HMS Dart (1796): Difference between revisions

	Dart capturing Désirée in July 1800
History
Great Britain
Name	HMS Dart
Builder	Hobbs & Hellyer, Redbridge
Laid down	1796
Honours and; awards	Naval General Service Medal with clasps; "Capture of the Désirée"; "Copenhagen 1801";
Fate	Broken up 1809
General characteristics
Type	Experimental design
Tons burthen	148 (bm)
Length	80 ft 0 in (24.4 m) (overall); 56 ft 7+1⁄2 in (17.3 m) (keel);
Beam	22 ft 2 in (6.8 m)
Depth of hold	11 ft 6 in (3.5 m)
Sail plan	Sloop
Complement	121; later 140
Armament	Originally:; Upper deck (UD): 24 × 32-pounder carronades; QD: 2 × 32-pounder carronades (two more were added later); Fc: 2 × 32-pounder carronades; Later:; UD: 18 × 32-pounder carronades; QD: nil; Fc: 2 × 6-pounder guns; All carronades were an experimental design of 24 cwt by Sadler;

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HMS Dart was one of two sloops built to an experimental design by Sir Samuel Bentham and launched in 1796. She served the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary wars and the early part of the Napoleonic wars before being sold in 1809 for breaking up.

Design

Hobbs & Hellyer built six vessels to Bentham's design. Dart was the second of a two-vessel class of vessels that the Royal Navy classed as sloops, and she and her classmate Arrow were the largest of the six vessels. The design featured a large breadth-to-length ratio, structural bulkheads, and sliding keels. The vessels were also virtually double-ended.^[3]

French Revolutionary Wars

Dart was commissioned in August 1796 under Commander Richard Raggett.

On 8 May 1798 Dart participated in Admiral Home Popham's expedition to Ostend to destroy the sluice gates of the Bruge canal. The expedition landed 1,300 British Army soldiers under the command of Major General Coote. The troops burnt the ships in the harbour and blew up the locks and gates on the Canal, but were then forced to surrender as adverse winds prevented their re-embarkation.^[4]

In May 1799 Commander Patrick Campbell replaced Raggett.^[3] Campbell was in command when Dart was among the vessels that participated in what became known as the Vlieter Incident. On 30 August a squadron of the navy of the Batavian Republic, commanded by Rear-Admiral Samuel Story, surrendered to the British navy. The incident occurred during the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland and took place near Wieringen on a sandbank near the channel between Texel and the mainland that was known as De Vlieter.^[5]

Around this time Dart captured the sloop Jonge Jan. Dart also shared with gunboats Defender, Cracker, and Hasty in the proceeds of the capture of the Hell Hound.^[6] This may have occurred on 7 October when the boats of Dart, Defender, Cracker, and Hasty, and the schuyt Isis cut out four gunboats from the Pampus, in the Zuiderzee. Three of the gunboats were schuyts, but one was a new, purpose-built gunboat armed with two 18-pounder guns in her bow and two 18-pounder carronades in her broadside. The three schuyts also carried four guns and carronades each. The vessels had crews ranging in size from 20 to 30 men. The British suffered no casualties.^[7]

On 8 May 1800 Dart captured the Kaufhandel.^[8]

Dart, captured the French frigate Désirée on 8 July 1800 in the raid on Dunkirk. Désirée was armed with 40 guns, those on the main deck being 24-pounder guns, and had a crew of 250 men under the command of Citizen Deplancy. However, a number of her crew were on shore. Dart lost one man killed and 13 wounded, including two officers badly wounded. Although several other vessels that participated in the raid had some wounded, Dart's capture of Desiree was the raid's only real accomplishment.^[9] This capture resulted in Campbell's promotion to post captain and command of the frigate Ariadne. French casualties were heavy. One account states that all the French officers, save a midshipman, were killed, and that casualties amounted to almost 100 men killed and wounded.^[10] Lloyd's List reported on 11 July that "Grand Desiree", prize to Dart, had arrived in the Downs, and that the French captain and about 50 men had been killed, and nine wounded.^[11] The French commander was capitaine de frégate Lefebvre de Plancy, and French records show that he was mortally wounded in the action.^[12]

The Royal Navy took Desiree into service, and many British vessels shared in the proceeds of the capture.^[13] In 1847 the Admiralty issued the NGSM with clasp "Capture of the Désirée" to all surviving claimants from the raid.

Commander John Ferris Devonshire replaced Campbell in August 1800.^[3]

Dart participated in the Battle of Copenhagen where she had an officer and two men killed, and one man wounded.^[14]^[15] In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the NGSM with clasp "Copenhagen 1801" to all surviving claimants from the action. The Admiralty promoted Devonshire to post captain on 27 April for his role in the battle.^[16] In June Lieutenant William Homan (acting) replaced Devonshire.^[3]

In October 1801 Commander William Bolton replaced Holmann. Bolton paid off Dart in October 1802.^[3]

Napoleonic wars

Dart was fitted at Deptford between August and November 1803. Commander William Brownrigg commissioned her there in October, for the Downs.^[3]

On 8 December 1804 Home Popham, in Antelope, sent Dart to provide support to the explosion ship Susannah and two carcasses in their attack against Fort Rouge and the pile battery there that protected the entrance to Calais.^[a] The carcasses were intended to set fire to the piles, but one carcass did not reach its target and the other, though it reached the piles, did not ignite and was retrieved. Susannah did reach its target. When it exploded it destroyed much of the west part of Fort Rouge, according to report from the cutter Fox which sailed in the next day on a reconnaissance.^[17]

Brownrigg died in December 1805. Commander Joseph Spear was appointed to command Dart in January 1806.^[3] However, for much of the first half of the year he was acting captain of Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane's flagship, the 74-gun HMS Northumberland. Spear took part in the pursuit of a French squadron in June 1806 which had recently arrived in the Caribbean under Jean-Baptiste Philibert Willaumez. Spear then briefly became acting captain of the 74-gun HMS Agamemnon. During this time Dart was under the command of Commander James Brown.

Around this time Dart recaptured the Caledonia and sent her into Antigua. Caledonia had been sailing from New Brunswick to Antigua when a French privateer had captured her and sent her to Cayenne.^[18]

After Spear returned to command Dart, with Wolverine in company, captured the 8-gun schooner privateer Jeune Gabriella on 9 November 1806 at 12°45′N 57°5′W / 12.750°N 57.083°W / 12.750; -57.083. Jeune Gabriella had thrown half her guns overboard during the chase. She was under the command of M. Auguste Boufford and had a crew of 75 men. She was out of Guadeloupe and had not made any captures.^[19]^[b]

On 30 November there occurred an unfortunate incident when Wolverine fired on a British merchant vessel engaged in lawful trade. At 10 pm, she and Dart came upon a ship that they suspected was a French privateer and that kept up a running fight until morning, only surrendering after her captain and several of her crew had been wounded, of whom six later died. The vessel turned out to be the British 24-gun slaver Mary, out of Liverpool, under Captain Hugh Crow.^[20]^[c] He had thought that the two vessels chasing him in the dark were French privateers out of Cayenne and was determined not to surrender his vessel without a fight. Commander Spear gave him a letter of praise for his determined resistance and the fight became something of a sensation; on his return home Crow received honour, glory and a substantial reward for his gallantry.^[21] Also, "many of the wretched negroes were killed or injured."^[20]^[d]

In January 1808 Lieutenant Thomas Pinto was promoted to commander and given command of Dart.^[22] He took command on 9 February;^[23] he paid her off in November.^[3]

Fate

Dart was broken up at Barbados in 1809.^[3]

A statement during a Parliamentary debate in 1811 reports that, before she was broken up, Dart was serving as a guard ship in Carlisle harbour. One evening, while her captain was ashore, a seaman under confinement for disorderly behavior started making a great deal of noise. The officer on duty, a Lieutenant William Richards, had the man gagged which had the unintended result of the man dying, presumably of suffocation. The subsequent court martial acquitted Richards of murder, but dismissed him from the service.^[24]

Notes

^ Fort Rouge was a seafort, built of wood and standing on piles. It was armed with 12 cannons and had a garrison of 50 soldiers.
^ Many accounts state that on 12 November Dart and Wolverine captured the French 1-gun privateer Marianne. These records are incorrect. The captor was Grenada.^[19]
^ The slave trade was not, in 1806, illegal. The British Slave Trade Act 1807 abolished the trade by degrees, beginning in 1807.
^ Crow was a slaver who had earlier fought in two other engagements. The French vessel Robuste, of twenty-four 12-pounders and 150 men, had captured him in 1794. Then on 21 February 1800, as captain of Will, of eighteen 6-pounders and 50 men, he fought off a French privateer with the loss of three crewmen and two slaves killed and 10 wounded. He recounts his career and the fights in detail in his autobiography (Crow 1970).

Citations

^ "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 239.
^ "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 240.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Winfield (2008), p. 385.
^ "No. 15017". The London Gazette. 19 May 1798. pp. 421–425.
^ "No. 15453". The London Gazette. 13 February 1802. p. 158.
^ "No. 15547". The London Gazette. 14 January 1803. p. 40.
^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 3, p.141.
^ "No. 15533". The London Gazette. 16 November 1802. p. 1213.
^ "No. 15274". The London Gazette. 5 July 1800. pp. 782–784.
^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 4, p.77.
^ Lloyd's List, no.4067 [1] – accessed 25 June 2015.
^ Fonds Marine, p.235.
^ "No. 15297". The London Gazette. 27 September 1800. p. 1123.
^ "No. 15354". The London Gazette. 15 April 1801. pp. 402–404.
^ James (1837), Vol. 3, pp. 66–80.
^ Marshall (1824), pp. 411–4.
^ "No. 15762". The London Gazette. 11 December 1804. pp. 1497–1498.
^ Lloyd's List, no.4102 [2] – accessed 25 June 2015.
^ ^a ^b "No. 15987". The London Gazette. 27 December 1806. p. 1681.
^ ^a ^b Clowes (1897–1903), pp.394–5
^ The Archer's Register (1864), p.235-6
^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 19, p.262.
^ Marshall (1832), p. 366.
^ Cobbett (1812), pp.1028–34.

References

Clowes, W. Laird; et al. (1897–1903). The Royal Navy: A history from the earliest times to the present. Boston / London: Little, Brown and Co. / S. Low, Marston and Co.
Cobbett, William (1812) Cobbett's Parliamentary Debates, During the ... Session of the ... Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the Kingdom of Great Britain .... (R. Bagshaw).
Crow, Hugh (1830). Memoirs of the late Captain Hugh Crow, of Liverpool; comprising a narrative of his life, together with descriptive sketches of the western coast of Africa; particularly of Bonny ... To which are added, anecdotes and observations illustrative of the Negro character. Compiled chiefly from his own manuscripts, etc. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green.
Fonds Marine. Campagnes (opérations; divisions et stations navales; missions diverses). Inventaire de la sous-série Marine BB4. Tome premier: BB1 à 209 (1780–1804) [3]
James, William (1837). The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV. R. Bentley.
Marshall, John (1824). "Devonshire, John Ferris" . Royal Naval Biography. Vol. 2, part 1. London: Longman and company. pp. 411–414.
Marshall, John (1832). "Pinto, Thomas" . Royal Naval Biography. Vol. 3, part 2. London: Longman and company. p. 366.
Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1861762467.

[17] Fort Rouge was a seafort, built of wood and standing on piles. It was armed with 12 cannons and had a garrison of 50 soldiers.

[21] Many accounts state that on 12 November Dart and Wolverine captured the French 1-gun privateer Marianne. These records are incorrect. The captor was Grenada.^[19]

[23] The slave trade was not, in 1806, illegal. The British Slave Trade Act 1807 abolished the trade by degrees, beginning in 1807.

[25] Crow was a slaver who had earlier fought in two other engagements. The French vessel Robuste, of twenty-four 12-pounders and 150 men, had captured him in 1794. Then on 21 February 1800, as captain of Will, of eighteen 6-pounders and 50 men, he fought off a French privateer with the loss of three crewmen and two slaves killed and 10 wounded. He recounts his career and the fights in detail in his autobiography (Crow 1970).

[1] "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 239.

[2] "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 240.

[FOOTNOTEWinfield2008385-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Winfield (2008), p. 385.

[4] "No. 15017". The London Gazette. 19 May 1798. pp. 421–425.

[5] "No. 15453". The London Gazette. 13 February 1802. p. 158.

[6] "No. 15547". The London Gazette. 14 January 1803. p. 40.

[7] Naval Chronicle, Vol. 3, p.141.

[8] "No. 15533". The London Gazette. 16 November 1802. p. 1213.

[9] "No. 15274". The London Gazette. 5 July 1800. pp. 782–784.

[10] Naval Chronicle, Vol. 4, p.77.

[11] Lloyd's List, no.4067 [1] – accessed 25 June 2015.

[12] Fonds Marine, p.235.

[13] "No. 15297". The London Gazette. 27 September 1800. p. 1123.

[14] "No. 15354". The London Gazette. 15 April 1801. pp. 402–404.

[15] James (1837), Vol. 3, pp. 66–80.

[FOOTNOTEMarshall1824411–4-16] Marshall (1824), pp. 411–4.

[18] "No. 15762". The London Gazette. 11 December 1804. pp. 1497–1498.

[19] Lloyd's List, no.4102 [2] – accessed 25 June 2015.

[LG15987-20] "No. 15987". The London Gazette. 27 December 1806. p. 1681.

[Clowes-22] Clowes (1897–1903), pp.394–5

[24] The Archer's Register (1864), p.235-6

[26] Naval Chronicle, Vol. 19, p.262.

[FOOTNOTEMarshall1832366-27] Marshall (1832), p. 366.

[28] Cobbett (1812), pp.1028–34.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Sloop of the Royal Navy}}
+{{other ships|HMS Dart}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
+{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
 {|{{Infobox ship begin}}
 {{Infobox ship image
-|Ship image=
+|Ship image=Dart & Desiree.jpg
-|Ship caption=
+|Ship caption=''Dart'' capturing ''Désirée'' in July 1800
 }}
 {{Infobox ship career
 |Hide header=
-|Ship country=[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|UK]]
+|Ship country=Great Britain
+|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Great Britain|naval}}
-|Ship flag=[[Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Royal Navy Ensign]]
 |Ship name=HMS ''Dart''
 |Ship ordered=
@@ Line 21: / Line 26: @@
 |Ship struck=
 |Ship reinstated=
-|Ship honours=[[Naval General Service Medal (1847)|Naval General Service Medal]] with clasps<br>
+|Ship honours=*[[Naval General Service Medal (1847)|Naval General Service Medal]] with clasps
-"Capture of the Désirée"<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20939|startpage=239|date=26 January 1849}}</ref><br>
+*"Capture of the Désirée"<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20939|page=239|date=26 January 1849}}</ref>
-"Copenhagen 1801"<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20939|startpage=240|date=26 January 1849}}</ref>
+*"Copenhagen 1801"<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20939|page=240|date=26 January 1849}}</ref>
 |Ship captured=
 |Ship fate=Broken up 1809
-|Ship status=
 |Ship notes=
 }}
 {{Infobox ship characteristics
 |Hide header=
-|Header caption=<ref name=Winfield>Winfield (2008), p. 385.</ref>
+|Header caption={{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=385}}
 |Ship class=
 |Ship type=Experimental design
-|Ship tonnage=148 ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
+|Ship tons burthen=148 ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
-|Ship length={{convert|80|ft|0|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (overall)<br>{{convert|56|ft|7+1/2|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (keel)
+|Ship length=*{{convert|80|ft|0|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (overall)
+*{{convert|56|ft|7+1/2|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (keel)
 |Ship beam={{convert|22|ft|2|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
 |Ship draught=
@@ Line 41: / Line 46: @@
 |Ship sail plan=Sloop
 |Ship complement=121; later 140
-|Ship armament=<br>
+|Ship armament=*Originally:
+*Upper deck (UD): 24 × 32-pounder [[carronade]]s
-Originally:<br>
+*[[Quarterdeck|QD]]: 2 × 32-pounder carronades (two more were added later)
-Upper deck (UD): 24 x 32-pounder [[carronade]]s<br>
-[[Quarterdeck|QD]]: 2 x 32-pounder carronades (two more were added later)<br>
+*[[Forecastle|Fc]]: 2 × 32-pounder carronades
+*Later:
-[[Forecastle|Fc]]: 2 x 32-pounder carronades<br>
+*UD: 18 × 32-pounder carronades
-Later:<br>
+*QD: nil
-UD: 18 x 32-pounder carronades<br>
+*Fc: 2 × 6-pounder guns
-QD: nil<br>
+*All carronades were an experimental design of 24&nbsp;cwt by Sadler
-Fc: 2 x 6-pounder guns<br>
-All carronades were an experimental design of 24cwt by Sadler
 |Ship notes=
 }}
 |}
+'''HMS ''Dart''''' was one of two sloops built to an experimental design by Sir [[Samuel Bentham]] and launched in 1796. She served the [[Royal Navy]] during the [[French Revolutionary wars]] and the early part of the [[Napoleonic wars]] before being sold in 1809 for [[Ship breaking|breaking up]].
-{{otherships|HMS Dart}}
-'''HMS ''Dart''''' was one of two sloops built to an experimental design by Sir [[Samuel Bentham]] and launched in 1796. She served the [[Royal Navy]] during the [[French Revolutionary wars]] and the early part of the [[Napoleonic wars]] before being sold broken up in 1809.
 ==Design==
+Hobbs & Hellyer built six vessels to Bentham's design. ''Dart'' was the second of a two-vessel class of vessels that the Royal Navy classed as sloops, and she and her classmate {{HMS|Arrow|1796|2}} were the largest of the six vessels. The design featured a large breadth-to-length ratio, structural bulkheads, and sliding keels. The vessels were also virtually double-ended.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=385}}
+==French Revolutionary Wars ==
-Hobbs & Hellyer built six vessels to Bentham's design. ''Dart'' was the second of a two-vessel class of vessels that the Royal Navy classed as sloops, and she and her class mate {{HMS|Arrow|1796|2}} were the largest of the six vessels. The design featured a large breadth-to-length ratio, structural bulkheads, and sliding keels. The vessels were also virtually double-ended.<ref name=Winfield>Winfield (2008), pp.384-6.</ref>
-==French Revolutionary wars ==
 ''Dart'' was commissioned in August 1796 under Commander Richard Raggett.
-On 8 May 1798 ''Dart'' participated in Admiral [[Home Riggs Popham|Home Popham's]] [[expedition to Ostend]] to destroy the sluice gates of the Bruge canal. The expedition landed1,300 British Army soldiers under the command of Major General [[Eyre Coote (British Army officer)|Coote]]. The troops burnt the ships in the harbour and blew up the locks and gates on the Canal, but were then forced to surrender as adverse winds prevented their re-embarkation.<ref>{{London Gazette|startpage=421|endpage=425 |issue=15017|date=19 May 1798}}</ref>
+On 8 May 1798 ''Dart'' participated in Admiral [[Home Riggs Popham|Home Popham's]] [[expedition to Ostend]] to destroy the sluice gates of the Bruge canal. The expedition landed 1,300 British Army soldiers under the command of Major General [[Eyre Coote (British Army officer)|Coote]]. The troops burnt the ships in the harbour and blew up the locks and gates on the Canal, but were then forced to surrender as adverse winds prevented their re-embarkation.<ref>{{London Gazette|pages=421–425 |issue=15017|date=19 May 1798}}</ref>
+In May 1799 Commander [[Patrick Campbell (Royal Navy officer)|Patrick Campbell]] replaced Raggett.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=385}} Campbell was in command when ''Dart'' was among the vessels that participated in what became known as the [[Vlieter Incident]]. On 30 August a squadron of the navy of the  [[Batavian Republic]], commanded by Rear-Admiral [[Samuel Story]], surrendered to the British navy. The incident occurred during the [[Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland]] and took place near [[Wieringen]] on a [[sandbank]] near the channel between [[Texel]] and the mainland that was known as ''De Vlieter''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=13 February 1802|issue=15453|page=158}}</ref>
+Around this time ''Dart'' captured the sloop ''Jonge Jan''. ''Dart'' also shared with gunboats {{HMS|Defender|1797|2}}, {{HMS|Cracker|1797|2}}, and {{HMS|Hasty|1797|2}} in the proceeds of the capture of the ''Hell Hound''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=14 January 1803|issue=15547|page=40}}</ref> This may have occurred on 7 October when the boats of ''Dart'', ''Defender'', ''Cracker'', and ''Hasty'', and the [[Dutch barge|schuyt]] ''Isis'' cut out four gunboats from the [[Pampus]], in the [[Zuiderzee]]. Three of the gunboats were schuyts, but one was a new, purpose-built gunboat armed with two 18-pounder guns in her bow and two 18-pounder carronades in her broadside. The three schuyts also carried four guns and carronades each. The vessels had crews ranging in size from 20 to 30 men. The British suffered no casualties.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 3, p.141.</ref>
-In May 1799 Commander [[Patrick Campbell (Royal Navy officer)|Patrick Campbell]] replaced Raggett.
+On 8 May 1800 ''Dart'' captured the ''Kaufhandel''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=16 November 1802|issue=15533|page=1213}}</ref>
-He was in command when ''Dart'' was among the vessels that participated in what became known as the [[Vlieter Incident]]. On 30 August 1799, a squadron of the navy of the  [[Batavian Republic]], commanded by Rear-Admiral [[Samuel Story]], surrendered to the British navy. The incident occurred during the [[Anglo-Russian Invasion of Holland]] and took place near [[Wieringen]] on a [[sandbank]] near the channel between [[Texel]] and the mainland that was known as ''De Vlieter''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=13 February 1802|issue=15453|startpage=158}}</ref>
+''Dart'', captured the {{ship|French frigate|Désirée|1796|6}} on 8 July 1800 in the [[Raid on Dunkirk (1800)|raid on Dunkirk]]. ''Désirée'' was armed with 40 guns, those on the main deck being 24-pounder guns, and had a crew of 250 men under the command of Citizen Deplancy. However, a number of her crew were on shore. ''Dart'' lost one man killed and 13 wounded, including two officers badly wounded. Although several other vessels that participated in the raid had some wounded, ''Dart''{{'}}s capture of ''Desiree'' was the raid's only real accomplishment.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15274|pages=782–784|date=5 July 1800}}</ref> This capture resulted in Campbell's promotion to [[post captain]] and command of the frigate {{HMS|Ariadne|1776|2}}. French casualties were heavy. One account states that all the French officers, save a midshipman, were killed, and that casualties amounted to almost 100 men killed and wounded.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 4, p.77.</ref> ''Lloyd's List'' reported on 11 July that "Grand Desiree", prize to ''Dart'', had arrived in the Downs, and that the French captain and about 50 men had been killed, and nine wounded.<ref>''Lloyd's List'', no.4067 [http://www.1812privateers.org/LLOYDS/1800/07-11-1800.jpg] – accessed 25 June 2015.</ref> The French commander was ''capitaine de frégate'' Lefebvre de Plancy, and French records show that he was mortally wounded in the action.<ref>''Fonds Marine'', p.235.</ref>
-Around this time ''Dart'' captured the sloop ''Jonge Jan''. ''Dart'' also shared with gunboats {{HMS|Defender|1797|2}}, {{HMS|Cracker|1797|2}}, and {{HMS|Hasty|1797|2}} in the proceeds of the capture of the ''Hell Hound''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=14 January 1803|issue=15547|startpage=40}}</ref> This may have occurred on 7 October when the boats of ''Dart'', ''Defender'', ''Cracker'', and ''Hasty'', and the schuyt ''Isis'' cut out four gunboats from the [[Pampus]], in the [[Zuiderzee]]. Three of the gunboats were schuyts, but one was a new, purpose-built gunboat armed with two 18-pounder guns in her bow and two 18-pounder carronades in her broadside. The three schuyts also carried four guns and carronades each. The vessels had crews ranging in size from 20 to 30 men. The British suffered no casualties.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 3, p.141.</ref>
+The Royal Navy took ''Desiree'' into service, and many British vessels shared in the proceeds of the capture.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15297|page=1123|date=27 September 1800}}</ref> In 1847 the Admiralty issued the [[List of clasps to the Naval General Service Medal (1847)|NGSM]] with clasp "Capture of the Désirée" to all surviving claimants from the raid.
-On 8 May 1800 ''Dart'' captured the ''Kaufhandel''.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=16 November 1802|issue=15533|startpage=1213}}</ref>
+Commander [[John Devonshire (Royal Navy officer)|John Ferris Devonshire]] replaced Campbell in August 1800.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=385}}
-''Dart'', captured [[French frigate Désirée (1796)|''Désirée'']] on 8 July 1800 in the [[Raid on Dunkirk (1800)|Raid on Dunkirk]]. ''Désirée'' was armed with 40 guns, those on the main deck being 24-pounder guns, and had a crew of 250 men under the command of Citizen Deplancy. However, a number of her crew were on shore. ''Dart'' lost one man killed and 13 wounded, including two officers badly wounded. Although several other vessels that participated in the raid had some wounded, ''Dart''{{'}}s capture of ''Desiree'' was the raid's only real accomplishment.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15274|startpage=782|endpage=784|date=5 July 1800}}</ref> This capture resulted in Campbell's promotion to [[post captain]] and command of the frigate {{HMS|Ariadne|1776|2}}. French casualties were heavy. One account states that all the French officers, save a midshipman, were killed, and that casualties amounted to almost 100 men killed and wounded.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 4, p.77.</ref> ''Lloyd's List'' reported on 11 July that the "Grand Desiree", prize to the ''Dart'', had arrived in the Downs, and that the French captain and about 50 men had been killed, and nine wounded.<ref>''Lloyd's List'', no.4067[http://www.1812privateers.org/LLOYDS/1800/07-11-1800.jpg] - accessed 25 June 2015.</ref>
+[[File:Gezicht van de zeeslag bij Copenhagen, 1801, RP-P-OB-73.110.jpg|thumb|''Dart'' at Copenhagen, 1801]]
+''Dart'' participated in the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1801)|Battle of Copenhagen]] where she had an officer and two men killed, and one man wounded.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15354|pages=402–404|date=15 April 1801}}</ref><ref>James (1837), Vol. 3, pp. 66–80.</ref> In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the NGSM with clasp "Copenhagen 1801" to all surviving claimants from the action. The Admiralty promoted Devonshire to [[post captain]] on 27 April for his role in the battle.{{sfnp|Marshall|1824|pp=411–4}} In June Lieutenant William Homan (acting) replaced Devonshire.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=385}}
+In October 1801 Commander [[William Bolton (post-captain)|William Bolton]] replaced Holmann. Bolton paid off ''Dart'' in October 1802.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=385}}
-The Royal Navy took ''Desiree'' into service, and many British vessels shared in the proceeds of the capture.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15297|startpage=1123|date=27 September 1800}}</ref> In 1847 the Admiralty issued the NGSM with clasp "Capture of the Désirée" to all surviving claimants from the raid.
+==Napoleonic wars==
-Commander John Ferris Devonshire replaced Campbell in August 1800.<ref name=Winfield/>
+''Dart'' was fitted at Deptford between August and November 1803. Commander William Brownrigg commissioned her there in October, for [[The Downs (ship anchorage)|the Downs]].{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=385}}
+On 8 December 1804 Home Popham, in {{HMS|Antelope|1802|2}}, sent ''Dart'' to provide support to the explosion ship ''Susannah'' and two carcasses in their attack against Fort Rouge and the pile battery there that protected the entrance to Calais.{{efn|Fort Rouge was a seafort, built of wood and standing on piles. It was armed with 12 cannons and had a garrison of 50 soldiers.}} The carcasses were intended to set fire to the piles, but one carcass did not reach its target and the other, though it reached the piles, did not ignite and was retrieved. ''Susannah'' did reach its target. When it exploded it destroyed much of the west part of Fort Rouge, according to report from the cutter ''Fox'' which sailed in the next day on a reconnaissance.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=11 December 1804|issue=15762|pages=1497–1498}}</ref>
-''Dart'' participated in the [[Battle of Copenhagen]] where she had an officer and two men killed, and one man wounded.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15354|startpage=402|endpage=404|date=15 April 1801}}</ref><ref>James (1837), Vol. 3, pp. 66-80.</ref> In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the NGSM with clasp "Copenhagen 1801" to all surviving claimants from the action. The Admiralty promoted Devonshire to [[post captain]] on 27 April for his role in the battle.<ref>Marshall (1824), Vol. 2, pp.411-4.</ref> In June Lieutenant William Homan (acting) replaced Devonshire.<ref name=Winfield/>
+Brownrigg died in December 1805. Commander [[Joseph Spear]] was appointed to command ''Dart'' in January 1806.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=385}} However, for much of the first half of the year he was acting captain of Admiral Sir [[Alexander Cochrane]]'s flagship, the 74-gun {{HMS|Northumberland|1798|6}}. Spear took part in the pursuit of a French squadron in June 1806 which had recently arrived in the Caribbean under [[Jean-Baptiste Philibert Willaumez]]. Spear then briefly became acting captain of the 74-gun {{HMS|Agamemnon|1781|6}}. During this time ''Dart'' was under the command of Commander James Brown.
-In October 1801 Commander William Bolton replaced Holmann. Bolton paid off ''Dart'' in October 1802.<ref name=Winfield/>
+Around this time ''Dart'' recaptured the ''Caledonia'' and sent her into Antigua. ''Caledonia'' had been sailing from New Brunswick to Antigua when a French privateer had captured her and sent her to Cayenne.<ref>''Lloyd's List'', no.4102 [http://www.1812privateers.org/LLOYDS/1806/11-25-1806.jpg] – accessed 25 June 2015.</ref>
-==Napoleonic wars==
-''Dart'' was fitted at Deptford between August and November 1803. Commander William Brownrigg commissioned her there in October, for [[the Downs]].<ref name=Winfield/>
+After Spear returned to command ''Dart'', with {{HMS|Wolverine|1805|2}} in company, captured the 8-gun [[schooner]] [[privateer]] ''Jeune Gabriella'' on 9 November 1806 at {{coord|12|45|N|57|5|W}}. ''Jeune Gabriella'' had thrown half her guns overboard during the chase. She was under the command of M. Auguste Boufford and had a crew of 75 men. She was out of Guadeloupe and had not made any captures.<ref name=LG15987>{{London Gazette|issue=15987|date=27 December 1806|page=1681}}</ref>{{efn|Many accounts state that on 12 November ''Dart'' and'' Wolverine'' captured the French 1-gun privateer ''Marianne''. These records are incorrect. The captor was {{HMS|Grenada|1804|2}}.<ref name=LG15987/>}}
-On 8 December 1804 Home Popham, in {{HMS|Antelope|1802|2}}, sent ''Dart'' to provide support to the explosion ship ''Susannah'' and two carcasses in their attack against Fort Rouge and the pile battery there that protected the entrance to Calais.<ref group=Note>Fort Rouge was a seafort, built of wood and standing on piles. It was armed with 12 cannons and had a garrison of 50 soldiers.</ref> The carcasses were intended to set fire to the piles, but one carcass did not reach its target and the other, though it reached the piles, did not ignite and was retrieved. ''Susannah'' did reach its target. When it exploded it destroyed much of the west part of Fort Rouge, according to report from the cutter ''Fox'' which sailed in the next day on a reconnaissance.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=11 December 1804|issue=15762|startpage=1497|endpage=1498}}</ref>
+On 30 November there occurred an unfortunate incident when ''Wolverine'' fired on a British merchant vessel engaged in lawful trade. At 10&nbsp;pm, she and ''Dart'' came upon a ship that they suspected was a French privateer and that kept up a running fight until morning, only surrendering after her captain and several of her crew had been wounded, of whom six later died. The vessel turned out to be the British 24-gun slaver {{ship||Mary|1806 ship|2}}, out of Liverpool, under Captain [[Hugh Crow]].<ref name=Clowes>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iH9nAAAAMAAJ&dq=Wolverine+Collier&pg=PA394 Clowes (1897–1903), pp.394–5]</ref>{{efn|The slave trade was not, in 1806, illegal. The British [[Slave Trade Act 1807]] abolished the trade by degrees, beginning in 1807.}} He had thought that the two vessels chasing him in the dark were French privateers out of [[Cayenne]] and was determined not to surrender his vessel without a fight. Commander Spear gave him a letter of praise for his determined resistance and the fight became something of a sensation; on his return home Crow received honour, glory and a substantial reward for his gallantry.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AHI9AAAAYAAJ&dq=Wolverine+Collier&pg=PA235 ''The Archer's Register'' (1864), p.235-6]</ref> Also, "many of the wretched negroes were killed or injured."<ref name=Clowes/>{{efn|Crow was a slaver who had earlier fought in two other engagements. The French vessel ''Robuste'', of twenty-four 12-pounders and 150 men, had captured him in 1794. Then on 21 February 1800, as captain of {{ship||Will|1797 ship|2}}, of eighteen 6-pounders and 50 men, he fought off a French privateer with the loss of three crewmen and two slaves killed and 10 wounded. He recounts his career and the fights in detail in his autobiography (Crow 1970).}}
-Brownrigg died in December 1805. Commander [[Joseph Spear]] was appointed to command ''Dart'' in January 1806.<ref name=Winfield/> However, for much of the first half of the year  he was acting captain of Admiral Sir [[Alexander Cochrane]]'s flagship, the 74-gun {{HMS|Northumberland|1798|6}}. Spear took part in the pursuit of a French squadron in June 1806 which had recently arrived in the Caribbean under [[Jean-Baptiste Philibert Willaumez]]. Spear then briefly became acting captain of the 74-gun {{HMS|Agamemnon|1781|6}}. During this time ''Dart'' was under the command of Commander James Brown.
+In January 1808 Lieutenant Thomas Pinto was promoted to commander and given command of ''Dart''.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 19, p.262.</ref> He took command on 9 February;{{sfnp|Marshall|1832|p=366}} he paid her off in November.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=385}}
-Around this time ''Dart'' recaptured the ''Caledonia'' and sent her into Antigua. ''Caledonia'' had been sailing from New Brunswick to Antigua when a French privateer had captured her and sent her to Cayenne.<ref>''Lloyd's List'', no.4102[http://www.1812privateers.org/LLOYDS/1806/11-25-1806.jpg] - accessed 25 June 2015.</ref>
+==Fate==
-After Spear returned to command ''Dart'', with {{HMS|Wolverine|1805|2}} in company, captured the 8-gun [[schooner]] [[privateer]] ''Jeune Gabriella'' on 9 November 1806 at {{coords|12|45|N|57|5|W}}. ''Jeune Gabriella'' had thrown half her guns overboard during the chase. She was under the command of M. Auguste Boufford and had a crew of 75 men. She was out of Guadeloupe and had not made any captures.<ref name=LG15987>{{London Gazette|issue=15987|date=27 December 1806|startpage=1681}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Many accounts state that on 12 November ''Dart'' and'' Wolverine'' captured the French 1-gun privateer ''Marianne''. These records are incorrect. The captor was {{HMS|Grenada|1804|2}}.<ref name=LG15987/>|group=Note}}
+''Dart'' was broken up at [[Barbados]] in 1809.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=385}}
+A statement during a Parliamentary debate in 1811 reports that, before she was broken up, ''Dart'' was serving as a [[guard ship]] in [[Carlisle Bay, Barbados|Carlisle]] harbour. One evening, while her captain was ashore, a seaman under confinement for disorderly behavior started making a great deal of noise. The officer on duty, a Lieutenant William Richards, had the man gagged which had the unintended result of the man dying, presumably of suffocation. The subsequent court martial acquitted Richards of murder, but dismissed him from the service.<ref>Cobbett (1812), pp.1028–34.</ref>
-On 30 November there occurred an unfortunate incident when ''Wolverine'' fired on a British merchant vessel engaged in lawful trade. At 10pm, she and ''Dart'' came upon a ship that they suspected was a French privateer and that kept up a running fight until morning, only surrendering after her captain and several of her crew had been wounded, of whom six later died. The vessel turned out to be the British 24-gun slaver ''Mary'', out of Liverpool, under Captain Hugh Crow.<ref name=Clowes>[http://books.google.com/books?id=iH9nAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA394&dq=Wolverine+Collier&num=100&ei=iJNTS9aLGZC8yQSS2cT5Cw&client=firefox-a&cd=79#v=onepage&q=Wolverine%20Collier&f=false Clowes (1897-1903), pp.394-5]</ref><ref group=Note>The slave trade was not, in 1806, illegal. The British [[Slave Trade Act 1807]] abolished the trade by degrees, beginning in 1807.</ref> He had thought that the two vessels chasing him in the dark were French privateers out of [[Cayenne]] and was determined not to surrender his vessel without a fight. Commander Spear gave him a letter of praise for his determined resistance and the fight became something of a sensation; on his return home Crow received honour, glory and a substantial reward for his gallantry.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=AHI9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA235&dq=Wolverine+Collier&num=100&ei=iJNTS9aLGZC8yQSS2cT5Cw&client=firefox-a&cd=48#v=onepage&q=Wolverine%20Collier&f=false ''The Archer's Register'' (1864), p.235-6]</ref> Also, "many of the wretched negroes were killed or injured."<ref name=Clowes/><ref group=Note>Crow was a slaver who had earlier fought in two other engagements. The French vessel ''Robuste'', of twenty-four 12-pounders and 150 men, had captured him in 1794. Then on 21 February 1800, as captain of ''Will'', of eighteen 6-pounders and 50 men, he fought off a French privateer with the loss of three crewmen and two slaves killed and 10 wounded. He recounts his career and the fights in detail in his autobiography (Crow 1970).</ref>
+==Notes==
-In January 1808 Lieutenant Thomas Pinto was promoted to Commander and given command of ''Dart''.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', Vol. 19, p.262.</ref> He took command on 9 February;<ref>Marshall (1832), Vol. 3, Part 2, p.366.</ref> he paid her off in November.<ref name=Winfield/>
+{{notelist}}
-==Fate==
-''Dart'' was broken up at [[Barbados]] in 1809.<ref name=Winfield/>
+==Citations==
-A statement during a Parliamentary debate in 1811 reports that, before she was broken up, ''Dart'' was serving as a guardship in [[Carlisle Bay, Barbados|Carlisle]] harbour. One evening, while her captain was ashore, a seaman under confinement for disorderly behavior stated making a great deal of noise. The officer on duty, a Lieutenant William Richards, had the man gagged which had the unintended result of the man dying, presumably of suffocation. The subsequent court martial acquitted Richards of murder, but dismissed him from the service.<ref>Cobbett (1812), pp.1028-34.</ref>
+{{reflist}}
+==References==
-==Notes, citations, and references==
+* {{cite book |last=Clowes |first=W. Laird |display-authors=et al. |year=1897–1903 |title=The Royal Navy: A history from the earliest times to the present |location=Boston / London |publisher=Little, Brown and Co. / S. Low, Marston and Co.}}
-;Notes
+*Cobbett, William (1812) ''Cobbett's Parliamentary Debates, During the ... Session of the ... Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the Kingdom of Great Britain ...''. (R. Bagshaw).
-{{reflist|group=Note}}
+* {{cite book |last=Crow |first=Hugh |year=1830 |title=Memoirs of the late Captain Hugh Crow, of Liverpool; comprising a narrative of his life, together with descriptive sketches of the western coast of Africa; particularly of Bonny ... To which are added, anecdotes and observations illustrative of the Negro character. Compiled chiefly from his own manuscripts, etc. |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green}}
-;Citations
+*Fonds Marine. Campagnes (opérations; divisions et stations navales; missions diverses). Inventaire de la sous-série Marine BB4. Tome premier: BB1 à 209 (1780–1804) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140306204735/http://www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr/contenu/functions/dc/attached/FRSHD_PUB_00000226_dc/FRSHD_PUB_00000226_dc_att-FRSHD_PUB_00000226_01.pdf]
-{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
+*{{cite book| last = James| first = William| authorlink = William James (naval historian)| year = 1837| title = The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV.| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_PSwOAAAAQAAJ| publisher = R. Bentley}}
-;References
+*{{cite RNB1823 |wstitle=Devonshire, John Ferris |volume=2 |part=1 |pages=411–414}}
-*Cobbett, william (1812) ''Cobbett's Parliamentary Debates, During the ... Session of the ... Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the Kingdom of Great Britain ...''. (R. Bagshaw).
+*{{cite RNB1823 |wstitle=Pinto, Thomas |volume=3 |part=2 |page=366}}
-*{{cite book| last = James| first = William| authorlink = William James (naval historian)| year = 1837| title = The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV.| publisher = R. Bentley}}
+*{{cite book|first=Rif|last=Winfield|title=British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher=Seaforth|year=2008|isbn=978-1861762467}}
-*Marshall, John (1823–1835) ''Royal naval biography, or, Memoirs of the services of all the flag-officers, superannuated rear-admirals, retired-captains, post-captains, and commanders, whose names appeared on the Admiralty list of sea officers at the commencement of the present year 1823, or who have since been promoted ...'' (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown).
-*{{cite book|first=Rif|last=Winfield|title=British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793&ndash;1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher=Seaforth|year=2008|isbn=1861762461}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Dart (1796)}}
 [[Category:1796 ships]]
 [[Category:Sloops of the Royal Navy]]
+[[Category:Friendly fire incidents]]