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Central Asmat language: Difference between revisions

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![[Stop consonant|Plosive]]
![[Plosive]]
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
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|{{IPA link|k}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|-
|-
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
![[Fricative]]
|{{IPA link|f}}
|{{IPA link|f}}
|{{IPA link|s}}
|{{IPA link|s}}
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* /p/ can be heard as a fricative [ɸ] when in intervocalic positions, as [pʷ] in the speech of older speakers when preceding /e/.
* /p/ can be heard as a fricative {{IPAblink|ɸ}} when in intervocalic positions, as {{IPAblink|pʷ}} in the speech of older speakers when preceding /e/.
* /tʃ/ can be heard as a palatalized [tʲ] when in word-final positions following /i/.
* /tʃ/ can be heard as a palatalized {{IPAblink|tʲ}} when in word-final positions following /i/.
* /k/ can be heard as a fricative [x] when following a vowel and preceding a consonant.
* /k/ can be heard as a fricative {{IPAblink|x}} when following a vowel and preceding a consonant.
* /s/ can be heard as fricatives [θ, ʃ] among some older speakers.
* /s/ can be heard as fricatives {{IPAblink|θ}} or {{IPAblink|ʃ}} among some older speakers.
* /r/ can be heard as a flap [ɾ] in word-medial and word-final positions.
* /r/ can be heard as a flap {{IPAblink|ɾ}} in word-medial and word-final positions.
* /ʝ/ can be heard as [dʒ] or [j] in word-initial positions.
* /ʝ/ can be heard as {{IPAblink|dʒ}} or {{IPAblink|j}} in word-initial positions.
* Nasals /m, n/ may fluctuate to voiced stops [b, d] in word-initial positions, and as prenasal stops [ᵐb, ⁿd] when in syllable-initial positions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Voorhoeve |first=Clemens L. |title=The Flamingo Bay Dialect of the Asmat Language |publisher=The Hague: M.Nijhoff |year=1965}}</ref>
* Nasals /m, n/ may fluctuate to voiced stops [{{IPA link|b}}, {{IPA link|d}}] in word-initial positions, and as prenasal stops [{{IPA link|ᵐb}}, {{IPA link|ⁿd}}] when in syllable-initial positions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Voorhoeve |first=Clemens L. |title=The Flamingo Bay Dialect of the Asmat Language |publisher=The Hague: M.Nijhoff |year=1965}}</ref>


=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
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![[High vowel|High]]
![[High vowel|High]]
| align="center" |{{IPA link|i}}
|{{IPA link|i}}
|
| align="center" |
| align="center" |{{IPA link|u}}
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| align="center" |{{IPA link|e}}
|{{IPA link|e}}
|{{IPA link|ə}}
|{{IPA link|ə}}
| align="center" |{{IPA link|o}}
|{{IPA link|o}}
|-
|-
![[Low vowel|Low]]
![[Low vowel|Low]]
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| align="center" |{{IPA link|a}}
|{{IPA link|a}}
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|/i/
|/i/
|{{IPAblink|i}}, {{IPAblink|y}}, {{IPAblink|ɪ}}
|[i], [y], [ɪ]
|-
|-
|/e/
|/e/
|[e], [ɛ], [ø]
|{{IPAblink|e}}, {{IPAblink|ɛ}}, {{IPAblink|ø}}
|-
|-
|/a/
|/a/
|[ä], [a], [æ]
|{{IPAblink|ä}}, {{IPAblink|a}}, {{IPAblink|æ}}
|-
|-
|/o/
|/o/
|[o], [ɤ], [ɔ]
|{{IPAblink|o}}, {{IPAblink|ɤ}}, {{IPAblink|ɔ}}
|-
|-
|/u/
|/u/
|{{IPAblink|u}}, {{IPAblink|ʉ}}
|[u], [ʉ]
|}
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Latest revision as of 04:38, 8 March 2024

Central Asmat
Native toIndonesia
RegionAsmat Regency, South Papua
EthnicityAsmat people
Native speakers
(7,000 cited 1972)[1]
2,000 Yaosakor (1991), perhaps counted above
Language codes
ISO 639-3cns – inclusive code
Individual code:
asy – Yaosakor Asmat
Glottologcent2247

Central Asmat is a Papuan language of West New Guinea, spoken by the Asmat people.

Dialects

[edit]

Central Asmat has a number of dialects, which are:[2]

  • Keenok
  • Sokoni
  • Keenakap
  • Kawenak (subdialects: Simai, Kainak, Mismam, Mecemup)

Yaosakor Asmat, assigned its own ISO code, is a variety of Central Asmat, not a distinct language.

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n
Plosive p t tʃ k
Fricative f s ʝ
Rhotic r
Approximant w
  • /p/ can be heard as a fricative [ɸ] when in intervocalic positions, as [pʷ] in the speech of older speakers when preceding /e/.
  • /tʃ/ can be heard as a palatalized [tʲ] when in word-final positions following /i/.
  • /k/ can be heard as a fricative [x] when following a vowel and preceding a consonant.
  • /s/ can be heard as fricatives [θ] or [ʃ] among some older speakers.
  • /r/ can be heard as a flap [ɾ] in word-medial and word-final positions.
  • /ʝ/ can be heard as [dʒ] or [j] in word-initial positions.
  • Nasals /m, n/ may fluctuate to voiced stops [b, d] in word-initial positions, and as prenasal stops [ᵐb, ⁿd] when in syllable-initial positions.[3]

Vowels

[edit]
Front Central Back
High i u
Mid e ə o
Low a
Phoneme Allophones
/i/ [i], [y], [ɪ]
/e/ [e], [ɛ], [ø]
/a/ [ä], [a], [æ]
/o/ [o], [ɤ], [ɔ]
/u/ [u], [ʉ]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Central Asmat at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Yaosakor Asmat at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Usher, Timothy; Suter, Edgar (2020). "The Asmat-Muli Languages of Southwestern New Guinea" (PDF). Language & Linguistics in Melanesia. 38. Port Moresby: Journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea. ISSN 0023-1959.
  3. ^ Voorhoeve, Clemens L. (1965). The Flamingo Bay Dialect of the Asmat Language. The Hague: M.Nijhoff.
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