Academy Award for Best Picture: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}} |
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= Robert Garcia Alsina = |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}} |
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{{short description|Annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|pagetype = Robert es el mejor}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=21/julio/2012}} |
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{{Infobox award |
{{Infobox award |
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| name = Academy Award for Best Picture |
| name = Academy Award for Best Picture |
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The '''Academy Award for Best Picture''' is one of the [[Academy Awards]] (also known as Oscars) presented annually by the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] (AMPAS) since the awards debuted in 1929. This award goes to the [[Film producer|producers]] of the film and is the only category in which every member of the Academy is eligible to submit a nomination and vote on the final ballot.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://people.com/movies/how-oscar-nominations-work-inside-voting-system-academy-award/|title=How the Oscar Voting System Works|magazine=People.com|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=January 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070525/http://people.com/movies/how-oscar-nominations-work-inside-voting-system-academy-award/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Best Picture category is traditionally the final award of the night and is widely considered as the most prestigious honor of the ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/2/27/14734370/oscars-la-la-land-best-picture-2017|title=Oscars 2017: La La Land didn't win Best Picture. But should it have?|date=February 27, 2017|publisher=Vox|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=February 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227051817/https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/2/27/14734370/oscars-la-la-land-best-picture-2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=gaffe>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/awards/oscars/oscars-2017-moonlight-wins-best-picture-not-la-la-land-after-warren-beatty-gaffe/news-story/c05dda27f90acea2fc5557921728a887|title=Moonlight wins Best Picture, not La La Land, after Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway gaffe|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202184538/https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/awards/oscars/oscars-2017-moonlight-wins-best-picture-not-la-la-land-after-warren-beatty-gaffe/news-story/c05dda27f90acea2fc5557921728a887|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2017/12/oscar-best-pictures-of-21st-century-ranked-best-worst-1201902864/|title=The Best Picture Winners of the 21st Century|work=Indiewire|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=January 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122054328/https://www.indiewire.com/2017/12/oscar-best-pictures-of-21st-century-ranked-best-worst-1201902864/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Robert es el mejor i el mas guamo del mundo |
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The Grand Staircase columns at the [[Dolby Theatre]] in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles, California|Hollywood]], where the Academy Awards ceremonies have been held since 2002, showcase every film that has won the Best Picture title since the award's inception.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/05/01/oscars-dolby-theater/|title=The Oscars home is now the Dolby Theatre|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=May 24, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505044628/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/05/01/oscars-dolby-theater/|archive-date=May 5, 2012}}</ref> There have been 601 films nominated for Best Picture and 95 winners.<ref name="data">{{cite web|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701144137/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 1, 2012 |title=Academy Awards Database – Best Picture Winners and Nominees |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=May 24, 2012 }}</ref> |
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==History== |
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===Category name changes=== |
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At the [[1st Academy Awards]] ceremony held in 1929 (for films made in 1927 and 1928), there were two categories of awards that were each considered the top award of the night: "Outstanding Picture" and "Unique and Artistic Picture," the former being won by the war epic ''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]]'', and the latter by the art film ''[[Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans|Sunrise]]''. Each award was intended to honor different and equally important aspects of superior filmmaking. In particular, ''[[The Jazz Singer]]'' was disqualified from both awards, since its use of [[synchronized sound]] made the film a ''[[sui generis]]'' item that would have unfairly competed against either category, and the Academy granted the film an honorary award instead.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Block | first1 = Alex Ben | last2 = Wilson | first2 = Lucy Autrey | title = George Lucas's Blockbusting: A Decade-by-Decade Survey of Timeless Movies Including Untold Secrets of Their Financial and Cultural Success | publisher = HarperCollins | location = New York | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-06-177889-6 | url = https://archive.org/details/georgelucassbloc00alex |pages=110–113}}</ref> |
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The following year, the Academy dropped the ''Unique and Artistic Picture'' award, deciding retroactively that the award won by ''Wings'' was the highest honor that could be awarded, and allowed synchronized sound films to compete for the award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/326478/Sunrise-A-Song-of-Two-Humans/articles.html|title=Why SUNRISE: A SONG OF TWO HUMANS is Essential|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|access-date=May 24, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405101632/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/326478/Sunrise-A-Song-of-Two-Humans/articles.html|archive-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref> Although the award kept the title ''Outstanding Picture'' for the next ceremony, the name underwent several changes over the years as seen below. Since 1962, the award has been simply called ''Best Picture''.<ref name="data"/> |
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* [[1st Academy Awards|1927/28]]–[[2nd Academy Awards|1928/29]]: '''Academy Award for Outstanding Picture''' |
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* [[3rd Academy Awards|1929/30]]–[[13th Academy Awards|1940]]: '''Academy Award for Outstanding Production''' |
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* [[14th Academy Awards|1941]]–[[16th Academy Awards|1943]]: '''Academy Award for Outstanding Motion Picture''' |
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* [[17th Academy Awards|1944]]–[[34th Academy Awards|1961]]: '''Academy Award for Best Motion Picture''' |
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* [[35th Academy Awards|1962]]–present: '''Academy Award for Best Picture''' |
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===Recipients=== |
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Until 1950, this award was presented to a representative of the production company. That year the protocol was changed so that the award was presented to all credited producers. This rule was modified in 1999 to apply a maximum limit of three producers receiving the award, after the five producers of ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]'' had received the award.<ref name="Associated Press">{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/Oscars-2005/Who-gets-the-Oscar/2005/02/03/1107409980177.html|title=Who gets the Oscar?|agency=Associated Press|date=February 4, 2005|work=Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=October 23, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924194423/http://www.smh.com.au/news/Oscars-2005/Who-gets-the-Oscar/2005/02/03/1107409980177.html|archive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref><ref name="bbc1408671">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1408671.stm|title=Academy restricts Oscar winners|date=June 26, 2001|publisher=BBC|access-date=October 23, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214183006/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1408671.stm|archive-date=December 14, 2013}}</ref><ref name="McNary2008">{{cite journal |last=McNary |first=Dave |date=January 21, 2008 |title=PGA avoids credit limit |journal=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2008/film/news/pga-avoids-credit-limit-1117979406/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024204140/http://variety.com/2008/film/news/pga-avoids-credit-limit-1117979406/ |archive-date=October 24, 2013 }}</ref> |
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{{as of|2020}}, the "Special Rules for the Best Picture of the Year Award" limit recipients to those who meet two main requirements:<ref name="rule16">{{cite web| url= https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/92aa_rules.pdf| title= 92ND ACADEMY AWARDS OF MERIT|publisher= Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences | year= 2019 | access-date=April 26, 2020|page=23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424163237/https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/92aa_rules.pdf | archive-date=April 24, 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* Those with [[motion picture credits|screen credit]] of "producer" or "produced by", explicitly excluding those with the screen credit "executive producer, co-producer, associate producer, line producer, or produced in association with" |
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* those three or fewer producers who have performed the major portion of the producing functions |
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The rules allow a {{lang|la|bona fide}} team of not more than two people to be considered a single "producer" if the two individuals have had an established producing partnership as determined by the [[Producers Guild of America]] Producing Partnership Panel. Final determination of the qualifying producer nominees for each nominated picture will be made by the Producers Branch Executive Committee, including the right to name any additional qualified producer as a nominee.<ref name="rule16"/> |
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The Academy can make exceptions to the limit, as when [[Anthony Minghella]] and [[Sydney Pollack]] were posthumously included among the four producers nominated for ''[[The Reader (2008 film)|The Reader]]''.<ref name="Yamato">{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10009498-reader/news/1793050/academy_makes_exceptions_for_pollack_minghella/ |title=Academy Makes Exceptions for Pollack, Minghella Does this mean more Oscar sympathy for surprise nominee The Reader? |last=Yamato |first=Jen |date=January 27, 2009 |work=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=October 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027072805/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10009498-reader/news/1793050/academy_makes_exceptions_for_pollack_minghella/ |archive-date=October 27, 2013}}</ref> {{as of|2014}} the Producers Branch Executive Committee determines such exceptions, noting they take place only in "rare and extraordinary circumstance[s]."<ref name="rule16"/> |
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[[Steven Spielberg]] currently holds the record for most nominations at thirteen, winning one, while [[Kathleen Kennedy (producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]] holds the record for most nominations without a win at eight. [[Sam Spiegel]] and [[Saul Zaentz]] tie for the most wins with three each. As for the time when the Oscar was given to production companies instead, [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] holds the record with five wins and 40 nominations. |
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===Best Picture and Best Director=== |
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The Academy Awards for Best Picture and [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]] have been closely linked throughout their history. Of the 95 films that have won Best Picture, 68 have also been awarded Best Director. Only six films have been awarded Best Picture without receiving a Best Director nomination: ''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]]'' directed by [[William A. Wellman]] (1927/28), ''[[Grand Hotel (1932 film)|Grand Hotel]]'' directed by [[Edmund Goulding]] (1931/32), ''[[Driving Miss Daisy]]'' directed by [[Bruce Beresford]] (1989), ''[[Argo (2012 film)|Argo]]'' directed by [[Ben Affleck]] (2012), ''[[Green Book (film)|Green Book]]'' directed by [[Peter Farrelly]] (2018), and ''[[CODA (2021 film)|CODA]]'' directed by [[Sian Heder]] (2021). The only two Best Director winners to win for films that did not receive a Best Picture nomination were during the early years of the awards: [[Lewis Milestone]] for ''[[Two Arabian Knights]]'' (1927/28), and [[Frank Lloyd]] for ''[[The Divine Lady]]'' (1928/29).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/bestdirs1.html|title=Best Director Facts – Trivia (Part 2)|publisher=Filmsite|access-date=November 13, 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901210327/http://www.filmsite.org/bestdirs1.html|archive-date=September 1, 2009}}</ref> |
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===Nomination limit increased=== |
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On June 24, 2009, [[AMPAS]] announced that the number of films to be nominated in the Best Picture award category would increase from five to ten, starting with the [[82nd Academy Awards]] (2009).<ref name="10noms">{{cite news|author=Joyce Eng |title=Oscar Expands Best Picture Race to 10 Nominees |url=https://www.tvguide.com/Movie-News/Oscar-Expands-Best-1007223.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208200429/http://www.tvguide.com/Movie-News/Oscar-Expands-Best-1007223.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 8, 2012 |work=TV Guide Online |date=June 24, 2009 |access-date=June 24, 2009 }}</ref> Although the Academy never officially said so, many commenters noted the expansion was likely in part a response to public criticism of ''[[The Dark Knight]]'' and ''[[WALL-E]]'' (both 2008) (and, in previous years, other blockbusters and popular films) not being nominated for Best Picture.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Buchanan|first=Kyle|date=January 22, 2020|title=10 Years Later, an Oscar Experiment That Actually Worked|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/movies/expanded-best-picture-oscar.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122200021/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/movies/expanded-best-picture-oscar.html |archive-date=January 22, 2020 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=June 5, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rogers|first=Nathaniel|date=July 18, 2018|title=How a Dark Knight Best Picture snub forced the Oscars to change|url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/7/18/17585878/dark-knight-oscars-best-picture|access-date=June 5, 2020|website=Polygon|language=en|archive-date=July 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718193222/https://www.polygon.com/2018/7/18/17585878/dark-knight-oscars-best-picture|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Phipps|first=Keith|date=January 30, 2020|title=A Decade Ago, the Oscars Looked Down on Superhero Movies. Now One Might Win Best Picture.|url=https://www.theringer.com/movies/2020/1/30/21114274/superhero-movies-oscars-joker-dark-knight-black-panther|access-date=June 5, 2020|website=The Ringer|language=en|archive-date=January 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131154326/https://www.theringer.com/movies/2020/1/30/21114274/superhero-movies-oscars-joker-dark-knight-black-panther|url-status=live}}</ref> Officially, the Academy said the rule change was a throwback to the Academy's early years in the 1930s and 1940s, when eight to 12 films were nominated each year. "Having 10 Best Picture nominees is going to allow Academy voters to recognize and include some of the fantastic movies that often show up in the other Oscar categories but have been squeezed out of the race for the top prize," AMPAS President [[Sid Ganis]] said in a press conference. "I can't wait to see what that list of 10 looks like when the nominees are announced in February."<ref name="10noms" /> |
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At the same time, the voting system was switched from [[first-past-the-post]] to [[Instant-runoff voting|instant runoff voting]] (also known as preferential voting).<ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/rob-richie/poll-oscars-irv_b_824246.html Poll: Vote on the Oscars Like an Academy Member] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112164350/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rob-richie/poll-oscars-irv_b_824246.html |date=November 12, 2012 }}, Rob Richie, Huffington Post, February 16, 2011</ref> In 2011, the Academy revised the rule again so that the number of films nominated was between five and ten; nominated films must earn either 5% of first-place rankings or 5% after an abbreviated variation of the [[single transferable vote]] nominating process.<ref name="Rule Change">{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/awards/column-post/new-best-picture-rules-could-discard-hundreds-ballots-or-more-28412|title=New Best Picture Rules Could Discard Large Number of Oscar Ballots (Exclusive)|author=Steve Pond|date=June 22, 2011|publisher=The Wrap|access-date=January 19, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304233702/http://www.thewrap.com/awards/column-post/new-best-picture-rules-could-discard-hundreds-ballots-or-more-28412|archive-date=March 4, 2014}}</ref> Bruce Davis, the Academy executive director at the time, said, "A Best Picture nomination should be an indication of extraordinary merit. If there are only eight pictures that truly earn that honor in a given year, we shouldn't feel an obligation to round out the number."<ref name="5to10">{{cite web|url=https://www.deadline.com/2011/06/oscar-academy-builds-surprise-into-best-picture-race/ |title=OSCAR SHOCKER! Academy Builds Surprise & Secrecy Into Best Picture Race: Now There Can Be Anywhere From 5 To 10 Nominees |author=Nikki Finke |date=June 14, 2011 |work=Deadline Hollywood |publisher=MMC |access-date=June 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723021022/http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/oscar-academy-builds-surprise-into-best-picture-race/ |archive-date=July 23, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> This system lasted until 2021, when the Academy reverted back to a set number of ten nominees from the [[94th Academy Awards]] onward.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/oscars-changes-rules-ten-best-picture-nominees-1234784121/|title=Oscars: Academy Sets Rules And Regulations For 94th Awards; 10 Best Picture Nominees, Plus Changes In Music And Sound Categories|author=Pete Hammond|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 30, 2021|access-date=January 13, 2021|archive-date=June 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630180725/https://deadline.com/2021/06/oscars-changes-rules-ten-best-picture-nominees-1234784121/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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===Language and country of origin=== |
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Only seventeen non-[[English language]] films have been nominated in the category: ''[[La Grande Illusion]]'' (French, 1938); ''[[Z (1969 film)|Z]]'' (French, 1969); ''[[The Emigrants (film)|The Emigrants]]'' (Swedish, 1972); ''[[Cries and Whispers]]'' (Swedish, 1973); ''[[Il Postino: The Postman|The Postman (Il Postino)]]'' (Italian/Spanish, 1995); ''[[Life Is Beautiful]]'' (Italian, 1998); ''[[Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon]]'' ([[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]], 2000); ''[[Letters from Iwo Jima]]'' (Japanese, 2006, but ineligible for [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] because it was an American production); ''[[Amour (2012 film)|Amour]]'' (French, 2012); [[Roma (2018 film)|''Roma'']] (Spanish/Mixtec, 2018); ''[[Parasite (2019 film)|Parasite]]'' (Korean, 2019); ''[[Minari (film)|Minari]]'' (Korean, 2020, but ineligible for [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Best International Feature Film]] because it was an American production);<ref name="filmsite2">{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/bestpics1.html|title=Best Pictures – Facts & Trivia (part 2)|publisher=Filmsite.org|access-date=November 13, 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109122738/http://www.filmsite.org/bestpics1.html|archive-date=January 9, 2010}}</ref> ''[[Drive My Car (film)|Drive My Car]]'' (Japanese, 2021), ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front (2022 film)|All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' (German, 2022), ''[[Anatomy of a Fall]]'' (French, 2023), ''[[Past Lives (film)|Past Lives]]'' (Korean, 2023, but ineligible for [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Best International Feature Film]] because it was an American production) and ''[[The Zone of Interest (film)|The Zone of Interest]]'' (German/Polish/Yiddish, 2023). ''Parasite'' became the first film not in English to win Best Picture.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shoard|first=Catherine|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/feb/10/parasite-first-foreign-language-film-to-win-best-picture-oscar|title=Parasite makes Oscars history as first foreign language film to win best picture|date=February 10, 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=February 10, 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=March 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323173436/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/feb/10/parasite-first-foreign-language-film-to-win-best-picture-oscar|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2021-03-15/2021-oscars-nominations-minari-everything-to-know "Everything to Know about Nominee 'Minari'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127070506/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2021-03-15/2021-oscars-nominations-minari-everything-to-know |date=January 27, 2022 }} (March 15, 2021). ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. Retrieved 2021-07-11.</ref> |
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Only ten films wholly financed outside the United States have won Best Picture, eight of which were financed, in part or in whole, by the United Kingdom: ''[[Hamlet (1948 film)|Hamlet]]'' (1948), ''[[Tom Jones (1963 film)|Tom Jones]]'' (1963), ''[[A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)|A Man for All Seasons]]'' (1966), ''[[Chariots of Fire]]'' (1981), ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' (1982), ''[[The Last Emperor]]'' (1987), ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'' (2008), and ''[[The King's Speech]]'' (2010). The ninth film, ''[[The Artist (film)|The Artist]]'' (2011), was financed in France and the tenth film, ''[[Parasite (2019 film)|Parasite]]'' (2019), was financed in South Korea.<ref name="genre">{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/bestpics2.html|title=Best Pictures – Genre Biases|publisher=Filmsite.org|access-date=November 13, 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110054846/http://www.filmsite.org/bestpics2.html|archive-date=January 10, 2010}}</ref> |
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===Rating=== |
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Since 1968, most Best Picture winners have been rated R under the [[Motion Picture Association]]'s [[Motion Picture Association film rating system|rating system]]. ''[[Oliver! (film)|Oliver!]]'' is the only G-rated film and ''[[Midnight Cowboy]]'' is the only X-rated film (what is categorized as an NC-17 film today), so far, to win Best Picture; they won in back-to-back years, 1968 and 1969. The latter has since been changed to an R rating. Eleven films have won with a PG rating: the first was ''[[Patton (film)|Patton]]'' (1970) and the most recent was ''[[Driving Miss Daisy]]'' (1989). Eleven more films have won with a PG-13 rating (which was introduced in 1984): the first was ''[[The Last Emperor]]'' (1987) and the most recent was ''[[CODA (2021 film)|CODA]]'' (2021). |
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===Genres and mediums=== |
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{{More citations|date=September 2023}} |
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Only three animated films have been nominated for Best Picture: ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' (1991), ''[[Up (2009 film)|Up]]'' (2009) and ''[[Toy Story 3]]'' (2010). The latter two were nominated after the Academy expanded the number of nominees, but none have won. |
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No comic book film has won, and only three have ever been nominated: ''[[Skippy (film)|Skippy]]'' (1931), ''[[Black Panther (film)|Black Panther]]'' (2018), and ''[[Joker (2019 film)|Joker]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bibbiani |first=William |date=2023-01-20 |title=The First Best Picture Oscar Nominee Based On A Comic Was In 1931 |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/1174271/the-first-best-picture-oscar-nominee-based-on-a-comic-was-in-1931/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=/Film |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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Only two fantasy films have won: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' (2003) and ''[[The Shape of Water]]'' (2017), although more have been nominated. |
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''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]'' (1991) is the only horror film to win Best Picture, and only five others have been nominated for Best Picture: ''[[The Exorcist]]'' (1973), ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]'' (1975), ''[[The Sixth Sense]]'' (1999), ''[[Black Swan (film)|Black Swan]]'' (2010), and ''[[Get Out]]'' (2017). |
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Several science-fiction films have been nominated for Best Picture, though ''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]'' (2022) was the first one to win.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spry |first=Jeff |date=2023-03-14 |title='Everything Everywhere All At Once' is now the most celebrated sci-fi film in Oscar history |url=https://www.space.com/everything-everywhere-all-at-once-most-celebrated-oscars-sci-fi-film |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=[[Space.com]] |language=en}}</ref> |
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''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' (1997) is the only [[disaster film]] to win Best Picture, though other such films have been nominated, including ''[[Airport (1970 film)|Airport]]'' (1970) ''and [[The Towering Inferno]]'' (1974). |
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No documentary feature has been nominated for Best Picture, however [[Chang:_A_Drama_of_the_Wilderness|Chang]] was nominated in the equally prestigious ''Unique and Artistic Picture'' category at the 1927/28 awards. A [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film|Best Documentary Feature]] category would later by introduced in 1941. |
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Several musical adaptations based on material previously filmed in non-musical form have won Best Picture, including ''[[Gigi (1958 film)|Gigi]]'', ''[[West Side Story (1961 film)|West Side Story]]'', ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'', ''[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]'', ''[[Oliver! (film)|Oliver!]]'', and ''[[Chicago (2002 film)|Chicago]]''. |
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Several [[epic film|epics]] or historical epic films have won Best Picture, including the first recipient ''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]]''. Others include ''[[Cimarron (1931 film)|Cimarron]]'', ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]'', ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'', ''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]'', ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'', ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'', ''[[Patton (film)|Patton]]'', ''[[The Godfather]]'', ''[[The Godfather Part II]]'', ''[[The Last Emperor]]'', ''[[Dances with Wolves]]'', ''[[Schindler's List]]'', ''[[Forrest Gump]]'', ''[[Braveheart]]'', ''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]'', ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'', ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'', and ''[[Oppenheimer (film)|Oppenheimer]]''. |
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===Sequel nominations and winners=== |
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Nine films that were presented as direct sequels have been nominated for Best Picture: ''[[The Bells of St. Mary's]]'' (1945; the sequel to the 1944 winner, ''[[Going My Way]]''), ''[[The Godfather Part II]]'' (1974), ''[[The Godfather Part III]]'' (1990), ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' (2002), ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' (2003), ''[[Toy Story 3]]'' (2010), ''[[Mad Max: Fury Road]]'' (2015)'', [[Avatar: The Way of Water]]'' (2022) and ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022). |
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''Toy Story 3'', ''Mad Max: Fury Road'' and ''Top Gun: Maverick'' are the only sequels to be nominated without any predecessors being nominated. ''The Godfather Part II'' and ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' are the only sequels to have won the award, and their respective trilogies are the only series to have three films nominated. [[The Godfather (film series)|''The Godfather'' series]] is the only film series with multiple Best Picture winners, with the [[The Godfather|first film]] winning the award for 1972 and the [[The Godfather Part II|second film]] winning the award for 1974.<ref name="filmsite2" /> |
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Another nominee, ''[[Broadway Melody of 1936]]'', was a follow-up of sorts to previous winner ''[[The Broadway Melody]]'', but beyond the title and some music, the two films have mutually independent stories. ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]'' was adapted from the sequel novel to ''[[Red Dragon (novel)|Red Dragon]]''. The latter had been adapted for film as ''[[Manhunter (film)|Manhunter]]'' by a different studio, and the two films have different casts and creative teams and were not presented as a series.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 27, 2022 |title=The only sequels to have won Best Picture Oscars |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-only-sequels-to-have-won-best-picture-oscars/ |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=faroutmagazine.co.uk |language=en-US |archive-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122071930/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-only-sequels-to-have-won-best-picture-oscars/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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''[[The Lion in Winter (1968 film)|The Lion in Winter]]'' features [[Peter O'Toole]] as [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], a role he had played previously in the film ''[[Becket (1964 film)|Becket]]'', but ''The Lion in Winter'' is not a sequel to ''Becket''. Similarly, ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' features [[Michael Sheen]] as [[Tony Blair]], a role he had played previously in the television film ''[[The Deal (2003 film)|The Deal]]''. [[Christine Langan]], producer of both productions, described ''The Queen'' as not being a direct sequel, only that it reunited the same creative team.<ref>Wells, Matt (August 30, 2004). "[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/aug/30/media.arts Helen Mirren poised for royal role] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307163813/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/aug/30/media.arts |date=7 March 2016 }}". Guardian Unlimited (Guardian News and Media). Retrieved on January 15, 2022.</ref> |
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[[Clint Eastwood]]'s ''[[Letters from Iwo Jima]]'' was a companion piece to his film ''[[Flags of Our Fathers (film)|Flags of Our Fathers]]'' that was released earlier the same year. These two films depict the same battle from the different viewpoints of Japanese and United States military forces; the two films were shot back-to-back. |
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In addition, ''[[Black Panther (film)|Black Panther]]'' is a continuation of the events that occurred in ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' and the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]]. |
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===Remake nominations and winners=== |
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Along similar lines to sequels, there have been few nominees and winners that are either remakes or adaptations of the same source materials or subjects. ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'', which won Best Picture of 1959, is a remake of the [[Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925 film)|1925 silent film with a similar title]] and both were adapted from [[Lew Wallace]]'s 1880 novel ''[[Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ]]''. ''[[The Departed]]'', which won Best Picture of 2006, is a remake of the 2002 [[Hong Kong cinema|Hong Kong]] film ''[[Infernal Affairs]]'' and is the first remake of a non-English language or international film to win. Other nominees include 1963's ''[[Cleopatra (1963 film)|Cleopatra]]'' about the [[Cleopatra|titular last queen of Egypt]] following the [[Cleopatra (1934 film)|1934 version]], 2018's ''[[A Star Is Born (2018 film)|A Star is Born]]'' following the [[A Star Is Born (1937 film)|1937 film of the same name]], and 2019's ''[[Little Women (2019 film)|Little Women]]'' following the [[Little Women (1933 film)|1933 film of the same name]] with both being adaptations of the [[Little Women|1868 novel]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/greta-gerwigs-adaptation-brings-little-women-oscar-noms-tally-14-1268988/|title=Oscars: Greta Gerwig's Adaptation Brings 'Little Women' Noms Tally to 14|first1=Jordan|last1=Wilson|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 13, 2020|access-date=March 26, 2022|archive-date=March 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318173856/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/greta-gerwigs-adaptation-brings-little-women-oscar-noms-tally-14-1268988/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[True Grit (2010 film)|True Grit]]'', which was nominated for Best Picture of 2010, is the second adaptation of [[Charles Portis]]'s [[True Grit (novel)|1968 novel]] following the [[True Grit (1969 film)|1969 film of the same name]]. |
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Four of the nominees for the [[94th Academy Awards|94th ceremony]] were based on source material previously made into films: ''[[CODA (2021 film)|CODA]]'', ''[[Dune (2021 film)|Dune]]'', ''[[Nightmare Alley (2021 film)|Nightmare Alley]]'', and ''[[West Side Story (2021 film)|West Side Story]]''. The 2021 version of ''West Side Story'' became the second adaptation of the same source material for a previous Best Picture winner to be nominated for the same award after 1962's ''[[Mutiny on the Bounty (1962 film)|Mutiny on the Bounty]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/25/movies/oscars-best-picture-remakes.html|title=Four Best Picture Contenders Are Remakes. Does That Matter to Oscar Voters?|first=Ben|last=Zauzmer|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 25, 2022|access-date=March 26, 2022|archive-date=March 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326185243/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/25/movies/oscars-best-picture-remakes.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For that same ceremony, ''CODA'' became the second remake of a non-English-language or international film to win. |
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The 2022 German-language ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front (2022 film)|All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' is the second adaptation of the [[All Quiet on the Western Front|1929 novel]] after the [[All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)|1930 English-language film]], and the third adaptation of the same source material of a previous Best Picture winner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wise |first=Damon |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Edward Berger's 'All Quiet On The Western Front' Continues Remarkable Awards-Season Run With Oscar Noms Haul |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/2023-oscars-all-quiet-on-the-western-front-9-nominations-1235238643/ |access-date=January 25, 2023 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=January 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125014030/https://deadline.com/2023/01/2023-oscars-all-quiet-on-the-western-front-9-nominations-1235238643/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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===Silent film winners=== |
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At the [[1st Academy Awards]], the Best Picture award (then named "Academy Award for Outstanding Picture") was presented to the 1927 [[silent film]] ''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]]''. |
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''[[The Artist (film)|The Artist]]'' (2011) was the first essentially silent (with the exception of a single scene of dialogue, and a dream sequence with sound effects) film since ''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]]'' to win Best Picture. It was the first silent nominee since 1928's ''[[The Patriot (1928 film)|The Patriot]]''. It was the first Best Picture winner to be produced entirely in [[black-and-white]] since 1960's ''[[The Apartment]]''. (''[[Schindler's List]]'', the 1993 winner, was predominantly black-and-white but contains some color sequences.)<ref name="genre" /> |
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===Version availability=== |
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No Best Picture winner has been [[lost film|lost]], though a few such as ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)|All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' and ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' exist only in a form altered from their original, award-winning release form. This has usually been due to editing for reissue (and subsequently partly restored by archivists). Other winners and nominees, such as ''Tom Jones'' (prior to its 2018 reissues by [[The Criterion Collection]] and the [[British Film Institute]]) and ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', are widely available only in subsequently altered versions. ''[[The Broadway Melody]]'' originally had some sequences photographed in [[Technicolor#Process 3|two-color Technicolor]]. This footage survives only in black and white.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=3068 |title=The Broadway Melody |website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=July 7, 2014 |quote="The Technicolor footage for this sequence has since been lost, and only a black-and-white version is now available." |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714220955/http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=3068 |archive-date=July 14, 2014 }}</ref> |
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The 1928 film ''[[The Patriot (1928 film)|The Patriot]]'' is the only Best Picture nominee that is lost (about one-third is extant).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/mostwanted/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001033156/http://www.oscars.org/mostwanted/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 1, 2012 |title=Oscar's Most Wanted |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=May 24, 2012}}</ref> ''[[The Racket (1928 film)|The Racket]]'', also from 1928, was believed lost for many years until a print was found in [[Howard Hughes]]' archives. It has since been restored and shown on [[Turner Classic Movies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/R/Racket1928.html|title=The Racket – Progressive Silent Film List|publisher=Silent Era|access-date=May 24, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331231944/http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/R/Racket1928.html|archive-date=March 31, 2012}}</ref> The only surviving complete prints of 1931's ''[[East Lynne (1931 film)|East Lynne]]'' and 1934's ''[[The White Parade]]'' exist within the [[UCLA]] film archive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/73829/East-Lynne/trivia.html|title=East Lynne Trivia|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|access-date=May 24, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215055955/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/73829/East-Lynne/trivia.html|archive-date=December 15, 2013}}</ref> |
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===Diversity standards=== |
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The Academy has established a set of "representation and inclusion standards", called Academy Aperture 2025, which a film will be required to satisfy in order to compete in the Best Picture category, starting with the [[96th Academy Awards]] for films released in 2023.<ref name="standards">{{cite web |date=August 2022 |title=Representation and Inclusion Standards |url=https://www.oscars.org/awards/representation-and-inclusion-standards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215073102/https://www.oscars.org/awards/representation-and-inclusion-standards |archive-date=February 15, 2023 |access-date=February 15, 2023 |website=Oscars.org}}</ref><ref>[https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/09/08/910928503/new-diversity-standards-for-best-picture-oscar-nominees-starting-in-2024 New Diversity Standards For Best Picture Oscar Nominees, Starting In 2024], NPR, September 8, 2020</ref> There are four general standards, of which a film must satisfy two to be considered for Best Picture: (a) on-screen representation, themes and narratives; (b) creative leadership and project team; (c) industry access and opportunities; and (d) audience development.<ref name="standards" /> As explained by [[Vox (website)|Vox]], the standards "basically break down into two big buckets: standards promoting more inclusive representation and standards promoting more inclusive employment".<ref name="wilkinson">{{cite web |last1=Wilkinson |first1=Alissa |date=September 9, 2020 |title=The Oscars' new rules for Best Picture nominees, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2020/9/9/21429083/oscars-best-picture-rules-diversity-inclusion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215073105/https://www.vox.com/culture/2020/9/9/21429083/oscars-best-picture-rules-diversity-inclusion |archive-date=February 15, 2023 |access-date=February 15, 2023 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref> The standards are intended to provide greater opportunities for employment, in cast, crew, studio apprenticeships and internships, and development, marketing, publicity, and distribution executives, among underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, women, LGBTQ+ people, and persons with [[Disabilities affecting intellectual abilities|cognitive]] or [[Physical disability|physical disabilities]] (not counting [[Intellectual disability|intellectual disabilities]] like the [[autism spectrum]]), or who are [[Deafness|deaf or hard of hearing]].<ref name="standards" /><ref>[https://deadline.com/2021/02/coming-soon-film-academys-inclusion-standards-form-1234697847/ Coming Soon: The Film Academy’s “Inclusion Standards” Form], Deadline Hollywood, February 22, 2021</ref> |
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For the [[94th Academy Awards|94th]] and [[95th Academy Awards]] (films released in 2021 and 2022), filmmakers were required to submit a confidential Academy Inclusion Standards form to be considered for Best Picture but were not required to fulfill the standards.<ref name="wilkinson" /> These standards will only apply to the Best Picture category and do not affect a film's eligibility in other Oscar categories.<ref name="standards" /> |
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==2017 ceremony mistake== |
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At the [[89th Academy Awards]] on February 26, 2017, presenter [[Faye Dunaway]] read ''[[La La Land]]'' as the winner of the award. However, she and [[Warren Beatty]] had mistakenly been given the duplicate envelope for the "[[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress in a Leading Role]]" award, which [[Emma Stone]] had won for her role in ''La La Land''. While accepting the award, ''La La Land'' producer [[Jordan Horowitz]], who was given the correct envelope, realized the mistake and announced that ''[[Moonlight (2016 film)|Moonlight]]'' had won the award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/moonlight-wins-best-picture-mistake-presenter-warren-beatty/story?id=45769592|title='Moonlight' wins best picture after 'La La Land' mistakenly announced|last2=Edison Hayden|last1=Rothman|first2=Michael|first1=Michael|date=February 27, 2017|work=[[ABC News]]|access-date=February 27, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227052424/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/moonlight-wins-best-picture-mistake-presenter-warren-beatty/story?id=45769592|archive-date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> |
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==Winners and nominees== |
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In the list below, winners are listed first in the gold row, followed by the other nominees.<ref name="data" /> Except for the early years (when the Academy used a non-calendar year), the year shown is the one in which the film first premiered in [[Los Angeles County, California]]; normally this is also the year of first release; however, it may be the year after first release (as with ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'' and, if the film-festival premiere is considered, ''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'' and ''[[The Hurt Locker]]''). This is also the year before the ceremony at which the award is given; for example, a film exhibited theatrically during 2005 was eligible for consideration for the 2005 Best Picture [[Academy Awards|Oscar]], awarded in 2006. The number of the ceremony (1st, 2nd, etc.) appears in [[Bracket|parentheses]] after the awards year, linked to the article on that ceremony. Each individual entry shows the title followed by nominee. |
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Until 1950, the Best Picture award was given to the production company; from 1951 on, it has gone to the producer or producers. The Academy used the producer credits of the [[Producers Guild of America]] (PGA) until 1998, when all five producers of ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]'' made speeches after its win.<ref name="Associated Press"/><ref name="bbc1408671"/> A three-producer limit has been applied some years since.<ref name="bbc1408671"/><ref name="McNary2008"/> There was controversy over the exclusion of some PGA-credited producers of ''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'' and ''[[Little Miss Sunshine]]''.<ref name="McNary2008" /> The Academy can make exceptions to the limit, as when [[Anthony Minghella]] and [[Sydney Pollack]] were posthumously among the four nominated for ''[[The Reader (2008 film)|The Reader]]''.<ref name="Yamato"/> However, now any number of producers on a film can be nominated for Best Picture, should they be deemed eligible. |
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For the first ceremony, three films were nominated for the award. For the following three years, five films were nominated for the award. This was expanded to eight in 1933, to ten in 1934, and to twelve in 1935, before being dropped back to ten in 1937. In 1945, it was further reduced to five. This number remained until 2009, when the limit was raised to ten; it was adjusted from 2011 to 2020 to vary between five and ten, but has been a full ten since 2022. |
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For the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. For example, the 2nd Academy Awards presented on April 3, 1930, recognized films that were released between August 1, 1928, and July 31, 1929. Starting with the 7th Academy Awards, held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31. This has been the rule every year since except 2020, when the end date was extended to February 28, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and 2021, which was correspondingly limited to March 1 to December 31. |
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{{legend|#FAEB86|indicates the winner}} |
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===1920s=== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:1.00em; line-height:1.5em;" |
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|- bgcolor="#bebebe" |
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! width="5%"| Year of Film Release |
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! width="40%"| Film |
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! width="55%"| Film Studio |
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|- |
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| rowspan=4 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1928 in film|1927/28]]'''<br />{{small|[[1st Academy Awards|(1st)]]}} <br /> |
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|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
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| '''''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]]''''' |
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| '''[[Famous Players–Lasky]] <small>([[Lucien Hubbard]], [[Jesse L. Lasky]], [[B.P. Schulberg]] , & [[Adolph Zukor]], producers)</small>''' |
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|- |
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| ''[[7th Heaven (1927 film)|7th Heaven]]'' |
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| [[Fox Film|Fox]]<small> ([[William Fox (producer)|William Fox]], producer)</small> |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[The Racket (1928 film)|The Racket]]'' |
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| The Caddo Company <small>([[Howard Hughes]], producer)</small> |
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|- |
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| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1929 in film|1928/29]]'''<br />{{small|[[2nd Academy Awards|(2nd)]]}}<br />{{efn|The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of {{lang|la|de facto}} nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges at the time.}} |
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|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
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| '''''[[The Broadway Melody]]''''' |
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| '''[[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] <small>([[Irving Thalberg]] & [[Lawrence Weingarten]], producers)</small>''' |
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|- |
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| ''[[Alibi (1929 film)|Alibi]]'' |
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| [[United Artists|Feature Productions]] <small>([[Roland West]], producer)</small> |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[Hollywood Revue]]'' |
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| [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] <small>([[Irving Thalberg]] & [[Harry Rapf]], producers)</small> |
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|- |
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| ''[[In Old Arizona]]'' |
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| [[Fox Film|Fox]] <small>([[Winfield Sheehan]], producer)</small> |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[The Patriot (1928 film)|The Patriot]]'' |
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| [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount Famous Lasky]] |
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|} |
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===1930s=== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:1.00em; line-height:1.5em;" |
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|- bgcolor="#bebebe" |
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! width="5%"| Year of Film Release |
|||
! width="40%"| Film |
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! width="55%"| Film Studio |
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|- |
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| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1930 in film|1929/30]]'''<br />{{small|[[3rd Academy Awards|(3rd)]]}} |
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|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
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| '''''[[All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)|All Quiet on the Western Front]]''''' |
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| '''[[Universal Pictures|Universal]] <small>([[Carl Laemmle Jr.]], producer)</small>''' |
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|- |
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| ''[[The Big House (1930 film)|The Big House]]'' |
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| Cosmopolitan <small>([[Irving Thalberg]], producer)</small> |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[Disraeli (1929 film)|Disraeli]]'' |
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| [[Warner Bros.]] <small>([[Jack L. Warner]] & [[Darryl F. Zanuck]], producers)</small> |
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|- |
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| ''[[The Divorcee]]'' |
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| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer <small>([[Robert Z. Leonard]], producer)</small> |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[The Love Parade]]'' |
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| Paramount Famous Lasky <small>([[Ernst Lubitsch]], producer)</small> |
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|- |
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| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1931 in film|1930/31]]'''<br />{{small|[[4th Academy Awards|(4th)]]}} |
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|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
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| '''''[[Cimarron (1931 film)|Cimarron]]''''' |
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| '''[[RKO Pictures|RKO Radio]] <small>([[William LeBaron]], producer)</small>''' |
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|- |
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| ''[[East Lynne (1931 film)|East Lynne]]'' |
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| Fox |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[The Front Page (1931 film)|The Front Page]]'' |
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| The Caddo Company <small>([[Howard Hughes]] & [[Lewis Milestone]], producers)</small> |
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|- |
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| ''[[Skippy (film)|Skippy]]'' |
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| Paramount Publix <small>([[Jesse L. Lasky]], [[B.P. Schulberg]], & [[Adolph Zukor]], producers)</small> |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[Trader Horn (1931 film)|Trader Horn]]'' |
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| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer <small>([[Irving Thalberg]] ,producer)</small> |
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|- |
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| rowspan=9 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1932 in film|1931/32]]'''<br />{{small|[[5th Academy Awards|(5th)]]}} |
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|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
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| '''''[[Grand Hotel (1932 film)|Grand Hotel]]''''' |
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| '''Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer <small>([[Irving Thalberg]], producer)</small>''' |
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|- |
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| ''[[Arrowsmith (film)|Arrowsmith]]'' |
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| Samuel Goldwyn Productions <small>([[Samuel Goldwyn]], producer)</small> |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[Bad Girl (1931 film)|Bad Girl]]'' |
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| Fox |
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|- |
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| ''[[The Champ (1931 film)|The Champ]]'' |
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| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer <small>([[King Vidor]], producer)</small> |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[Five Star Final]]'' |
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| First National <small>(Hal B. Wallis, producer)</small> |
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|- |
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| ''[[One Hour with You]]'' |
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| Paramount Publix <small>([[Ernst Lubitsch]], producer)</small> |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[Shanghai Express (film)|Shanghai Express]]'' |
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| Paramount Publix <small>([[Adolph Zukor]], producer)</small> |
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|- |
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| ''[[The Smiling Lieutenant]]'' |
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| Paramount Publix <small>(Ernst Lubitsch, producer)</small> |
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|- |
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| rowspan=11 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1933 in film|1932/33]]'''<br />{{small|[[6th Academy Awards|(6th)]]}}<br />{{efn|The Academy also announced that ''A Farewell to Arms'' came in second, and ''Little Women'' third.}} |
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|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
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| '''''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''''' |
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| '''Fox <small>([[Frank Lloyd]] & [[Winfield Sheehan]], producers)</small>''' |
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|- |
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| ''[[42nd Street (film)|42nd Street]]'' |
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| Warner Bros. |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[A Farewell to Arms (1932 film)|A Farewell to Arms]]'' |
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| Paramount |
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|- |
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| ''[[I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang]]'' |
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| Warner Bros. |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[Lady for a Day]]'' |
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| [[Columbia Pictures|Columbia]] |
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|- |
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| ''[[Little Women (1933 film)|Little Women]]'' |
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| RKO Radio |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[The Private Life of Henry VIII]]'' |
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| [[London Films]] |
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|- |
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| ''[[She Done Him Wrong]]'' |
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| Paramount |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[Smilin' Through (1932 film)|Smilin' Through]]'' |
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| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
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|- |
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| ''[[State Fair (1933 film)|State Fair]]'' |
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| Fox |
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|- |
|||
| rowspan=13 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1934 in film|1934]]'''<br />{{small|[[7th Academy Awards|(7th)]]}}<br />{{efn|The Academy also announced that ''The Barretts of Wimpole Street'' came in second, and ''The House of Rothschild'' third.}} |
|||
|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
|||
| '''''[[It Happened One Night]]''''' |
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| '''Columbia <small>([[Frank Capra]] & [[Harry Cohn]], producer)</small>''' |
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|- |
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| ''[[The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934 film)|The Barretts of Wimpole Street]]'' |
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| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Cleopatra (1934 film)|Cleopatra]]'' |
|||
| Paramount |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Flirtation Walk]]'' |
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| First National |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
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| ''[[The Gay Divorcee]]'' |
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| RKO Radio |
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|- |
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| ''[[Here Comes the Navy]]'' |
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| Warner Bros. |
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|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[The House of Rothschild]]'' |
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| [[Twentieth Century Pictures|20th Century]] |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Imitation of Life (1934 film)|Imitation of Life]]'' |
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| Universal |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[One Night of Love]]'' |
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| Columbia |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[The Thin Man (film)|The Thin Man]]'' |
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| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Viva Villa!]]'' |
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| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[The White Parade]]'' |
|||
| Jesse L. Lasky (production company) |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=13 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1935 in film|1935]]'''<br />{{small|[[8th Academy Awards|(8th)]]}}<br />{{efn|The Academy also announced that ''The Informer'' came in second, and ''Captain Blood'' third.}} |
|||
|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
|||
| '''''[[Mutiny on the Bounty (1935 film)|Mutiny on the Bounty]]''''' |
|||
| '''Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer <small>([[Frank Lloyd]] & [[Irving Thalberg]], producers)</small>''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Alice Adams (1935 film)|Alice Adams]]'' |
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| RKO Radio |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Broadway Melody of 1936]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Captain Blood (1935 film)|Captain Blood]]'' |
|||
| Cosmopolitan |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[David Copperfield (1935 film)|David Copperfield]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[The Informer (1935 film)|The Informer]]'' |
|||
| RKO Radio |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (film)|The Lives of a Bengal Lancer]]'' |
|||
| Paramount |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' |
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| Warner Bros. |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Les Misérables (1935 film)|Les Misérables]]'' |
|||
| 20th Century |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[Naughty Marietta (film)|Naughty Marietta]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Ruggles of Red Gap]]'' |
|||
| Paramount |
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|- |
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| ''[[Top Hat]]'' |
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| RKO Radio |
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|- |
|||
| rowspan=11 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1936 in film|1936]]'''<br />{{small|[[9th Academy Awards|(9th)]]}} |
|||
|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
|||
| '''''[[The Great Ziegfeld]]''''' |
|||
| '''Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer <small>([[Hunt Stromberg]], producer)</small>''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Anthony Adverse]]'' |
|||
| Warner Bros. |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Dodsworth (film)|Dodsworth]]'' |
|||
| Samuel Goldwyn Productions <small>([[Samuel Goldwyn]], producer)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Libeled Lady]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Mr. Deeds Goes to Town]]'' |
|||
| Columbia |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Romeo and Juliet (1936 film)|Romeo and Juliet]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[San Francisco (1936 film)|San Francisco]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[The Story of Louis Pasteur]]'' |
|||
| Cosmopolitan |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[A Tale of Two Cities (1935 film)|A Tale of Two Cities]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Three Smart Girls]]'' |
|||
| Universal |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=11 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1937 in film|1937]]'''<br />{{small|[[10th Academy Awards|(10th)]]}} |
|||
|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
|||
| '''''[[The Life of Emile Zola]]''''' |
|||
| '''Warner Bros. <small>([[Henry Blanke]], producer)</small>''' |
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|- |
|||
| ''[[The Awful Truth]]'' |
|||
| Columbia |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Captains Courageous (1937 film)|Captains Courageous]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Dead End (1937 film)|Dead End]]'' |
|||
| Samuel Goldwyn Productions <small>([[Samuel Goldwyn]], producer)</small> |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[The Good Earth (film)|The Good Earth]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[In Old Chicago]]'' |
|||
| [[20th Century Fox|20th Century-Fox]] |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Lost Horizon (1937 film)|Lost Horizon]]'' |
|||
| Columbia |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[One Hundred Men and a Girl]]'' |
|||
| Universal |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Stage Door]]'' |
|||
| RKO Radio |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[A Star Is Born (1937 film)|A Star Is Born]]'' |
|||
| [[Selznick International Pictures]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=11 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1938 in film|1938]]'''<br />{{small|[[11th Academy Awards|(11th)]]}} |
|||
|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
|||
| '''''[[You Can't Take It with You (film)|You Can't Take It with You]]''''' |
|||
| '''Columbia <small>([[Frank Capra]], producer)</small>''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]'' |
|||
| Warner Bros.-First National |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Alexander's Ragtime Band (film)|Alexander's Ragtime Band]]'' |
|||
| 20th Century-Fox |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Boys Town (film)|Boys Town]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[The Citadel (1938 film)|The Citadel]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Four Daughters]]'' |
|||
| Warner Bros.-First National |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[La Grande Illusion|Grand Illusion]]'' |
|||
| [[Réalisation d'art cinématographique|Réalisation d'art Cinématographique]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Jezebel (1938 film)|Jezebel]]'' |
|||
| Warner Bros. |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Pygmalion (1938 film)|Pygmalion]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Test Pilot (film)|Test Pilot]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=11 style="text-align:center"|'''[[1939 in film|1939]]'''<br />{{small|[[12th Academy Awards|(12th)]]}} |
|||
|- style="background:#FAEB86" |
|||
| '''''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]''''' |
|||
| '''Selznick International Pictures <small>([[David O. Selznick]], producer)</small>''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Dark Victory]]'' |
|||
| Warner Bros.-First National |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939 film)|Goodbye, Mr. Chips]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Love Affair (1939 film)|Love Affair]]'' |
|||
| RKO Radio |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]'' |
|||
| Columbia |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Ninotchka]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[Of Mice and Men (1939 film)|Of Mice and Men]]'' |
|||
| Hal Roach (production company) |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Stagecoach (1939 film)|Stagecoach]]'' |
|||
| Walter Wanger (production company) |
|||
|-style="background:#eee;" |
|||
| ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]'' |
|||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
|||
|- |
|||
| ''[[Wuthering Heights (1939 film)|Wuthering Heights]]'' |
|||
| Samuel Goldwyn Productions |
|||
|} |
|||
===1940s=== |
===1940s=== |
Revision as of 16:18, 12 March 2024
Academy Award for Best Picture | |
---|---|
Awarded for | Best Motion Picture of the Year |
Country | United States |
Presented by | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) |
First awarded | May 16, 19291927/1928 film season) | (for films released during the
Most recent winner | Oppenheimer (2023) |
Website | oscar |
The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards (also known as Oscars) presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) since the awards debuted in 1929. This award goes to the producers of the film and is the only category in which every member of the Academy is eligible to submit a nomination and vote on the final ballot.[1] The Best Picture category is traditionally the final award of the night and is widely considered as the most prestigious honor of the ceremony.[2][3][4]
The Grand Staircase columns at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, where the Academy Awards ceremonies have been held since 2002, showcase every film that has won the Best Picture title since the award's inception.[5] There have been 601 films nominated for Best Picture and 95 winners.[6]
History
Category name changes
At the 1st Academy Awards ceremony held in 1929 (for films made in 1927 and 1928), there were two categories of awards that were each considered the top award of the night: "Outstanding Picture" and "Unique and Artistic Picture," the former being won by the war epic Wings, and the latter by the art film Sunrise. Each award was intended to honor different and equally important aspects of superior filmmaking. In particular, The Jazz Singer was disqualified from both awards, since its use of synchronized sound made the film a sui generis item that would have unfairly competed against either category, and the Academy granted the film an honorary award instead.[7]
The following year, the Academy dropped the Unique and Artistic Picture award, deciding retroactively that the award won by Wings was the highest honor that could be awarded, and allowed synchronized sound films to compete for the award.[8] Although the award kept the title Outstanding Picture for the next ceremony, the name underwent several changes over the years as seen below. Since 1962, the award has been simply called Best Picture.[6]
- 1927/28–1928/29: Academy Award for Outstanding Picture
- 1929/30–1940: Academy Award for Outstanding Production
- 1941–1943: Academy Award for Outstanding Motion Picture
- 1944–1961: Academy Award for Best Motion Picture
- 1962–present: Academy Award for Best Picture
Recipients
Until 1950, this award was presented to a representative of the production company. That year the protocol was changed so that the award was presented to all credited producers. This rule was modified in 1999 to apply a maximum limit of three producers receiving the award, after the five producers of Shakespeare in Love had received the award.[9][10][11]
As of 2020[update], the "Special Rules for the Best Picture of the Year Award" limit recipients to those who meet two main requirements:[12]
- Those with screen credit of "producer" or "produced by", explicitly excluding those with the screen credit "executive producer, co-producer, associate producer, line producer, or produced in association with"
- those three or fewer producers who have performed the major portion of the producing functions
The rules allow a bona fide team of not more than two people to be considered a single "producer" if the two individuals have had an established producing partnership as determined by the Producers Guild of America Producing Partnership Panel. Final determination of the qualifying producer nominees for each nominated picture will be made by the Producers Branch Executive Committee, including the right to name any additional qualified producer as a nominee.[12]
The Academy can make exceptions to the limit, as when Anthony Minghella and Sydney Pollack were posthumously included among the four producers nominated for The Reader.[13] As of 2014[update] the Producers Branch Executive Committee determines such exceptions, noting they take place only in "rare and extraordinary circumstance[s]."[12]
Steven Spielberg currently holds the record for most nominations at thirteen, winning one, while Kathleen Kennedy holds the record for most nominations without a win at eight. Sam Spiegel and Saul Zaentz tie for the most wins with three each. As for the time when the Oscar was given to production companies instead, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer holds the record with five wins and 40 nominations.
Best Picture and Best Director
The Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director have been closely linked throughout their history. Of the 95 films that have won Best Picture, 68 have also been awarded Best Director. Only six films have been awarded Best Picture without receiving a Best Director nomination: Wings directed by William A. Wellman (1927/28), Grand Hotel directed by Edmund Goulding (1931/32), Driving Miss Daisy directed by Bruce Beresford (1989), Argo directed by Ben Affleck (2012), Green Book directed by Peter Farrelly (2018), and CODA directed by Sian Heder (2021). The only two Best Director winners to win for films that did not receive a Best Picture nomination were during the early years of the awards: Lewis Milestone for Two Arabian Knights (1927/28), and Frank Lloyd for The Divine Lady (1928/29).[14]
Nomination limit increased
On June 24, 2009, AMPAS announced that the number of films to be nominated in the Best Picture award category would increase from five to ten, starting with the 82nd Academy Awards (2009).[15] Although the Academy never officially said so, many commenters noted the expansion was likely in part a response to public criticism of The Dark Knight and WALL-E (both 2008) (and, in previous years, other blockbusters and popular films) not being nominated for Best Picture.[16][17][18] Officially, the Academy said the rule change was a throwback to the Academy's early years in the 1930s and 1940s, when eight to 12 films were nominated each year. "Having 10 Best Picture nominees is going to allow Academy voters to recognize and include some of the fantastic movies that often show up in the other Oscar categories but have been squeezed out of the race for the top prize," AMPAS President Sid Ganis said in a press conference. "I can't wait to see what that list of 10 looks like when the nominees are announced in February."[15]
At the same time, the voting system was switched from first-past-the-post to instant runoff voting (also known as preferential voting).[19] In 2011, the Academy revised the rule again so that the number of films nominated was between five and ten; nominated films must earn either 5% of first-place rankings or 5% after an abbreviated variation of the single transferable vote nominating process.[20] Bruce Davis, the Academy executive director at the time, said, "A Best Picture nomination should be an indication of extraordinary merit. If there are only eight pictures that truly earn that honor in a given year, we shouldn't feel an obligation to round out the number."[21] This system lasted until 2021, when the Academy reverted back to a set number of ten nominees from the 94th Academy Awards onward.[22]
Language and country of origin
Only seventeen non-English language films have been nominated in the category: La Grande Illusion (French, 1938); Z (French, 1969); The Emigrants (Swedish, 1972); Cries and Whispers (Swedish, 1973); The Postman (Il Postino) (Italian/Spanish, 1995); Life Is Beautiful (Italian, 1998); Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Mandarin Chinese, 2000); Letters from Iwo Jima (Japanese, 2006, but ineligible for Best Foreign Language Film because it was an American production); Amour (French, 2012); Roma (Spanish/Mixtec, 2018); Parasite (Korean, 2019); Minari (Korean, 2020, but ineligible for Best International Feature Film because it was an American production);[23] Drive My Car (Japanese, 2021), All Quiet on the Western Front (German, 2022), Anatomy of a Fall (French, 2023), Past Lives (Korean, 2023, but ineligible for Best International Feature Film because it was an American production) and The Zone of Interest (German/Polish/Yiddish, 2023). Parasite became the first film not in English to win Best Picture.[24][25]
Only ten films wholly financed outside the United States have won Best Picture, eight of which were financed, in part or in whole, by the United Kingdom: Hamlet (1948), Tom Jones (1963), A Man for All Seasons (1966), Chariots of Fire (1981), Gandhi (1982), The Last Emperor (1987), Slumdog Millionaire (2008), and The King's Speech (2010). The ninth film, The Artist (2011), was financed in France and the tenth film, Parasite (2019), was financed in South Korea.[26]
Rating
Since 1968, most Best Picture winners have been rated R under the Motion Picture Association's rating system. Oliver! is the only G-rated film and Midnight Cowboy is the only X-rated film (what is categorized as an NC-17 film today), so far, to win Best Picture; they won in back-to-back years, 1968 and 1969. The latter has since been changed to an R rating. Eleven films have won with a PG rating: the first was Patton (1970) and the most recent was Driving Miss Daisy (1989). Eleven more films have won with a PG-13 rating (which was introduced in 1984): the first was The Last Emperor (1987) and the most recent was CODA (2021).
Genres and mediums
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2023) |
Only three animated films have been nominated for Best Picture: Beauty and the Beast (1991), Up (2009) and Toy Story 3 (2010). The latter two were nominated after the Academy expanded the number of nominees, but none have won.
No comic book film has won, and only three have ever been nominated: Skippy (1931), Black Panther (2018), and Joker (2019).[27]
Only two fantasy films have won: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) and The Shape of Water (2017), although more have been nominated.
The Silence of the Lambs (1991) is the only horror film to win Best Picture, and only five others have been nominated for Best Picture: The Exorcist (1973), Jaws (1975), The Sixth Sense (1999), Black Swan (2010), and Get Out (2017).
Several science-fiction films have been nominated for Best Picture, though Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022) was the first one to win.[28]
Titanic (1997) is the only disaster film to win Best Picture, though other such films have been nominated, including Airport (1970) and The Towering Inferno (1974).
No documentary feature has been nominated for Best Picture, however Chang was nominated in the equally prestigious Unique and Artistic Picture category at the 1927/28 awards. A Best Documentary Feature category would later by introduced in 1941.
Several musical adaptations based on material previously filmed in non-musical form have won Best Picture, including Gigi, West Side Story, My Fair Lady, The Sound of Music, Oliver!, and Chicago.
Several epics or historical epic films have won Best Picture, including the first recipient Wings. Others include Cimarron, Cavalcade, Gone with the Wind, The Bridge on the River Kwai, Ben-Hur, Lawrence of Arabia, Patton, The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, The Last Emperor, Dances with Wolves, Schindler's List, Forrest Gump, Braveheart, The English Patient, Titanic, Gladiator, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, and Oppenheimer.
Sequel nominations and winners
Nine films that were presented as direct sequels have been nominated for Best Picture: The Bells of St. Mary's (1945; the sequel to the 1944 winner, Going My Way), The Godfather Part II (1974), The Godfather Part III (1990), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), Toy Story 3 (2010), Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), Avatar: The Way of Water (2022) and Top Gun: Maverick (2022).
Toy Story 3, Mad Max: Fury Road and Top Gun: Maverick are the only sequels to be nominated without any predecessors being nominated. The Godfather Part II and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King are the only sequels to have won the award, and their respective trilogies are the only series to have three films nominated. The Godfather series is the only film series with multiple Best Picture winners, with the first film winning the award for 1972 and the second film winning the award for 1974.[23]
Another nominee, Broadway Melody of 1936, was a follow-up of sorts to previous winner The Broadway Melody, but beyond the title and some music, the two films have mutually independent stories. The Silence of the Lambs was adapted from the sequel novel to Red Dragon. The latter had been adapted for film as Manhunter by a different studio, and the two films have different casts and creative teams and were not presented as a series.[29]
The Lion in Winter features Peter O'Toole as King Henry II, a role he had played previously in the film Becket, but The Lion in Winter is not a sequel to Becket. Similarly, The Queen features Michael Sheen as Tony Blair, a role he had played previously in the television film The Deal. Christine Langan, producer of both productions, described The Queen as not being a direct sequel, only that it reunited the same creative team.[30]
Clint Eastwood's Letters from Iwo Jima was a companion piece to his film Flags of Our Fathers that was released earlier the same year. These two films depict the same battle from the different viewpoints of Japanese and United States military forces; the two films were shot back-to-back.
In addition, Black Panther is a continuation of the events that occurred in Captain America: Civil War and the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Remake nominations and winners
Along similar lines to sequels, there have been few nominees and winners that are either remakes or adaptations of the same source materials or subjects. Ben-Hur, which won Best Picture of 1959, is a remake of the 1925 silent film with a similar title and both were adapted from Lew Wallace's 1880 novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ. The Departed, which won Best Picture of 2006, is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong film Infernal Affairs and is the first remake of a non-English language or international film to win. Other nominees include 1963's Cleopatra about the titular last queen of Egypt following the 1934 version, 2018's A Star is Born following the 1937 film of the same name, and 2019's Little Women following the 1933 film of the same name with both being adaptations of the 1868 novel.[31] True Grit, which was nominated for Best Picture of 2010, is the second adaptation of Charles Portis's 1968 novel following the 1969 film of the same name.
Four of the nominees for the 94th ceremony were based on source material previously made into films: CODA, Dune, Nightmare Alley, and West Side Story. The 2021 version of West Side Story became the second adaptation of the same source material for a previous Best Picture winner to be nominated for the same award after 1962's Mutiny on the Bounty.[32] For that same ceremony, CODA became the second remake of a non-English-language or international film to win.
The 2022 German-language All Quiet on the Western Front is the second adaptation of the 1929 novel after the 1930 English-language film, and the third adaptation of the same source material of a previous Best Picture winner.[33]
Silent film winners
At the 1st Academy Awards, the Best Picture award (then named "Academy Award for Outstanding Picture") was presented to the 1927 silent film Wings.
The Artist (2011) was the first essentially silent (with the exception of a single scene of dialogue, and a dream sequence with sound effects) film since Wings to win Best Picture. It was the first silent nominee since 1928's The Patriot. It was the first Best Picture winner to be produced entirely in black-and-white since 1960's The Apartment. (Schindler's List, the 1993 winner, was predominantly black-and-white but contains some color sequences.)[26]
Version availability
No Best Picture winner has been lost, though a few such as All Quiet on the Western Front and Lawrence of Arabia exist only in a form altered from their original, award-winning release form. This has usually been due to editing for reissue (and subsequently partly restored by archivists). Other winners and nominees, such as Tom Jones (prior to its 2018 reissues by The Criterion Collection and the British Film Institute) and Star Wars, are widely available only in subsequently altered versions. The Broadway Melody originally had some sequences photographed in two-color Technicolor. This footage survives only in black and white.[34]
The 1928 film The Patriot is the only Best Picture nominee that is lost (about one-third is extant).[35] The Racket, also from 1928, was believed lost for many years until a print was found in Howard Hughes' archives. It has since been restored and shown on Turner Classic Movies.[36] The only surviving complete prints of 1931's East Lynne and 1934's The White Parade exist within the UCLA film archive.[37]
Diversity standards
The Academy has established a set of "representation and inclusion standards", called Academy Aperture 2025, which a film will be required to satisfy in order to compete in the Best Picture category, starting with the 96th Academy Awards for films released in 2023.[38][39] There are four general standards, of which a film must satisfy two to be considered for Best Picture: (a) on-screen representation, themes and narratives; (b) creative leadership and project team; (c) industry access and opportunities; and (d) audience development.[38] As explained by Vox, the standards "basically break down into two big buckets: standards promoting more inclusive representation and standards promoting more inclusive employment".[40] The standards are intended to provide greater opportunities for employment, in cast, crew, studio apprenticeships and internships, and development, marketing, publicity, and distribution executives, among underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, women, LGBTQ+ people, and persons with cognitive or physical disabilities (not counting intellectual disabilities like the autism spectrum), or who are deaf or hard of hearing.[38][41]
For the 94th and 95th Academy Awards (films released in 2021 and 2022), filmmakers were required to submit a confidential Academy Inclusion Standards form to be considered for Best Picture but were not required to fulfill the standards.[40] These standards will only apply to the Best Picture category and do not affect a film's eligibility in other Oscar categories.[38]
2017 ceremony mistake
At the 89th Academy Awards on February 26, 2017, presenter Faye Dunaway read La La Land as the winner of the award. However, she and Warren Beatty had mistakenly been given the duplicate envelope for the "Best Actress in a Leading Role" award, which Emma Stone had won for her role in La La Land. While accepting the award, La La Land producer Jordan Horowitz, who was given the correct envelope, realized the mistake and announced that Moonlight had won the award.[42]
Winners and nominees
In the list below, winners are listed first in the gold row, followed by the other nominees.[6] Except for the early years (when the Academy used a non-calendar year), the year shown is the one in which the film first premiered in Los Angeles County, California; normally this is also the year of first release; however, it may be the year after first release (as with Casablanca and, if the film-festival premiere is considered, Crash and The Hurt Locker). This is also the year before the ceremony at which the award is given; for example, a film exhibited theatrically during 2005 was eligible for consideration for the 2005 Best Picture Oscar, awarded in 2006. The number of the ceremony (1st, 2nd, etc.) appears in parentheses after the awards year, linked to the article on that ceremony. Each individual entry shows the title followed by nominee.
Until 1950, the Best Picture award was given to the production company; from 1951 on, it has gone to the producer or producers. The Academy used the producer credits of the Producers Guild of America (PGA) until 1998, when all five producers of Shakespeare in Love made speeches after its win.[9][10] A three-producer limit has been applied some years since.[10][11] There was controversy over the exclusion of some PGA-credited producers of Crash and Little Miss Sunshine.[11] The Academy can make exceptions to the limit, as when Anthony Minghella and Sydney Pollack were posthumously among the four nominated for The Reader.[13] However, now any number of producers on a film can be nominated for Best Picture, should they be deemed eligible.
For the first ceremony, three films were nominated for the award. For the following three years, five films were nominated for the award. This was expanded to eight in 1933, to ten in 1934, and to twelve in 1935, before being dropped back to ten in 1937. In 1945, it was further reduced to five. This number remained until 2009, when the limit was raised to ten; it was adjusted from 2011 to 2020 to vary between five and ten, but has been a full ten since 2022.
For the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. For example, the 2nd Academy Awards presented on April 3, 1930, recognized films that were released between August 1, 1928, and July 31, 1929. Starting with the 7th Academy Awards, held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31. This has been the rule every year since except 2020, when the end date was extended to February 28, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and 2021, which was correspondingly limited to March 1 to December 31.
1920s
Year of Film Release | Film | Film Studio |
---|---|---|
1927/28 (1st) | ||
Wings | Famous Players–Lasky (Lucien Hubbard, Jesse L. Lasky, B.P. Schulberg , & Adolph Zukor, producers) | |
7th Heaven | Fox (William Fox, producer) | |
The Racket | The Caddo Company (Howard Hughes, producer) | |
1928/29 (2nd) [a] | ||
The Broadway Melody | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (Irving Thalberg & Lawrence Weingarten, producers) | |
Alibi | Feature Productions (Roland West, producer) | |
Hollywood Revue | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (Irving Thalberg & Harry Rapf, producers) | |
In Old Arizona | Fox (Winfield Sheehan, producer) | |
The Patriot | Paramount Famous Lasky |
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Individuals with multiple wins
Individuals with multiple nominations
Production companies with multiple nominations and wins
Columbia Pictures has the most wins with 12, while 20th Century Studios has the most nominations with 63. Focus Features has the most nominations without a win with 12.
Production Company | Nominations | Wins |
---|---|---|
Columbia Pictures | 56 | 12 |
Paramount Pictures | 22 | 11 |
Universal Pictures | 36 | 10 |
20th Century Studios | 63 | 9 |
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | 40 | 9 |
Warner Bros. Pictures | 27 | 9 |
Searchlight Pictures | 22 | 5 |
Miramax Films | 16 | 4 |
DreamWorks | 13 | 4 |
Orion Pictures | 8 | 4 |
Plan B Entertainment | 8 | 3 |
A24 | 7 | 2 |
The Weinstein Company | 6 | 2 |
Selznick International Pictures | 5 | 2 |
RKO Pictures | 11 | 1 |
Samuel Goldwyn Productions | 8 | 1 |
Apple | 3 | 1 |
J. Arthur Rank-Two Cities Films | 3 | 1 |
New Line Cinema | 3 | 1 |
Neon | 3 | 1 |
Hear/Say Productions | 2 | 1 |
Focus Features | 12 | 0 |
Netflix | 9 | 0 |
Touchstone Pictures | 6 | 0 |
Annapurna Pictures | 5 | 0 |
Walt Disney Pictures | 4 | 0 |
Cosmopolitan Productions | 3 | 0 |
Amazon MGM Studios | 3 | 0 |
Pixar Animation Studios | 2 | 0 |
Hollywood Pictures | 2 | 0 |
The Caddo Company | 2 | 0 |
Walter Wanger (production company) | 2 | 0 |
Mercury | 2 | 0 |
See also
- BAFTA Award for Best Film
- Independent Spirit Award for Best Film
- Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Picture
- Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
- Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
- Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture
- Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
- List of superlative Academy Award winners and nominees
- List of presenters of the Academy Award for Best Picture
- List of Big Five Academy Award winners and nominees
- Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture
- List of Academy Award–winning films
- List of film production companies
- List of films considered the best
- Lists of films
- Academy Aperture 2025
Notes
- ^ The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges at the time.
- ^ The Academy also announced that A Farewell to Arms came in second, and Little Women third.
- ^ The Academy also announced that The Barretts of Wimpole Street came in second, and The House of Rothschild third.
- ^ The Academy also announced that The Informer came in second, and Captain Blood third.
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The Technicolor footage for this sequence has since been lost, and only a black-and-white version is now available.
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External links
- Oscars.org (official Academy site)
- Oscar.com (official ceremony site)
- The Academy Awards Database (official site)