European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|American campaign medal}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox award |
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|name=European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal |
|name=European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal |
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|image= |
|image=EAMECM.jpg |
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|image_size=115px |
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|caption=European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal |
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|caption='''[[Obverse and reverse|Obverse]]''' |
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|awarded_by=[[Department of the Army]]<br>[[Department of the Navy]] |
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|presenter=[[United States Department of War|Department of War]] and [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]] |
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|type=Campaign Medal |
|type=[[Campaign Medal ]] |
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|eligibility=served in the armed forces between the following dates: |
|eligibility=served in the armed forces between the following dates: |
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*between December 7, 1941 and March 2, 1946, for military service, in geographical theater areas of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East. |
*between December 7, 1941, and March 2, 1946, for military service, in geographical theater areas of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East. |
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|status=Inactive |
|status=Inactive |
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|firstawarded=December 7, 1941 |
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|lastawarded=March 2, 1946 |
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|total_awarded= |
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|total= |
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|total_awarded_posthumously= |
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|posthumous= |
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|total_recipients= |
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|recipients= |
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|individual= |
|individual= |
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|equal= |
|equal= |
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|same=[[Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal]]<br/>[[American Campaign Medal]] |
|same=[[Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal]]<br/>[[American Campaign Medal]] |
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|lower=[[World War II Victory Medal]] |
|lower=[[World War II Victory Medal]] |
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|image2=[[File:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign ribbon.svg| |
|image2=[[File:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign ribbon.svg|100px]]<br><br>[[File:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png|230px]] |
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|caption2= |
|caption2=Ribbon and streamer |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal''' |
The '''European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal''' was a [[United States service medals of the World Wars|military award]] of the [[United States Armed Forces]] which was first created on November 6, 1942, by {{ExecutiveOrder|9265}} <ref>*[https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/09265.html Federal Register for Executive Order 9265]</ref><ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal">{{cite web|url= http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15299&CategoryId=4&grp=4&menu=Decorations%20and%20Medals&ps=24&p=0|title= European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal|publisher= The Institute of Heraldry: Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the ARMY|access-date= Jan 9, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092909/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15299&CategoryId=4&grp=4&menu=Decorations%20and%20Medals&ps=24&p=0|archive-date= May 18, 2015|url-status= dead}}</ref> issued by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]].<ref name="European–African–Middle EASTERN CAMPAIGN MEDAL Fact Sheet">{{cite web|url= http://www.afpc.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7799|title= European–African–Middle EASTERN CAMPAIGN MEDAL Fact Sheet|publisher= Air force Personnel Center|date= Aug 23, 2010|access-date= Jan 9, 2014|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131106025919/http://www.afpc.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7799|archive-date= 2013-11-06}}</ref> |
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The medal was intended to recognize those military service members who had performed military duty in the [[European Theater]] (to include [[North Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]) during the years of the [[Second World War]].<ref name="Naval Historical Center">{{cite web|url= http://www.history.navy.mil/medals/eame.htm |title=Naval Historical Center|publisher= Naval Historical Center|date= June 23, 1998| |
The medal was intended to recognize those military service members who had performed military duty in the [[European Theater]] (to include [[North Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]) during the years of the [[Second World War]].<ref name="Naval Historical Center">{{cite web|url= http://www.history.navy.mil/medals/eame.htm |title=Naval Historical Center|publisher= Naval Historical Center|date= June 23, 1998|access-date=Jan 9, 2014}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The EAME Campaign Medal was initially established by Executive Order 9265, dated 6 November 1942, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and announced in War Department Bulletin 56, 1942. The European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was awarded as a [[service ribbon]] throughout the entire Second World War due to the ribbon design being approved by the Secretary of War in December 1942.<ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/> |
The EAME Campaign Medal was initially established by Executive Order 9265, dated 6 November 1942, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and announced in War Department Bulletin 56, 1942. The European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was awarded as a [[service ribbon]] throughout the entire Second World War due to the ribbon design being approved by the Secretary of War in December 1942.<ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/> |
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The medal design was submitted to the Commission of Fine Arts on 17 September 1946 and the first sample was completed in July 1947. The first recipient of the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was [[General of the Army]] [[Dwight Eisenhower]] on 24 July 1947 <ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/> in recognition of his service as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force during World War II. |
The medal design was submitted to the Commission of Fine Arts on 17 September 1946 and the first sample was completed in July 1947. The first recipient of the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was [[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] [[Dwight Eisenhower]] on 24 July 1947 <ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/> in recognition of his service as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force during World War II. |
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The criteria were initially announced in Department of the Army (DA) Circular 84, dated 25 March 1948, and subsequently published in Army Regulation |
The criteria were initially announced in Department of the Army (DA) Circular 84, dated 25 March 1948, and subsequently published in Army Regulation 600–65, dated 22 September 1948.<ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/> |
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The [[Pacific Ocean theater of World War II|Pacific Theater]] counterpart to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was the [[Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal]]. |
The [[Pacific Ocean theater of World War II|Pacific Theater]] counterpart to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was the [[Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal]]. |
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==Criteria== |
==Criteria== |
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Originally known as the |
Originally known as the "EAME Ribbon", the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal is awarded for any service performed between December 7, 1941, and March 2, 1946, inclusive,<ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/><ref name="Naval Historical Center"/> provided such service was performed in the following geographical theater areas: West boundary. -- From the North Pole, south along the 75th meridian west longitude to the 77th parallel north latitude, thence southeast through Davis Strait to the intersection of the 40th parallel north latitude and the 35th meridian west longitude, thence south along that meridian to the 10th parallel north latitude, thence southeast to the intersection of the equator and the 20th meridian west longitude, thence along the 20th meridian west longitude to the South Pole. East boundary—From the North Pole, south along the 60th meridian east longitude to its intersection with the eastern border of Iran, thence south along that border to the Gulf of Oman and the intersection of the 60th meridian east longitude, thence south along the 60th meridian east longitude to the South Pole.<ref name="Naval Historical Center"/> |
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==Appearance== |
==Appearance== |
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{|class="wikitable |
{|class="wikitable floatright" border="0" |
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|- |
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| [[File:European African Middle Eastern Campaign - Obverse.png|210px|Obverse]] [[File:European African Middle Eastern Campaign - Reverse.png|200px|Reverse]] |
| [[File:European African Middle Eastern Campaign - Obverse.png|210px|Obverse]] [[File:European African Middle Eastern Campaign - Reverse.png|200px|Reverse]] |
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|} |
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The medal's [[obverse]] was designed by Mr. Thomas Hudson Jones based on General |
The medal's [[obverse]] was designed by Mr. Thomas Hudson Jones based on General Eisenhower's request that the medal include an invasion scene. The [[obverse and reverse|reverse]] side was designed by [[Adolph Alexander Weinman]] and is the same design as used on the reverse of the Asiatic–Pacific and [[American Campaign Medal]]s.<ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/> |
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The Bronze medal is 1 |
The Bronze medal is {{convert|1+3/8|in|mm}} in diameter. On the obverse is a LST landing craft and troops landing under fire with an airplane in the background below the words ''EUROPEAN AFRICAN MIDDLE EASTERN CAMPAIGN''. On the reverse, an American bald eagle close between the dates ''1941 - 1945'' and the words ''UNITED STATES OF AMERICA''.<ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/><ref name="European–African–Middle EASTERN CAMPAIGN MEDAL Fact Sheet"/> |
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The ribbon is {{convert|1+3/8|in|mm}} wide and consists of the following stripes: |
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The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches wide and consists of the following stripes. the 3/16 inch Brown 67136 which represents the sands of Africa. The 1/16 inch Irish Green 67189, 1/16 inch White 67101 and 1/16 inch Scarlet 67111 represent Italian colors. The 1/4 inch Irish Green represents the green fields of Europe. The center, 1/8 inch triparted Old Glory Blue 67178, White and Scarlet, |
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* {{cvt|3/16|in|mm}} Brown 67136 which represents the sands of Africa; |
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* {{cvt|1/16|in|mm}} each of Irish Green 67189, White 67101 and Scarlet 67111, representing Italy; |
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* {{cvt|1/4|in|mm}} Irish Green represents the green fields of Europe; |
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* {{cvt|1/4|in|mm}} Irish Green, again representing the green fields of Europe; |
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* {{cvt|1/16|in|mm}} each White, Black 67138, and White representing Germany; and lastly |
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⚫ | |||
==Devices== |
==Devices== |
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For those service members who participated in one or more military campaigns, [[ |
For those service members who participated in one or more designated military campaigns, [[campaign stars]] are authorized to be worn on the medal. The [[Arrowhead device]] is also authorized to be worn on the medal for those who participated in airborne or amphibious assault landings. The [[Fleet Marine Force Combat Operation Insignia]] is also authorized for wear on the medal for sailors attached to the Marine Corps.<ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/><ref name="European–African–Middle EASTERN CAMPAIGN MEDAL Fact Sheet"/> |
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==Campaigns== |
==US Army Campaigns== |
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The following military campaigns are recognized by |
The following military campaigns are recognized by campaign stars on the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal.<ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/><ref name="European–African–Middle EASTERN CAMPAIGN MEDAL Fact Sheet"/> |
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{| class="toccolours" style="width:70%; clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;" |
{| class="toccolours" style="width:70%; clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;" |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan="7" style="background:darkGrey;"| <span style="color:white;">Military Campaigns </span> |
! colspan="7" style="background:darkGrey;"| <span style="color:white;">Military Campaigns </span> |
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|- valign="top" |
|- valign="top" style="background:#c5d2ea; |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- style="background:#c5d2ea; |
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! Name of campaign |
! Name of campaign |
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! Start Date |
! Start Date |
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| [[Operation Overlord|Northern France]] |
| [[Operation Overlord|Northern France]] |
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| 25 July 1944 |
| 25 July 1944 |
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| 14 |
| 14 September 1944 |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Operation Dragoon|Southern France]] |
| [[Operation Dragoon|Southern France]] |
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| 21 March 1945 |
| 21 March 1945 |
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| [[Battle of the Bulge|Ardennes-Alsace]] |
| [[Battle of the Bulge|Ardennes]]-[[Operation Northwind (1944)|Alsace]] |
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| 16 December 1944 |
| 16 December 1944 |
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| 25 January 1945 |
| 25 January 1945 |
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| 5 April 1945 |
| 5 April 1945 |
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| 8 May 1945 |
| 8 May 1945 |
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|} |
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For those service members who did not participate in a designated |
For those service members who saw combat but did not participate in a designated campaign, the following "blanket campaigns" are authorized to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, denoted by campaign stars.<ref name="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal"/> |
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* Antisubmarine 7 Dec 41 - 8 May 1945 |
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{| class="toccolours" style="width:70%; clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;" |
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* Ground Combat 7 Dec 41 - 8 May 1945 |
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|- |
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* Air Combat: 7 Dec 41 - 8 May 1945 |
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! colspan="7" style="background:darkGrey;"| <span style="color:white;">Blanket Campaigns </span> |
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|- valign="top" |
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== US Navy Campaigns == |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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The nine officially recognized US Navy campaigns in the European Theater of Operations are:<ref>{{cite web |title=World War II European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/banners/battle-streamers/world-war-ii-european-african-middle-eastern-campaign.html |publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command |access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> |
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|- style="background:#c5d2ea; |
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! Name of campaign |
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! Start Date |
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! End Date |
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|- |
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| Antisubmarine |
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| 7 December 1941 |
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| 2 September 1945 |
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|- |
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| Ground Combat |
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| 7 December 1941 |
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| 2 September 1945 |
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|- |
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| Air Combat |
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| 7 December 1941 |
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| 2 September 1945 |
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|} |
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* North African occupation: [[Operation Torch|allied landings in North Africa]] |
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{{commons category|European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (United States)|European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal}} |
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* Sicilian occupation: [[Allied invasion of Sicily|allied landings in Sicily]] |
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* Salerno landings: [[Allied invasion of Italy|allied landings in Southern Italy]] |
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* West Coast of Italy operations (1944): [[Battle of Anzio|allied landing at Anzio]] and subsequent supply of the Anzio beachhead |
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* Invasion of Normandy: [[Invasion of Normandy|allied landings in Normandy]] |
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* Northeast [[Greenland]] operation |
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* Invasion of Southern France: [[Operation Dragoon|allied landings in Southern France]] |
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* Reinforcement of Malta: [[Malta convoys|allied convoys]] to supply [[Siege of Malta (World War II)|besieged Malta]] |
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* Escort, antisubmarine, armed guard and special operations: 7 December 1941 – 2 September 1945 |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Arrowhead device]] |
*[[Arrowhead device]] |
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*[[Awards and decorations of the United States military]] |
*[[Awards and decorations of the United States military]] |
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*[[Coast and Geodetic Survey Atlantic War Zone Medal]] |
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*[[Merchant Marine Atlantic War Zone Medal]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{Commons category-inline|European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (United States)}} |
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{{Adolph Weinman}} |
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{{Portal bar|Heraldry|Africa|Asia|Europe|United States}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Eagles in art]] |
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[[Category:Europe, the Middle East and Africa]] |
[[Category:Europe, the Middle East and Africa]] |
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[[Category:Military awards and decorations of World War II]] |
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[[Category:Ships in art]] |
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[[Category:United States campaign medals]] |
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[[Category:Works by Adolph Weinman]] |
Latest revision as of 14:51, 18 October 2024
European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal | |
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Type | Campaign Medal |
Presented by | Department of War and Department of the Navy |
Eligibility | served in the armed forces between the following dates:
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Status | Inactive |
First awarded | December 7, 1941 |
Last awarded | March 2, 1946 |
Precedence | |
Equivalent | Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal American Campaign Medal |
Next (lower) | World War II Victory Medal |
The European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942, by Executive Order 9265 [1][2] issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[3] The medal was intended to recognize those military service members who had performed military duty in the European Theater (to include North Africa and the Middle East) during the years of the Second World War.[4]
History
[edit]The EAME Campaign Medal was initially established by Executive Order 9265, dated 6 November 1942, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and announced in War Department Bulletin 56, 1942. The European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was awarded as a service ribbon throughout the entire Second World War due to the ribbon design being approved by the Secretary of War in December 1942.[2]
The medal design was submitted to the Commission of Fine Arts on 17 September 1946 and the first sample was completed in July 1947. The first recipient of the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was General of the Army Dwight Eisenhower on 24 July 1947 [2] in recognition of his service as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force during World War II.
The criteria were initially announced in Department of the Army (DA) Circular 84, dated 25 March 1948, and subsequently published in Army Regulation 600–65, dated 22 September 1948.[2] The Pacific Theater counterpart to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was the Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal.
Criteria
[edit]Originally known as the "EAME Ribbon", the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal is awarded for any service performed between December 7, 1941, and March 2, 1946, inclusive,[2][4] provided such service was performed in the following geographical theater areas: West boundary. -- From the North Pole, south along the 75th meridian west longitude to the 77th parallel north latitude, thence southeast through Davis Strait to the intersection of the 40th parallel north latitude and the 35th meridian west longitude, thence south along that meridian to the 10th parallel north latitude, thence southeast to the intersection of the equator and the 20th meridian west longitude, thence along the 20th meridian west longitude to the South Pole. East boundary—From the North Pole, south along the 60th meridian east longitude to its intersection with the eastern border of Iran, thence south along that border to the Gulf of Oman and the intersection of the 60th meridian east longitude, thence south along the 60th meridian east longitude to the South Pole.[4]
Appearance
[edit]The medal's obverse was designed by Mr. Thomas Hudson Jones based on General Eisenhower's request that the medal include an invasion scene. The reverse side was designed by Adolph Alexander Weinman and is the same design as used on the reverse of the Asiatic–Pacific and American Campaign Medals.[2]
The Bronze medal is 1+3⁄8 inches (35 mm) in diameter. On the obverse is a LST landing craft and troops landing under fire with an airplane in the background below the words EUROPEAN AFRICAN MIDDLE EASTERN CAMPAIGN. On the reverse, an American bald eagle close between the dates 1941 - 1945 and the words UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.[2][3]
The ribbon is 1+3⁄8 inches (35 mm) wide and consists of the following stripes:
- 3⁄16 in (4.8 mm) Brown 67136 which represents the sands of Africa;
- 1⁄16 in (1.6 mm) each of Irish Green 67189, White 67101 and Scarlet 67111, representing Italy;
- 1⁄4 in (6.4 mm) Irish Green represents the green fields of Europe;
- 1⁄24 in (1.1 mm) each of Old Glory Blue 67178, White and Scarlet, taken from the American Defense Service Medal ribbon and refers to the continuance of American Defense after Pearl Harbor;
- 1⁄4 in (6.4 mm) Irish Green, again representing the green fields of Europe;
- 1⁄16 in (1.6 mm) each White, Black 67138, and White representing Germany; and lastly
- 3⁄16 in (4.8 mm) Brown, again representing the sands of Africa.[2][3]
Devices
[edit]For those service members who participated in one or more designated military campaigns, campaign stars are authorized to be worn on the medal. The Arrowhead device is also authorized to be worn on the medal for those who participated in airborne or amphibious assault landings. The Fleet Marine Force Combat Operation Insignia is also authorized for wear on the medal for sailors attached to the Marine Corps.[2][3]
US Army Campaigns
[edit]The following military campaigns are recognized by campaign stars on the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal.[2][3]
Military Campaigns | ||||||
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Name of campaign | Start Date | End Date | ||||
Egypt-Libya | 11 June 1942 | 12 February 1943 | ||||
Air Offensive, Europe | 4 July 1942 | 5 June 1944 | ||||
Algeria-French Morocco | 8 November 1942 | 11 November 1942 | ||||
Tunisia | 12 November 1942 | 13 May 1943 | ||||
Sicily | 14 May 1943 | 17 August 1943 | ||||
Naples-Foggia | 18 August 1943 | 21 January 1944 | ||||
Anzio | 22 January 1944 | 24 May 1944 | ||||
Rome-Arno | 22 January 1944 | 9 September 1944 | ||||
Normandy | 6 June 1944 | 24 July 1944 | ||||
Northern France | 25 July 1944 | 14 September 1944 | ||||
Southern France | 15 August 1944 | 14 September 1944 | ||||
Northern Apennines | 10 September 1944 | 4 April 1945 | ||||
Rhineland | 15 September 1944 | 21 March 1945 | ||||
Ardennes-Alsace | 16 December 1944 | 25 January 1945 | ||||
Central Europe | 22 March 1945 | 11 May 1945 | ||||
Po Valley | 5 April 1945 | 8 May 1945 |
For those service members who saw combat but did not participate in a designated campaign, the following "blanket campaigns" are authorized to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, denoted by campaign stars.[2]
- Antisubmarine 7 Dec 41 - 8 May 1945
- Ground Combat 7 Dec 41 - 8 May 1945
- Air Combat: 7 Dec 41 - 8 May 1945
US Navy Campaigns
[edit]The nine officially recognized US Navy campaigns in the European Theater of Operations are:[5]
- North African occupation: allied landings in North Africa
- Sicilian occupation: allied landings in Sicily
- Salerno landings: allied landings in Southern Italy
- West Coast of Italy operations (1944): allied landing at Anzio and subsequent supply of the Anzio beachhead
- Invasion of Normandy: allied landings in Normandy
- Northeast Greenland operation
- Invasion of Southern France: allied landings in Southern France
- Reinforcement of Malta: allied convoys to supply besieged Malta
- Escort, antisubmarine, armed guard and special operations: 7 December 1941 – 2 September 1945
See also
[edit]- Arrowhead device
- Awards and decorations of the United States military
- Coast and Geodetic Survey Atlantic War Zone Medal
- Merchant Marine Atlantic War Zone Medal
References
[edit]- ^ *Federal Register for Executive Order 9265
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal". The Institute of Heraldry: Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the ARMY. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved Jan 9, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e "European–African–Middle EASTERN CAMPAIGN MEDAL Fact Sheet". Air force Personnel Center. Aug 23, 2010. Archived from the original on 2013-11-06. Retrieved Jan 9, 2014.
- ^ "World War II European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
External links
[edit]- Media related to European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (United States) at Wikimedia Commons