March, the protestors declared a three-stage overall strategy. The first stage is a "warm-up stage", which could take "a few weeks, a couple of months, a year or even longer", in order to build up to a second stage which would include "holding a jasmine flower and [using] mobile phones or music players to play [the folk song] Such a Beautiful Jasmine". The third stage would occur when people criticise the government openly and without fear, "when the street-walking revolution is irreversible".[10]

Protest tactics planned for the 20 February gatherings included shouting "We want food, we want work, we want housing, we want fairness."[15] Tactics planned for 27 February consisted of obtaining large crowds without overt protest actions. Organisers stated on Boxun.com, "We invite every participant to stroll, watch or even just pretend to pass by. As long as you are present, the authoritarian government will be shaking with fear."[5] Tactics planned for 6 March were to "either gather near fast-food restaurants, take a stroll, or eat at the restaurants, ... [with] the code of action [being] the set meal No3 at the McDonald's and the KFC".[16]

Organisers' claims of success

Protest organisers published a statement on 2 March claiming, "Now China's government clearly shows its horror and fear of the people, as if facing a deadly enemy. A modest amount of people, just by walking, have demonstrated the people's power, and the government's response has revealed its weaknesses to the world."[10]

February 2011

20 February

File:0001.png
US ambassador Jon Huntsman, Jr. seen at the Beijing protest site on 20 February

According to the Associated Press, only "a handful of people" were known to have actively involved in staging rallies in 13 cities.[5] According to Globe and Mail correspondent Mark MacKinnon, the 20 February appeal was answered by 200 people at the Beijing rendezvous, though most of those present at the bustling shopping district appeared to be regular citizens, since there were no slogans or placards. There was a similar brief protest in Shanghai.[17] In The Financial Times,[18] Kathrin Hille stated that in addition to police and "mainly foreign" journalists, the gatherings of people included "a smaller number of government critics watching from the sidelines with great expectations".[18] However, there were no protests in the other cities proposed.

The United States Ambassador to China, Jon Huntsman, Jr., was seen at the rendezvous in Beijing. He was with his family, and left the site immediately after one Chinese man started drawing attention to his presence. The embassy later issued a statement that Huntsman's appearance at Wangfujing was part of a family outing and was "purely coincidental." There was speculation from nationalist Chinese bloggers, however, that Huntsman's presence was evidence of American involvement in the protests.[11][12][19][20]On March 8, the Obama administration announced that Commerce Secretary Gary Locke would be nominated to replace Huntsman as ambassador to China.[21]

Crowd in front of a McDonald's in Wangfujing on 20 February 2011

27 February

A call to use "strolling" tactics for the 27 February gatherings was made on the Boxun.com website on 22 February.[5] Prior to the planned 27 February gathering in front of a McDonald's restaurant in Beijing, authorities installed metal corrugated fencing outside the restaurant and outside the home of Nobel laureate and dissident Liu Xiaobo.[6] Hundreds of uniformed and plain-clothed security staff and volunteers wearing red armbands were pre-emptively stationed at Wangfujing. Their presence disrupted normal shopping and attracted onlookers.[7] Police began to clear the rendezvous area half an hour after the designated assembly time.[22]

On 27 February, activists in 2 cities – Beijing and Shanghai – out of the 23 originally targeted responded. Seven people were reportedly arrested in Shanghai and police kept reporters and shoppers moving. The total number of protestors remained low in Beijing. Since the organisers proposed for protestors to just walk by silently to protest, it was impossible for Thomson Reuters journalists to tell who were protesting and who were just regular shoppers on the streets.[23] The Wall Street Journal stated, "while several Chinese people were seen having altercations with the police, there were no signs of actual protests."[7][24]

Assaults on foreign journalists in Beijing

Several foreign journalists were physically assaulted by the police, and many others physically pushed by the police, their cameras confiscated and footage deleted.[9] The Wall Street Journal gave an eyewitness account of an incident in Beijing in which Bloomberg L.P. reporter Stephen Engle was "grabbed by several security officers, pushed to the ground, dragged along by his leg, punched in the head and beaten with a broom handle by a man dressed as street sweeper."[7] The Foreign Correspondents' Club of China denounced the attack on Engle, and called for journalists' physical safety to be guaranteed by the authorities.[7]

State security roughhoused a BBC crew led by reporter Damian Grammaticas. According to Grammaticas' own account, they tried to grab equipment from the cameraman and took him 50 yards away into a police van. Grammaticas alleged the police then set on him, pulled him by the hair, generally roughly treated him, threw the crew into a van and threatened them during their transport to a government office.[8]

On February 28, CNN Beijing correspondent Eunice Yoon, Jo Ling Kent and crew headed out to Wangfujing to cover the "response to anonymous calls on the Internet to stage protests and begin a Tunisia-style "Jasmine Revolution" in China".[25] A policeman hit a camera out of CNN producer Jo Kent's hand and six policemen physically forced Kent and CNN reporter Eunice Yoon to a bank branch. They released the journalists after half an hour.[9] Eunice Yoon reported after the incident that "What makes China's treatment of the international press so bewildering is that there had been no protests for us to cover here..... My own experience and those of my colleagues show how incredibly terrified and paranoid the Chinese authorities are".[26] An ATV cameraman, reporter and TVB cameraman were allowed to leave Wangfujing shopping street after questioning. ATV news reported that their clips showing the rally site were deleted by officers.[27]

Shanghai

In the 27 February Shanghai gathering, protestors prevented police from arresting an elderly man, when they "reacted instantly and angrily, emitting a guttural roar and surging forward almost as one", according to the South China Morning Post. Protestors appeared to be "deliberately obstructing police efforts to keep the crowd flowing". Protestors spoke to foreign journalists, took journalists' name cards, and joked to each other about police difficulties in stopping "demonstrations that were not actually happening". Protestors included elderly people and youths recording the protest with cameras and mobile phones for the internet. A young protestor promised to return to demonstrate the following two Sundays, speaking "clearly within earshot of police officers."[10]

Hong Kong

File:Voa chinese HK activists 1 20feb11 480.jpg
Some Hong Kong people participated the related protests on 20 February 2011.

About 60 people participated in two "Jasmine Revolution" related protests in Hong Kong.[28]

March 2011

6 March

On 1 March, protest tactics for 6 March were changed. "No shouting or slogans, just walking and smiling," read a statement signed "The Initiators of Chinese Jasmine Revolution".[29] They recommended choosing a particular meal (No 3) at fast-food restaurants as a protest tactic.[16]

There was a heavy police presence on Sunday in parts of Beijing and Shanghai for which protests had been called. In Beijing, there was no obvious sign of any protesters.[30][31][32] In Shanghai, Thomson Reuters,[30] CNN[31] and MSN[32] reported an absence of obvious protestors. Deutsche Presse-Agentur (DPA) reported around a hundred protestors[33] "surrounded by hundreds of uniformed and plain-clothes police."[34]

On 6 March, another 15 foreign journalists were detained.[35] It instigated sharp protests by the Foreign Ministries of Germany[33] and Australia.[36]

Members of the League of Social Democrats tried to place a branch of jasmine in front of the Central Government Offices.[37]

Domestic political response

File:Jiang Tianyong.jpg
Jiang Tian-yong (江天勇), arrested 20 February, under arrest as of 23 February 2011[5]

Up to 15 leading Chinese rights lawyers and activists have been taken by authorities[38] including Xu Zhiyong and Teng Biao of the Open Constitution Initiative. Police dispersed scores of people who gathered.[39][40] One person tried to lay down white jasmine flowers was also temporarily detained.[41][42] Some of the names of the human rights lawyers and activists arrested or disappeared since the event include:

Blogger Template:Sec link auto charged with inciting subversion of state power

Five people, including well-known blogger Ran Yunfei and Tiananmen Square 1989 protest student leader Ding Mao, were charged with inciting subversion of state power.[6] Renee Xia, the international director of the Chinese Human Rights Defenders network, commented, "The numbers point to a bad situation that is only getting worse. In the matter of a few days, we have seen more cases of prominent lawyers subjected to prolonged disappearances, more criminal charges that may carry lengthy prison sentences for activists, more home raids, and a heavier reliance on extralegal measures."[6]

More than 20 Chinese cities, including Tianjin, Chengdu and Guangzhou, stepped up security measures, with state security, police and armed forces ordered to stand by in case of emergency.[44] CPC General Secretary and President Hu Jintao delivered a speech in the Central Party School on 19 February instructing senior management to better manage social problems and internet incitement.[45][46]

Since the 19 February protest announcement, more than a hundred people have been summoned or questioned by police.[47]

Censorship

See also: Censorship in the People's Republic of China and Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China

China Mobile and China Unicom blocked the word "jasmine".[48] Searches for "jasmine" were also blocked[49] on China's largest microblog, Sina Weibo, and status updates with the word on Chinese social networking site Renren were met with an error message and a warning to refrain from postings with "political, sensitive ... or other inappropriate content."[46]

On 25 February, several foreign journalists were contacted by police and told that they could not conduct interviews without applying for permission.[6] Regulations issued by the Chinese government forbid entry by foreign reporters into the Wangfujing shopping district in Beijing or the People’s Park in central Shanghai without a special permit. Enforcement of the new rules on Sunday 28 February resulted in beating of one camera operator and detention of several reporters for several hours before their release and confiscation of their materials.[50][51]

Following calls for a "Jasmine Revolution" on Twitter, Chinese users of Twitter began to notice a number of new accounts, sometimes using the names or images of Chinese democracy activists. Tweets by the new accounts took a hostile position to calls for demonstrations.[52]

Reactions

A political cartoon by Carlos Latuff depicting domino effect of Jasmine Revolution on other countries.

Domestic

A high level Chinese government official Zhao Qizheng said, on 23 February, that the probability of China having a "Jasmine Revolution" is "absurd and unrealistic". He also said that "although there are many problems in China right now, the government is doing the best it can to try and combat these problems instead of ignoring them. The government reveals its own problems to the public and tries to deal with it. This type of government is strong and will move forward." Analysts believe that this shows that the Chinese government is now willing to talk about the problem.[clarification needed] Within a short time, the government may publish an official report on this subject.[53]

File:Voa chinese Zhao-Qizheng press 23feb11 480.jpg
Zhao Qizheng said 'No Jasmine Revolution'

Premier Wen Jiabao participated in a web chat on 27 February that France 24 described as an "apparent bid to defuse" the call for weekly gatherings.[22] In the webchat, he promised to deal with inflation, corruption, lack of housing, property speculation.[22][47] The Financial Times (FT) claimed that the web chat was "announced abruptly late on [26 February] and appeared to be timed to coincide with the planned protests."[54] It added that with the web chat, "state media blanketed the nation over the internet, television and radio on Sunday morning with two hours of remarks by Wen Jiabao".[54] China News said that the webchat had been planned in advance; similar webchats had taken place on 20 June 2008 and 27 February 2010.[55]

International

Time suggested that though there are many similarities between the complaints voiced by the people in the Middle East and North Africa and those voiced by the Chinese people, the state's tighter grip on the country's media, Internet and other communication forums pose difficulties for anyone trying to organise mass demonstrations.[56]

The Wall Street Journal said that the online protest appeal could compound apparent concern among Chinese Communist Party leaders that the recent uprisings against authoritarian governments in the Middle East and North Africa could inspire similar unrest in China.[57]

Reuters said that the detentions and censorship of online discussion of the Middle Eastern protests suggests Beijing remains nonetheless nervous about any signs of opposition to one-party rule.[58]

CNN journalist Eunice Yoon and her news crew headed out to Wangfujing to cover what she called the "response to anonymous calls on the Internet to stage protests and begin a Tunisia-style "Jasmine Revolution" in China".[59], was physically handled by police in Beijing on 27 February at arrival near the protest site, but then stated "What makes China's treatment of the international press so bewildering is that there had been no protests for us to cover here..... My own experience and those of my colleagues show how incredibly terrified and paranoid the Chinese authorities are of any anti-government movement forming in China."[9]

Following the approximately 15 arrests of foreign journalists on 6 March, The Australian described the attempts at organising a "Jasmine Revolution" in China as "the biggest showdown between Chinese authorities and foreign media in more than two decades."[36]

Taiwan protests

On 24 February, Chen Yun-lin, Chairman of China's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits, visited Kaohsiung in Taiwan to discuss economic ties between China and Taiwan.[60] About 200 protesters waited for Chen when he visited Kaohsiung Harbor. In reference to the popular title of the Chinese protests as the "Jasmine Revolution", some protesters threw chrysanthemum flowers at him (as Jasmine flowers were not in season), while others tried to deliver plastic jasmine flowers and juice to him.[60][61] Earlier in the day, upon leaving Kaohsiung Station, Chen had encountered two more groups of demonstrators, one supporting Taiwanese independence and another Chinese unification. Police claimed that the groups both numbered about 50 people.[60] About 300 Falun Gong followers also staged a protest.[60] Recently, in March 8 the Democratic Progressive Party released a strongly worded statement condemning the use of force against participants of the “Jasmine Revolution” in China. In the DPP statement, the party said Taipei should use the government’s promotion of cross-strait ties to incorporate values of democracy and human rights into agreements with Beijing to encourage “China’s democratic transformation.” “We ask that the government support the Chinese pro--democracy activists with -substantive -measures. It would show Taiwan’s firm resolve to uphold the values of democracy, freedom and human rights,” the statement read. These ideals are “universal values and should not be taken lightly,” it said.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chinese Jasmine Revolution.

References

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Video coverage

Template:Anti-government protests in the 21st century

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