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Importing Wikidata short description: "Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens"
 
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{{Short description|Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens}}
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{{PBB|geneid=114757}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Cytoglobin''' is the protein product of '''CYGB''', a [[human]] and [[mammalian]] [[gene]].<ref name="entrez"/>
'''Cytoglobin''' is the protein product of '''CYGB''', a [[human]] and [[mammalian]] [[gene]].<ref name="entrez"/>


Cytoglobin is a [[globin]] molecule ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and most notably utilized in [[marine mammals]]. It is thought to be a method of protection under conditions of [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]]. The predicted function of cytoglobin is the transfer of oxygen from arterial blood to the brain.<ref name="sciencedaily">{{cite web | title = Why Diving Marine Mammals Resist Brain Damage from Low Oxygen| url= http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/12/071218192033.htm }}</ref>
Cytoglobin is a [[globin]] molecule ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and most notably utilized in [[marine mammals]]. It was discovered in 2001<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kawada N, Kristensen DB, Asahina K, Nakatani K, Minamiyama Y, Seki S, Yoshizato K | title = Characterization of a stellate cell activation-associated protein (STAP) with peroxidase activity found in rat hepatic stellate cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 27 | pages = 25318–23 | date = Jul 2001 | pmid = 11320098 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M102630200 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and named cytoglobin in 2002.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Burmester T, Ebner B, Weich B, Hankeln T | title = Cytoglobin: a novel globin type ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate tissues | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 416–21 | date = Apr 2002 | pmid = 11919282 | doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004096 | doi-access = free }}</ref> It is thought to protect against [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]]. The predicted function of cytoglobin is the transfer of oxygen from arterial blood to the brain.<ref name="sciencedaily">{{cite web | title = Why Diving Marine Mammals Resist Brain Damage from Low Oxygen| url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/12/071218192033.htm | work = ScienceDaily | date = 20 December 2007 }}</ref>


== Function ==
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
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| summary_text = Cytoglobin is a ubiquitously expressed [[hexacoordinate]] [[hemoglobin]] that may facilitate diffusion of oxygen through tissues, scavenge [[nitric oxide]] or reactive oxygen species, or serve a protective function during [[oxidative stress]] (Trent and Hargrove, 2002).[supplied by OMIM]<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CYGB cytoglobin| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=114757| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


⚫
Cytoglobin is a ubiquitously expressed [[hexacoordinate]] [[hemoglobin]] that may facilitate diffusion of oxygen through tissues, scavenge [[nitric oxide]] or reactive oxygen species, or serve a protective function during [[oxidative stress]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CYGB cytoglobin| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=114757 }}</ref><ref name="Trent_2002">{{cite journal | vauthors = Trent JT, Hargrove MS | title = A ubiquitously expressed human hexacoordinate hemoglobin | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 22 | pages = 19538–45 | date = May 2002 | pmid = 11893755 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M201934200 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
⚫
==References==

== Applications ==

CYGB expression can be used as a specific marker with which [[hepatic stellate cell]]s can be distinguished from portal [[myofibroblast]]s in the damaged human liver.<ref name="pmid24296877">{{cite journal | vauthors = Motoyama H, Komiya T, Thuy le TT, Tamori A, Enomoto M, Morikawa H, Iwai S, Uchida-Kobayashi S, Fujii H, Hagihara A, Kawamura E, Murakami Y, Yoshizato K, Kawada N | title = Cytoglobin is expressed in hepatic stellate cells, but not in myofibroblasts, in normal and fibrotic human liver | journal = Laboratory Investigation | volume = 94 | issue = 2 | pages = 192–207 | date = Feb 2014 | pmid = 24296877 | doi = 10.1038/labinvest.2013.135 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

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== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kawada N, Kristensen DB, Asahina K, Nakatani K, Minamiyama Y, Seki S, Yoshizato K | title = Characterization of a stellate cell activation-associated protein (STAP) with peroxidase activity found in rat hepatic stellate cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 27 | pages = 25318–23 | date = Jul 2001 | pmid = 11320098 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M102630200 | doi-access = free }}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Burmester T, Ebner B, Weich B, Hankeln T | title = Cytoglobin: a novel globin type ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate tissues | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 416–21 | date = Apr 2002 | pmid = 11919282 | doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004096 | doi-access = free }}
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Kawada N, Kristensen DB, Asahina K, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of a stellate cell activation-associated protein (STAP) with peroxidase activity found in rat hepatic stellate cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 27 |pages= 25318–23 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11320098 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M102630200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Asahina K, Kawada N, Kristensen DB, Nakatani K, Seki S, Shiokawa M, Tateno C, Obara M, Yoshizato K | title = Characterization of human stellate cell activation-associated protein and its expression in human liver | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression | volume = 1577 | issue = 3 | pages = 471–5 | date = Sep 2002 | pmid = 12359339 | doi = 10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00477-3 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Trent JT, Hargrove MS |title=A ubiquitously expressed human hexacoordinate hemoglobin. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 22 |pages= 19538–45 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11893755 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M201934200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sawai H, Kawada N, Yoshizato K, Nakajima H, Aono S, Shiro Y | title = Characterization of the heme environmental structure of cytoglobin, a fourth globin in humans | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 42 | issue = 17 | pages = 5133–42 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12718557 | doi = 10.1021/bi027067e }}
*{{cite journal | author=Burmester T, Ebner B, Weich B, Hankeln T |title=Cytoglobin: a novel globin type ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate tissues. |journal=Mol. Biol. Evol. |volume=19 |issue= 4 |pages= 416–21 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11919282 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Geuens E, Brouns I, Flamez D, Dewilde S, Timmermans JP, Moens L | title = A globin in the nucleus! | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 33 | pages = 30417–20 | date = Aug 2003 | pmid = 12796507 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C300203200 | doi-access = free }}
*{{cite journal | author=Asahina K, Kawada N, Kristensen DB, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of human stellate cell activation-associated protein and its expression in human liver. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1577 |issue= 3 |pages= 471–5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12359339 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hamdane D, Kiger L, Dewilde S, Green BN, Pesce A, Uzan J, Burmester T, Hankeln T, Bolognesi M, Moens L, Marden MC | title = The redox state of the cell regulates the ligand binding affinity of human neuroglobin and cytoglobin | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 51 | pages = 51713–21 | date = Dec 2003 | pmid = 14530264 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M309396200 | doi-access = free }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Schmidt M, Gerlach F, Avivi A, Laufs T, Wystub S, Simpson JC, Nevo E, Saaler-Reinhardt S, Reuss S, Hankeln T, Burmester T | title = Cytoglobin is a respiratory protein in connective tissue and neurons, which is up-regulated by hypoxia | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 9 | pages = 8063–9 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 14660570 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M310540200 | doi-access = free }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sawai H, Kawada N, Yoshizato K, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of the heme environmental structure of cytoglobin, a fourth globin in humans |journal=Biochemistry |volume=42 |issue= 17 |pages= 5133–42 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12718557 |doi= 10.1021/bi027067e }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hünermund G, Schirmacher A, Ringelstein B, Young P, Watts GD, Meuleman J, Nelis E, Chance PF, Timmerman V, Stögbauer F, Kuhlenbäumer G | title = Genomic organization and mutation analysis of three candidate genes for hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy | journal = Muscle & Nerve | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 601–4 | date = Apr 2004 | pmid = 15052627 | doi = 10.1002/mus.20009 | s2cid = 39945876 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Geuens E, Brouns I, Flamez D, ''et al.'' |title=A globin in the nucleus! |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 33 |pages= 30417–20 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12796507 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.C300203200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = de Sanctis D, Dewilde S, Pesce A, Moens L, Ascenzi P, Hankeln T, Burmester T, Bolognesi M | title = Crystal structure of cytoglobin: the fourth globin type discovered in man displays heme hexa-coordination | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 336 | issue = 4 | pages = 917–27 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 15095869 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.12.063 | s2cid = 21144924 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hamdane D, Kiger L, Dewilde S, ''et al.'' |title=The redox state of the cell regulates the ligand binding affinity of human neuroglobin and cytoglobin |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 51 |pages= 51713–21 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14530264 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M309396200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sugimoto H, Makino M, Sawai H, Kawada N, Yoshizato K, Shiro Y | title = Structural basis of human cytoglobin for ligand binding | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 339 | issue = 4 | pages = 873–85 | date = Jun 2004 | pmid = 15165856 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.04.024 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schmidt M, Gerlach F, Avivi A, ''et al.'' |title=Cytoglobin is a respiratory protein in connective tissue and neurons, which is up-regulated by hypoxia |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 9 |pages= 8063–9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14660570 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M310540200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fago A, Hundahl C, Dewilde S, Gilany K, Moens L, Weber RE | title = Allosteric regulation and temperature dependence of oxygen binding in human neuroglobin and cytoglobin. Molecular mechanisms and physiological significance | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 43 | pages = 44417–26 | date = Oct 2004 | pmid = 15299006 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M407126200 | doi-access = free }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hamdane D, Kiger L, Dewilde S, Uzan J, Burmester T, Hankeln T, Moens L, Marden MC | title = Hyperthermal stability of neuroglobin and cytoglobin | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 272 | issue = 8 | pages = 2076–84 | date = Apr 2005 | pmid = 15819897 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04635.x | s2cid = 13377138 | doi-access = free }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hünermund G, Schirmacher A, Ringelstein B, ''et al.'' |title=Genomic organization and mutation analysis of three candidate genes for hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy |journal=Muscle Nerve |volume=29 |issue= 4 |pages= 601–4 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15052627 |doi= 10.1002/mus.20009 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sawai H, Makino M, Mizutani Y, Ohta T, Sugimoto H, Uno T, Kawada N, Yoshizato K, Kitagawa T, Shiro Y | title = Structural characterization of the proximal and distal histidine environment of cytoglobin and neuroglobin | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 44 | issue = 40 | pages = 13257–65 | date = Oct 2005 | pmid = 16201751 | doi = 10.1021/bi050997o }}
*{{cite journal | author=de Sanctis D, Dewilde S, Pesce A, ''et al.'' |title=Crystal structure of cytoglobin: the fourth globin type discovered in man displays heme hexa-coordination |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=336 |issue= 4 |pages= 917–27 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15095869 |doi=10.1016/j.jmb.2003.12.063 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Shaw RJ, Liloglou T, Rogers SN, Brown JS, Vaughan ED, Lowe D, Field JK, Risk JM | title = Promoter methylation of P16, RARbeta, E-cadherin, cyclin A1 and cytoglobin in oral cancer: quantitative evaluation using pyrosequencing | journal = British Journal of Cancer | volume = 94 | issue = 4 | pages = 561–8 | date = Feb 2006 | pmid = 16449996 | pmc = 2361183 | doi = 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602972 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sugimoto H, Makino M, Sawai H, ''et al.'' |title=Structural basis of human cytoglobin for ligand binding |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=339 |issue= 4 |pages= 873–85 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15165856 |doi= 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.04.024 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = McRonald FE, Liloglou T, Xinarianos G, Hill L, Rowbottom L, Langan JE, Ellis A, Shaw JM, Field JK, Risk JM | title = Down-regulation of the cytoglobin gene, located on 17q25, in tylosis with oesophageal cancer (TOC): evidence for trans-allele repression | journal = Human Molecular Genetics | volume = 15 | issue = 8 | pages = 1271–7 | date = Apr 2006 | pmid = 16510494 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/ddl042 | doi-access = free }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fago A, Hundahl C, Dewilde S, ''et al.'' |title=Allosteric regulation and temperature dependence of oxygen binding in human neuroglobin and cytoglobin. Molecular mechanisms and physiological significance |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 43 |pages= 44417–26 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15299006 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M407126200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Xinarianos G, McRonald FE, Risk JM, Bowers NL, Nikolaidis G, Field JK, Liloglou T | title = Frequent genetic and epigenetic abnormalities contribute to the deregulation of cytoglobin in non-small cell lung cancer | journal = Human Molecular Genetics | volume = 15 | issue = 13 | pages = 2038–44 | date = Jul 2006 | pmid = 16698880 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/ddl128 | doi-access = free }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hamdane D, Kiger L, Dewilde S, ''et al.'' |title=Hyperthermal stability of neuroglobin and cytoglobin |journal=FEBS J. |volume=272 |issue= 8 |pages= 2076–84 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15819897 |doi= 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04635.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sawai H, Makino M, Mizutani Y, ''et al.'' |title=Structural characterization of the proximal and distal histidine environment of cytoglobin and neuroglobin |journal=Biochemistry |volume=44 |issue= 40 |pages= 13257–65 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16201751 |doi= 10.1021/bi050997o }}
*{{cite journal | author=Shaw RJ, Liloglou T, Rogers SN, ''et al.'' |title=Promoter methylation of P16, RARβ, E-cadherin, cyclin A1 and cytoglobin in oral cancer: quantitative evaluation using pyrosequencing |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=94 |issue= 4 |pages= 561–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16449996 |doi= 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602972 | pmc=2361183 }}
*{{cite journal | author=McRonald FE, Liloglou T, Xinarianos G, ''et al.'' |title=Down-regulation of the cytoglobin gene, located on 17q25, in tylosis with oesophageal cancer (TOC): evidence for trans-allele repression |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=15 |issue= 8 |pages= 1271–7 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16510494 |doi= 10.1093/hmg/ddl042 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Xinarianos G, McRonald FE, Risk JM, ''et al.'' |title=Frequent genetic and epigenetic abnormalities contribute to the deregulation of cytoglobin in non-small cell lung cancer |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=15 |issue= 13 |pages= 2038–44 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16698880 |doi= 10.1093/hmg/ddl128 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=114757}}


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== External links ==
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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==External links==
* {{MeshName|cytoglobin}}
* {{MeshName|cytoglobin}}


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{{PDB Gallery|geneid=114757}}
{{Hemeproteins}}
{{Hemeproteins}}


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{{gene-17-stub}}
{{gene-17-stub}}

[[de:Cytoglobin]]
[[fr:Cytoglobine]]

Latest revision as of 19:33, 13 October 2022

CYGB
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesCYGB, HGB, STAP, cytoglobin
External IDsOMIM: 608759; MGI: 2149481; HomoloGene: 12706; GeneCards: CYGB; OMA:CYGB - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

114757

114886

Ensembl

ENSG00000161544

ENSMUSG00000020810

UniProt

Q8WWM9

Q9CX80

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_134268

NM_030206

RefSeq (protein)

NP_599030

NP_084482

Location (UCSC)Chr 17: 76.53 – 76.55 MbChr 11: 116.54 – 116.55 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Cytoglobin is the protein product of CYGB, a human and mammalian gene.[5]

Cytoglobin is a globin molecule ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and most notably utilized in marine mammals. It was discovered in 2001[6] and named cytoglobin in 2002.[7] It is thought to protect against hypoxia. The predicted function of cytoglobin is the transfer of oxygen from arterial blood to the brain.[8]

Function

[edit]

Cytoglobin is a ubiquitously expressed hexacoordinate hemoglobin that may facilitate diffusion of oxygen through tissues, scavenge nitric oxide or reactive oxygen species, or serve a protective function during oxidative stress.[5][9]

Applications

[edit]

CYGB expression can be used as a specific marker with which hepatic stellate cells can be distinguished from portal myofibroblasts in the damaged human liver.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000161544 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020810 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: CYGB cytoglobin".
  6. ^ Kawada N, Kristensen DB, Asahina K, Nakatani K, Minamiyama Y, Seki S, Yoshizato K (Jul 2001). "Characterization of a stellate cell activation-associated protein (STAP) with peroxidase activity found in rat hepatic stellate cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (27): 25318–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102630200. PMID 11320098.
  7. ^ Burmester T, Ebner B, Weich B, Hankeln T (Apr 2002). "Cytoglobin: a novel globin type ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate tissues". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 19 (4): 416–21. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004096. PMID 11919282.
  8. ^ "Why Diving Marine Mammals Resist Brain Damage from Low Oxygen". ScienceDaily. 20 December 2007.
  9. ^ Trent JT, Hargrove MS (May 2002). "A ubiquitously expressed human hexacoordinate hemoglobin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (22): 19538–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201934200. PMID 11893755.
  10. ^ Motoyama H, Komiya T, Thuy le TT, Tamori A, Enomoto M, Morikawa H, Iwai S, Uchida-Kobayashi S, Fujii H, Hagihara A, Kawamura E, Murakami Y, Yoshizato K, Kawada N (Feb 2014). "Cytoglobin is expressed in hepatic stellate cells, but not in myofibroblasts, in normal and fibrotic human liver". Laboratory Investigation. 94 (2): 192–207. doi:10.1038/labinvest.2013.135. PMID 24296877.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]


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