Alto saxophone: Difference between revisions
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Some notable jazz alto saxophonists include [[Charlie Parker]], [[Kenny Garrett]], [[Jimmy Dorsey]], [[Johnny Hodges]], [[Art Pepper]], [[Cannonball Adderley]], [[Eric Dolphy]], [[Sonny Stitt]], [[David Sanborn]], [[Ornette Coleman]], [[Anthony Braxton]], [[Phil Woods]], [[John Zorn]], and [[Paul Desmond]]. |
Some notable jazz alto saxophonists include [[Charlie Parker]], [[Kenny Garrett]], [[Jimmy Dorsey]], [[Johnny Hodges]], [[Art Pepper]], [[Cannonball Adderley]], [[Eric Dolphy]], [[Sonny Stitt]], [[David Sanborn]], [[Ornette Coleman]], [[Anthony Braxton]], [[Phil Woods]], [[John Zorn]], and [[Paul Desmond]]. |
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Some notable classical alto saxophonists include [[Timothy McAllister]], [[Marcel Mule]], [[Sigurd Raschèr]], [[Jean-Yves Fourmeau]], [[Lawrence Gwozdz]], [[Frederick L. Hemke]], [[Donald Sinta]], [[Harvey Pittel]], [[Larry Teal]], [[Jean-Marie Londeix]], [[Kenneth Tse]], [[Arno Bornkamp]], [[Harry White (saxophonist)|Harry White]], [[Otis Murphy]], [[Claude Delangle]] |
Some notable classical alto saxophonists include [[Timothy McAllister]], [[Marcel Mule]], [[Sigurd Raschèr]], [[Jean-Yves Fourmeau]], [[Lawrence Gwozdz]], [[Frederick L. Hemke]], [[Donald Sinta]], [[Harvey Pittel]], [[Larry Teal]], [[Jean-Marie Londeix]], [[Kenneth Tse]], [[Arno Bornkamp]], [[Harry White (saxophonist)|Harry White]], [[Otis Murphy]], [[Claude Delangle]] [[Eugene Rousseau (saxophonist)|Eugene Rousseau]], and [[adolf hitler]]. |
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== Manufacturers == |
== Manufacturers == |
Revision as of 19:50, 1 October 2014
Woodwind instrument | |
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Classification | Single-reed |
Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 422.212-71 (Single-reed aerophone with keys) |
Inventor(s) | Adolphe Sax |
Developed | 1840s |
Playing range | |
In E♭: sounds a major sixth lower than written. Most modern alto saxophones can reach a high F♯ | |
Related instruments | |
Sizes:
Orchestral saxophones: Specialty saxophones: | |
Musicians | |
See list of saxophonists |
The alto saxophone is a member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments invented by Belgian instrument designer Adolphe Sax in 1841. It is smaller than the tenor but larger than the soprano, and is the type most used in classical compositions. The alto and tenor are the most common types of saxophones. The alto saxophone is commonly used in classical music (such as concert bands, chamber music, and solo repertoire), military bands, marching bands, and jazz (such as big bands, jazz combos, etc.).
Type
The alto saxophone is an E♭ transposing instrument and reads the treble clef. A written C-natural sounds a major sixth lower (E♭) when played. Because the alto saxophone is a reed instrument, it is classified as a woodwind instrument.
Range
The range of the alto saxophone is from concert D♭3 (the D♭ below middle C—see Scientific pitch notation) to concert A♭5 (or A5 on altos with a high F♯ key). As with most types of saxophones, the standard written range is B♭3 to F6 (or F♯6).[1] Above that, the altissimo register begins at F♯ and extends upwards. The saxophone's altissimo register is more difficult to control than that of other woodwinds and is usually only expected from advanced players. By covering or partially covering the bell of the saxophone when playing B♭3, it is possible for the alto saxophone to reach A3 as well[citation needed].
Alto saxophonists
Some notable jazz alto saxophonists include Charlie Parker, Kenny Garrett, Jimmy Dorsey, Johnny Hodges, Art Pepper, Cannonball Adderley, Eric Dolphy, Sonny Stitt, David Sanborn, Ornette Coleman, Anthony Braxton, Phil Woods, John Zorn, and Paul Desmond.
Some notable classical alto saxophonists include Timothy McAllister, Marcel Mule, Sigurd Raschèr, Jean-Yves Fourmeau, Lawrence Gwozdz, Frederick L. Hemke, Donald Sinta, Harvey Pittel, Larry Teal, Jean-Marie Londeix, Kenneth Tse, Arno Bornkamp, Harry White, Otis Murphy, Claude Delangle Eugene Rousseau, and adolf hitler.
Manufacturers
Some companies that currently produce saxophones are Buffet Crampon, KHS/Jupiter, Conn-Selmer, Selmer Paris, Yamaha, Leblanc/Vito, Keilwerth, Cannonball, and Yanagisawa. New alto saxophones range in price between US$200 for lower quality student models to over US$8000 for professional models.
In classical music
The alto saxophone, has a large classical solo repertoire that includes solos with orchestra, piano, and wind symphony. Two of the most well-known solo compositions are Jacques Ibert's "Concertino da Camera" and Alexander Glazunov's "Concerto in E Flat major".
Also, the alto saxophone is part of the standard instrumentation of concert bands and saxophone quartets.
The alto saxophone is also occasionally used in orchestral compositions. Several orchestral examples are listed below.
Georges Bizet features it in the Minuet from the second suite of music from L'Arlésienne.
It was called for by Richard Strauss in his Sinfonia Domestica, which includes parts for four saxophones including an alto saxophone in F.
Dmitri Shostakovich uses the alto in his Suite for Variety Orchestra and it has a prominent solo in the Waltz No. 2 section. He also includes it in his Suite No. 1 and Suite No. 2.
Maurice Ravel uses the saxophone prominently in his orchestration of Modest Moussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, most notably as the soloist in "Il Vecchio Castello".
Alban Berg uses the saxophone in his late orchestral works, most notably "Der Wein", Lulu, and the Violin Concerto.
Sergei Rachmaninoff uses the saxophone in his Symphonic Dances as a soloist in the first movement.
George Gershwin includes it in a few pieces; such as Rhapsody in Blue and An American in Paris.
Pierre Boulez wrote for 2 alto saxes in his composition Pli Selon Pli ("Fold By Fold").
Benjamin Britten calls for an alto in his Sinfonia da Requiem and The Prince of the Pagodas.
Leonard Bernstein includes an alto sax in his Symphonic Dances From West Side Story.
Vincent Indy enlists two altos in his opera Fervaal.
Darius Milhaud writes for an alto in La Creation du Monde.
Gallery of Alto Saxophones
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Conn 6M "Lady Face" brass alto (dated 1935) in its original case
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Conn 'Pan American' alto, manufactured circa 1948. Has similar body to a Conn 6M and keywork which is reminiscent of a Conn New Wonder Series 1 and 2
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Grafton alto made of plastic, circa 1950s
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Yamaha YAS-25 alto saxophone, circa 1990s
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Yanagisawa A9932J alto saxophone: has a solid silver bell and neck with solid phosphor bronze body. Manufactured in 2008
References
- ^ "Range of the Alto Saxophone". Library.thinkquest.org. Archived from the original on 2009-03-17. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
- ^ Photo Gallery :: SaxPics.com