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{{Short description|Burmese Buddhist title}} |
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{{Buddhism}} |
{{Buddhism}} |
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'''Aggamahāpaṇḍita''' ({{lang-my|အဂ္ဂမဟာပဏ္ဍိတ}}, {{IPA-my|ʔɛʔɡa̰ məhà |
'''Aggamahāpaṇḍita''' ({{lang-my|အဂ္ဂမဟာပဏ္ဍိတ}}, {{IPA-my|ʔɛʔɡa̰ məhà pàɰ̃dḭta̰|pron}}) is an honorific [[Burmese Buddhist titles|Burmese Buddhist title]] conferred by the [[Myanmar government]] to distinguished [[Theravada]] Buddhist monks. |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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*''Agga'', from ''Aggasāvaka'' ({{my|အဂ္ဂသာဝက}}), which was conferred by the Buddha to his foremost disciples, [[Sariputta]] and [[Mahamoggallana]]. |
*''Agga'', from ''Aggasāvaka'' ({{my|အဂ္ဂသာဝက}}), which was conferred by the Buddha to his foremost disciples, [[Sariputta]] and [[Mahamoggallana]]. |
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*''Mahā'', meaning "great." |
*''Mahā'', meaning "great." |
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*''Paṇḍita'', meaning "wise or learned person," and denoting possession of wisdom and knowledge of [[Tipitaka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn12/sn12.019.than.html|title=Bala-pandita Sutta: The Fool & the Wise Person|website=www.accesstoinsight.org|access-date=2016-11-14}}</ref> |
*''Paṇḍita'', meaning "wise or learned person," and denoting possession of wisdom and knowledge of [[Tipitaka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn12/sn12.019.than.html|title=Bala-pandita Sutta: The Fool & the Wise Person|website=www.accesstoinsight.org|access-date=2016-11-14}}</ref> |
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==Qualifications== |
==Qualifications== |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Historically, the [[Buddha]] had disciples who held title of ''Aggasāvaka'' and ''Mahāsāvaka'' who were already enlightened Ariyas and regarded as leaders of the communities of monks known as the [[Sangha (Buddhism)|Sangha]]. |
Historically, the [[Buddha]] had disciples who held title of ''Aggasāvaka'' and ''Mahāsāvaka'' who were already enlightened Ariyas and regarded as leaders of the communities of monks known as the [[Sangha (Buddhism)|Sangha]]. |
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From 1915 to 1942, the British colonial government conferred the title Aggamahāpaṇḍita (အဂ္ဂမဟာပဏ္ဍိတ) to 98 monks.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dra.gov.mm/?page_id=260|title=ဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်သမိုင်း|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Religious Affairs|publisher=Ministry of Religious Affairs|language=Burmese|access-date=}}</ref> From 1951 through 1953, the Burmese government awarded the Aggamahāpaṇḍita title to 15 monks.<ref name=":1" /> |
From 1915 to 1942, the British colonial government conferred the title Aggamahāpaṇḍita (အဂ္ဂမဟာပဏ္ဍိတ) to 98 monks.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dra.gov.mm/?page_id=260|title=ဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်သမိုင်း|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Religious Affairs|publisher=Ministry of Religious Affairs|language=Burmese|access-date=}}</ref> From 1951 through 1953, the Burmese government awarded the Aggamahāpaṇḍita title to 15 monks.<ref name=":1" /> |
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*Ambalangoda [[Polwatte Buddhadatta Thera]] (1954) |
*Ambalangoda [[Polwatte Buddhadatta Thera]] (1954) |
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*[[Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero]] (1955) |
*[[Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero]] (1955) |
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*Sayadaw U Thittila (1956) |
*[[Thittila|Sayadaw U Thittila]] (1956) |
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*Anisakhan Sayadaw [[U Pandita]] |
*Anisakhan Sayadaw [[U Pandita]] |
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*Mogok Sayadaw [[Mogok Sayadaw|U Vimala]] (1962) |
*Mogok Sayadaw [[Mogok Sayadaw|U Vimala]] (1962) |
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*Mingun Sayadaw [[Mingun Sayadaw|U Vicittasarabhivamsa]] (1979) |
*Mingun Sayadaw [[Mingun Sayadaw|U Vicittasarabhivamsa]] (1979) |
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*Myaungmya Sayadaw U Nyanika (1991) |
*Myaungmya Sayadaw U Nyanika (1991) |
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*Birmingham Sayadaw U [[Rewata Dhamma|Rewatadhamma]] |
*Birmingham Sayadaw U [[Rewata Dhamma|Rewatadhamma]] (2000) |
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*Sitagu Sayadaw Ashin [[Sitagu Sayadaw|Nyanissara]] |
*Sitagu Sayadaw Ashin [[Sitagu Sayadaw|Nyanissara]] (1996) |
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*Sayadaw U [[Silananda]] (1993) |
*Sayadaw U [[Silananda]] (1993) |
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*[[Madihe Pannaseeha Thero]] (1996) |
*[[Madihe Pannaseeha Thero]] (1996) |
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*Sayadaw [[U Pannavamsa]] (1998)<ref>{{cite web |
*Sayadaw [[U Pannavamsa]] (1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbt.org.sg/Articles/sayadawgyi.htm#|title=Sayadaw U Pannavamsa|accessdate=2010-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305133203/http://www.bbt.org.sg/Articles/sayadawgyi.htm|archive-date=2012-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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*[[Walpola Rahula Thero]] (1998)<ref name="emb">{{cite web | url=http://www.slembyangon.org/culture.html | title=Religious and Cultural Relations | publisher=Embassy of Myanmar Sri Lanka | work=Aggamaha Panditha Awardees | accessdate=15 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210071258/http://slembyangon.org/culture.html | archive-date=2013-12-10 | |
*[[Walpola Rahula Thero]] (1998)<ref name="emb">{{cite web | url=http://www.slembyangon.org/culture.html | title=Religious and Cultural Relations | publisher=Embassy of Myanmar Sri Lanka | work=Aggamaha Panditha Awardees | accessdate=15 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210071258/http://slembyangon.org/culture.html | archive-date=2013-12-10 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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*Yaykyi Mingala Kyaungtaik Sayadaw, Bhaddanta Indobhasa |
*Yaykyi Mingala Kyaungtaik Sayadaw, Bhaddanta Indobhasa (1991) |
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*[[Kotugoda Dhammawasa Thero]] |
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*Thirikunamale Ananda Thero (2022) |
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*[[Gyanashree Mahathero]] (2023) |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Burmese Buddhist titles]] |
*[[Burmese Buddhist titles]] |
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*[[List of Sāsana Azani recipients]] |
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*[[Mahanayaka]] |
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*[[Monastic examinations]] |
*[[Monastic examinations]] |
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*[[Sangharaja]] |
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*[[Sayadaw]] |
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*[[Tipitakadhara Tipitakakovida Selection Examinations]] |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{Religion in Myanmar}} |
{{Religion in Myanmar}} |
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[[Category:Buddhist |
[[Category:Burmese Buddhist titles]] |
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[[Category:Buddhist titles]] |
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[[Category:Religion in Myanmar]] |
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Latest revision as of 10:25, 9 November 2023
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Aggamahāpaṇḍita (Burmese: အဂ္ဂမဟာပဏ္ဍိတ, pronounced [ʔɛʔɡa̰ məhà pàɰ̃dḭta̰]) is an honorific Burmese Buddhist title conferred by the Myanmar government to distinguished Theravada Buddhist monks.
Etymology
[edit]Aggamahāpandiṭa, meaning "foremost great and wise one," is derived from the following Pali terms:
- Agga, from Aggasāvaka (အဂ္ဂသာဝက), which was conferred by the Buddha to his foremost disciples, Sariputta and Mahamoggallana.
- Mahā, meaning "great."
- Paṇḍita, meaning "wise or learned person," and denoting possession of wisdom and knowledge of Tipitaka.[1]
Qualifications
[edit]The title is usually awarded to Buddhist monks who are highly proficient in teaching the Dhamma or those who are believed to be enlightened (arahants). The title is awarded annually in January by the head of the Burmese government, following after rigorous and subtle examination of a monk's wisdom and achievement by the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee.
Recipients must meet the following qualifications:[2]
- Possesses the Aggamahāganthavācakapaṇḍita title
- Has at least 40 years (vassa) in the monkhood
- Is an morally upright person (sīlavanta)
- Has passed the Dhammācariya examination
- Expert writer of Pali commentaries and Pali texts
- Expert teacher of Pali commentaries and Pali texts
- Serves as an abbot for a monastic college (ပရိယတ္တိစာသင်တိုက်)
- Commands authority and influence among Sangha disciples
- Free of accusations and disputes
History
[edit]Historically, the Buddha had disciples who held title of Aggasāvaka and Mahāsāvaka who were already enlightened Ariyas and regarded as leaders of the communities of monks known as the Sangha.
From 1915 to 1942, the British colonial government conferred the title Aggamahāpaṇḍita (အဂ္ဂမဟာပဏ္ဍိတ) to 98 monks.[3] From 1951 through 1953, the Burmese government awarded the Aggamahāpaṇḍita title to 15 monks.[3]
List of recipients
[edit]- Ledi Sayadaw (1911, Title offered by the Government of India)
- Ashin Janakabhivamsa (1948)
- Mahasi Sayadaw (1952)
- Ambalangoda Polwatte Buddhadatta Thera (1954)
- Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero (1955)
- Sayadaw U Thittila (1956)
- Anisakhan Sayadaw U Pandita
- Mogok Sayadaw U Vimala (1962)
- Mingun Sayadaw U Vicittasarabhivamsa (1979)
- Myaungmya Sayadaw U Nyanika (1991)
- Birmingham Sayadaw U Rewatadhamma (2000)
- Sitagu Sayadaw Ashin Nyanissara (1996)
- Sayadaw U Silananda (1993)
- Madihe Pannaseeha Thero (1996)
- Sayadaw U Pannavamsa (1998)[4]
- Walpola Rahula Thero (1998)[5]
- Yaykyi Mingala Kyaungtaik Sayadaw, Bhaddanta Indobhasa (1991)
- Kotugoda Dhammawasa Thero
- Thirikunamale Ananda Thero (2022)
- Gyanashree Mahathero (2023)
See also
[edit]- Burmese Buddhist titles
- List of Sāsana Azani recipients
- Mahanayaka
- Monastic examinations
- Sangharaja
- Sayadaw
- Tipitakadhara Tipitakakovida Selection Examinations
References
[edit]- ^ "Bala-pandita Sutta: The Fool & the Wise Person". www.accesstoinsight.org. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
- ^ "ဘွဲ့တံဆိပ် ဂုဏ်အင်္ဂါအရည်အချင်းသတ်မှတ်ချက်". Department of Religious Affairs (in Burmese). Ministry of Religious Affairs. 17 June 2015.
- ^ a b "ဘွဲ့တံဆိပ်သမိုင်း". Department of Religious Affairs (in Burmese). Ministry of Religious Affairs.
- ^ "Sayadaw U Pannavamsa". Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
- ^ "Religious and Cultural Relations". Aggamaha Panditha Awardees. Embassy of Myanmar Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 2013-12-10. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
External links
[edit]- List of Some Sayadaws with Agga Maha Pandita Title
- "Myanmar Literature Project" - Southeast Asian Studies Passau
- Myanmar Theravada Buddhism website in English
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