Hawar (magazine): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Former Kurdish literature magazine}} |
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'''''Hawar''''' (meaning ''The Cry'' in English) was a [[Kurdish literature]] magazine, which was published in [[Damascus]] between 1932 and |
'''''Hawar''''' (meaning ''The Cry'' in English) was a [[Kurdish literature]] magazine, which was published in [[Damascus]] between 1932 and 1943.<ref name="ozl">{{cite book|author=Ozlem Belcim Galip|title=Imagining Kurdistan: Identity, Culture and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kbWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA252|access-date=11 July 2016|date=30 May 2015|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-78453-016-7|page=252}}</ref> The magazine was first issued by [[Celadet Alî Bedirxan]]<ref name=ozl/> on 15 May 1932. The magazine was the first Kurdish literary magazine in Syria<ref name="kani"/> and it was intended to publish it on a monthly basis,<ref name="kani"/> but its publication was interrupted several times. The first 23 issues were published between 15 May 1932 and the 27 September 1935.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Gorgas|first=Jordi Tejel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nom3uVq2ayQC|title=Le mouvement kurde de Turquie en exil: continuités et discontinuités du nationalisme kurde sous le mandat français en Syrie et au Liban (1925-1946)|date=2007|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3-03911-209-8|pages=283|language=fr}}</ref> The issues number 24 - 26 appeared between 1 April 1934 and 18 August 1935.<ref name=":0" /> The remainder was published between April 1941 and August 1943,<ref name=":0" /> and the French, who governed [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|Syria and Lebanon]] at the time, supported its publication.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Winter|first=Stefan|date=2006|title=The other "Nahdah": The Bedirxand, the Mîllis and the tribal roots of Kurdish Nationalism in Syria|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25818086|journal=Oriente Moderno|volume=25 (86)|issue=3|pages=464|jstor=25818086|issn=0030-5472}}</ref> The 57th and last issue was released on 15 August 1943.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gorgas|first=Jordi Tejel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nom3uVq2ayQC|title=Le mouvement kurde de Turquie en exil: continuités et discontinuités du nationalisme kurde sous le mandat français en Syrie et au Liban (1925-1946)|date=2007|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3-03911-209-8|pages=283|language=fr}}</ref> The first 23 issues of the magazine were published in both the Latin and the Arabic alphabets, but from the 24th issue onward, only the Latin alphabet was used.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Kurdish alphabets|Kurdish alphabet]], which was formulated by the publisher Celadet Alî Bedirxan and also referred to as ''[[Kurdish alphabets|Hawar alphabet]]'' or the ''Bedirxan alphabet'', was used to publish ''Hawar''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Çi yekbûna Kurdan jî bi yekîtiya zimanê Kurdî çêdibe|url=http://www.aktuelbakis.com/Kurdistan/2010.html|website=Aktüel Bakış|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810003024/http://www.aktuelbakis.com/Kurdistan/2010.html|archive-date=10 August 2009|language=tr|date=15 May 2007|quote=An article about Hawar magazine}}</ref> The texts which were published emphasized the value of the Kurdish folklore for developing the Kurdish language and personal qualities.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Kurdish Question Revisited|last=Allison|first=Christine|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2017|isbn=9780190687182|editor-last=Stansfield|editor-first=Gareth|pages=119|editor-last2=Shareef|editor-first2=Mohammed}}</ref> Hawar had its most subscribers in [[Syria]] and [[Iraq]], but also [[Lebanon]], [[Iran]]. Some educational institutions and libraries in Europe and the Middle East also subscribed to the Hawar magazine.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Akturk|first=Ahmet Serdar|title=Imagining Kurdish Identity in Mandatory Syria: Finding a Nation in Exile|url=https://scholarworks.uark.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1865&context=etd|access-date=18 July 2020|website=University of Arkansas|pages=108–109}}</ref> Since 2006, the 15 May, the date of the first publication of Hawar in 1932, is celebrated as the Kurdish language day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The voice of knowledge: Hawar Magazine|url=https://anfenglishmobile.com/culture/the-voice-of-knowledge-hawar-magazine-43746|website=ANF News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HDP: Happy Kurdish Language Day|url=http://bianet.org/english/print/224310-hdp-happy-kurdish-language-day|website=Bianet|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> |
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Celadet Alî Bedirxan said of his purpose for the magazine: "Hawar is the voice of knowledge. Knowledge leads to personal reflection. A person who becomes aware of the inner-self desires freedom and happiness. Self-knowledge also leads to self-expression. This magazine will reflect those expressions in the Kurdish language".<ref name="kani">{{cite web|last1=Xulam|first1=Kani|title=Jeladet Ali Bedir Xan: The Story of A Kurdish Prince in Exile|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/culture/12052013|website=Rudaw|date=12 May 2013}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Defunct literary magazines]] |
[[Category:Defunct literary magazines]] |
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[[Category:Defunct magazines |
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in Syria]] |
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[[Category:Kurdish-language media]] |
[[Category:Kurdish-language mass media]] |
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[[Category:Magazines established in 1932]] |
[[Category:Magazines established in 1932]] |
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[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1945]] |
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1945]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Mass media in Damascus]] |
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[[Category:Syrian magazines]] |
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[[Category:Monthly magazines]] |
[[Category:Monthly magazines]] |
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[[Category:1932 establishments in Mandatory Syria]] |
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{{lit-mag-stub}} |
{{Asia-lit-mag-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 01:05, 24 July 2024
Hawar (meaning The Cry in English) was a Kurdish literature magazine, which was published in Damascus between 1932 and 1943.[1] The magazine was first issued by Celadet Alî Bedirxan[1] on 15 May 1932. The magazine was the first Kurdish literary magazine in Syria[2] and it was intended to publish it on a monthly basis,[2] but its publication was interrupted several times. The first 23 issues were published between 15 May 1932 and the 27 September 1935.[3] The issues number 24 - 26 appeared between 1 April 1934 and 18 August 1935.[3] The remainder was published between April 1941 and August 1943,[3] and the French, who governed Syria and Lebanon at the time, supported its publication.[4] The 57th and last issue was released on 15 August 1943.[5] The first 23 issues of the magazine were published in both the Latin and the Arabic alphabets, but from the 24th issue onward, only the Latin alphabet was used.[3] The Kurdish alphabet, which was formulated by the publisher Celadet Alî Bedirxan and also referred to as Hawar alphabet or the Bedirxan alphabet, was used to publish Hawar.[6] The texts which were published emphasized the value of the Kurdish folklore for developing the Kurdish language and personal qualities.[7] Hawar had its most subscribers in Syria and Iraq, but also Lebanon, Iran. Some educational institutions and libraries in Europe and the Middle East also subscribed to the Hawar magazine.[8] Since 2006, the 15 May, the date of the first publication of Hawar in 1932, is celebrated as the Kurdish language day.[9][10]
Celadet Alî Bedirxan said of his purpose for the magazine: "Hawar is the voice of knowledge. Knowledge leads to personal reflection. A person who becomes aware of the inner-self desires freedom and happiness. Self-knowledge also leads to self-expression. This magazine will reflect those expressions in the Kurdish language".[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Ozlem Belcim Galip (30 May 2015). Imagining Kurdistan: Identity, Culture and Society. I.B.Tauris. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-78453-016-7. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ a b c Xulam, Kani (12 May 2013). "Jeladet Ali Bedir Xan: The Story of A Kurdish Prince in Exile". Rudaw.
- ^ a b c d Gorgas, Jordi Tejel (2007). Le mouvement kurde de Turquie en exil: continuités et discontinuités du nationalisme kurde sous le mandat français en Syrie et au Liban (1925-1946) (in French). Peter Lang. p. 283. ISBN 978-3-03911-209-8.
- ^ Winter, Stefan (2006). "The other "Nahdah": The Bedirxand, the Mîllis and the tribal roots of Kurdish Nationalism in Syria". Oriente Moderno. 25 (86) (3): 464. ISSN 0030-5472. JSTOR 25818086.
- ^ Gorgas, Jordi Tejel (2007). Le mouvement kurde de Turquie en exil: continuités et discontinuités du nationalisme kurde sous le mandat français en Syrie et au Liban (1925-1946) (in French). Peter Lang. p. 283. ISBN 978-3-03911-209-8.
- ^ "Çi yekbûna Kurdan jî bi yekîtiya zimanê Kurdî çêdibe". Aktüel Bakış (in Turkish). 15 May 2007. Archived from the original on 10 August 2009.
An article about Hawar magazine
- ^ Allison, Christine (2017). Stansfield, Gareth; Shareef, Mohammed (eds.). The Kurdish Question Revisited. Oxford University Press. p. 119. ISBN 9780190687182.
- ^ Akturk, Ahmet Serdar. "Imagining Kurdish Identity in Mandatory Syria: Finding a Nation in Exile". University of Arkansas. pp. 108–109. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ "The voice of knowledge: Hawar Magazine". ANF News. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
- ^ "HDP: Happy Kurdish Language Day". Bianet. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
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