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Coordinates: 39°0′4″N 141°6′28″E / 39.00111°N 141.10778°E / 39.00111; 141.10778
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{{Infobox World Heritage Site
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
|WHS = Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land
| WHS = Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land
|Image = [[File:Oizumi Pond Motsuji Hiraizumi 2007-01-27.jpg|300px|The pure land garden of Motsu-ji temple]]
| image = 230728 Motsuji Hiraizumi Iwate pref Japan04s3.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
|State Party = [[Japan]]
|Type = Cultural
| caption = Pure Land Garden of Mōtsū-ji
| location = [[Hiraizumi, Iwate|Hiraizumi]], [[Nishiiwai District, Iwate|Nishiiwai District]], [[Iwate Prefecture]], [[Japan]]
|Criteria = ii, vi
| includes = <!--{{subst:Wikidata|properties|linked|P527}}--><!--replace by summary if the list of sub-entities is too large or incomplete-->
|ID = 1277
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (vi)}}(ii), (vi)
|Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia|Asia-Pacific]]
|Year = 2011
| ID = 1277rev
| coordinates = {{coord|39|0|4|N|141|6|28|E|display=title, inline|format=dms}}
|Session = 35th
|Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1277
| year = 2011
| area = {{convert|176.2|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone = {{convert|6,008|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| locmapin = Japan<!--#{{subst:Wikidata|property|P17}} Iwate Prefecture-->
| map_caption =
}}
}}
⚫
'''Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land''' is a grouping of five sites from late eleventh- and twelfth-century [[Hiraizumi]], [[Iwate Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. The serial nomination was inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage List]] in 2011, under criteria [[World Heritage Site#Cultural criteria|ii and vi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1277 |title=Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1277rev.pdf |title=Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land |publisher=[[ICOMOS]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref>

⚫
'''Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land''' is a grouping of five sites from late eleventh- and twelfth-century [[Hiraizumi]], [[Iwate Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. The serial nomination was inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage List]] in 2011, under criteria [[World Heritage Site#Cultural criteria|ii and vi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1277 |title=Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1277rev.pdf |title=Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land |publisher=[[ICOMOS]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref>


==Hiraizumi==
==Hiraizumi==
For four generations from c.1087, when [[Fujiwara no Kiyohira]] moved his headquarters and residence from further north, until 1189, when the army of [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] put an end to the [[Northern Fujiwara]], [[Hiraizumi]] served as an important political, military, commercial, and cultural centre.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Cambridge History of Japan II: Heian Japan |author1=Shiveley, Donald H. |author2=McCullough, William H. |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1999 |page=678 |ISBN=0-521-22353-9}}</ref> Several major [[Buddhist temples in Japan|temples]] associated with [[Pure Land Buddhism]] were founded and endowed, but the demise of their benefactors and a series of fires contributed to their subsequent decline. When [[Matsuo Bashō|Bashō]] visited in 1689 he was moved to write, in [[Oku no Hosomichi]]: ''summer grass... remains of soldiers' dreams''.<ref name="Summer Grass">{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1 |pages=1–4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Japanese Poetic Diaries |author=[[Earl Miner|Miner, Earl]] |year=1969 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |pages=176f}}</ref> A series of excavations from the mid-twentieth century onwards combined with references in [[Azuma Kagami]], in particular the ''[[Bunji (era)|Bunji]]-no-chūmon'' petition of 1189, and the ''Shōwa sojō'' or "monks' appeal" of 1313 from the [[Chūson-ji]] archives, has contributed much to the understanding of the sites and the period.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |page=26 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0909/koto-english/koremae/bunkene/syousaie/bunken2.htm |title=Historical Study by the Historical Documents |publisher=[[Iwate Prefecture]] |accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref>
For four generations from c.1087, when [[Fujiwara no Kiyohira]] moved his headquarters and residence from further north, until 1189, when the army of [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] put an end to the [[Northern Fujiwara]], [[Hiraizumi]] served as an important political, military, commercial, and cultural centre.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Cambridge History of Japan II: Heian Japan |author1=Shiveley, Donald H. |author2=McCullough, William H. |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1999 |page=678 |ISBN=0-521-22353-9}}</ref> Several major [[Buddhist temples in Japan|temples]] associated with [[Pure Land Buddhism]] were founded and endowed, but the demise of their benefactors and a series of fires contributed to their subsequent decline. When [[Matsuo Bashō|Bashō]] visited in 1689 he was moved to write, in [[Oku no Hosomichi]]: ''summer grass... remains of soldiers' dreams''.<ref name="Summer Grass">{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1 |pages=1–4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Japanese Poetic Diaries |url=https://archive.org/details/japanesepoeticdi0000mine |url-access=registration |author=Miner, Earl |author-link=Earl Miner |year=1969 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |pages=176f}}</ref> A series of excavations from the mid-twentieth century onwards combined with references in [[Azuma Kagami]], in particular the ''[[Bunji (era)|Bunji]]-no-chūmon'' petition of 1189, and the ''Shōwa sojō'' or "monks' appeal" of 1313 from the [[Chūson-ji]] archives, has contributed much to the understanding of the sites and the period.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |page=26 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0909/koto-english/koremae/bunkene/syousaie/bunken2.htm |title=Historical Study by the Historical Documents |publisher=[[Iwate Prefecture]] |accessdate=16 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927153318/http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0909/koto-english/koremae/bunkene/syousaie/bunken2.htm |archive-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Component sites==
==Component sites==
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!width="10%" align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"|Coords
!width="10%" align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"|Coords
|-
|-
| align="center"|[[Chūson-ji]]<br>{{nihongo2|中尊寺境内}}<br><small>''Chūsonji keidai''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || Said to have been founded by [[Ennin]] in 850; rebuilt by [[Fujiwara no Kiyohira]] at the beginning of the twelfth century with a [[Tō|pagoda]] and the Daichōju-in, a Great Hall dedicated to [[Amitābha|Amida]]; fires in 1337 consumed many buildings and temple treasures; unusually, the mummified bodies of [[Fujiwara no Kiyohira]] and his heirs were interred at the Konjikidō, the Hall of Gold dedicated to [[Amitābha|Amida]] (pictured; [[National Treasures of Japan|National Treasure]]); the compound is a [[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments|Special Historic Site]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp?register_id=401&item_id=165 |title=中尊寺境内 |trans_title=Chūsonji Precinct |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=67–76, 121–142 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Heian Temples: Byodo-in and Chuson-ji |author=Fukuyama, Toshio |publisher=[[Weatherhill]] |year=1976 |ISBN=0-8348-1023-9}}</ref> || [[File:Interior of Konjikido, Chusonji (62).jpg|150px]] || {{coord|39.00186419|N|141.10007091|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Chūson-ji}}
| align="center"|[[Chūson-ji]]<br>{{nihongo2|中尊寺境内}}<br><small>''Chūsonji keidai''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || Said to have been founded by [[Ennin]] in 850; rebuilt by [[Fujiwara no Kiyohira]] at the beginning of the twelfth century with a [[Tō|pagoda]] and the Daichōju-in, a Great Hall dedicated to [[Amitābha|Amida]]; fires in 1337 consumed many buildings and temple treasures; unusually, the mummified bodies of [[Fujiwara no Kiyohira]] and his heirs were interred at the Konjikidō, the Hall of Gold dedicated to [[Amitābha|Amida]] (pictured; [[National Treasures of Japan|National Treasure]]); the compound is a [[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments|Special Historic Site]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/165 |script-title=ja:中尊寺境内 |trans-title=Chūsonji Precinct |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=67–76, 121–142 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Heian Temples: Byodo-in and Chuson-ji |author=Fukuyama, Toshio |publisher=[[Weatherhill]] |year=1976 |ISBN=0-8348-1023-9}}</ref> || [[File:Interior of Konjikido, Chusonji (62).jpg|150px]] || {{coord|39.00186419|N|141.10007091|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Chūson-ji}}
|-
|-
| align="center"|[[Mōtsū-ji]]<br>{{nihongo2|毛越寺境内}}<br><small>''Mōtsūji keidai''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || Said to have been founded by [[Ennin]] in 850; rebuilt by Fujiwara no Motohira in the twelfth century; its destruction by fire in 1226 was lamented in [[Azuma Kagami]] as the loss of a monument 'incomparable in our time'; the tweflth-century paradise garden, with stone-paved stream, pond, pebble beach, peninsula, island, and ornamental stones is a [[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments|Special Place of Scenic Beauty]]; the precinct and [[Buddhist temples in Japan#Common history of Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines in Japan|associated]] [[Chinjusha|tutelary shrine]] is a [[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments|Special Historic Site]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp?register_id=401&item_id=116 |title=毛越寺境内附鎮守社跡 |trans_title=Mōtsūji Precinct and Chinjusha |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp?register_id=401&item_id=158 |title=毛越寺庭園 |trans_title=Mōtsūji Garden |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="Gardens">{{cite web |url=http://mokuren.nabunken.go.jp/scripts/strieveW.exe?USER=NCPGE&PW=NCPGE |title=Archaeologically Excavated Japanese Gardens Database |publisher=[[Nara Research Institute for Cultural Properties]] |accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=100–105 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref> || [[File:Motsuji Temple Hiraizumi 2007-01-27.jpg|150px]] || {{coord|38.99053116|N|141.11545706|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Mōtsū-ji}}
| align="center"|[[Mōtsū-ji]]<br>{{nihongo2|毛越寺境内}}<br><small>''Mōtsūji keidai''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || Said to have been founded by [[Ennin]] in 850; rebuilt by Fujiwara no Motohira in the twelfth century; its destruction by fire in 1226 was lamented in [[Azuma Kagami]] as the loss of a monument 'incomparable in our time'; the twelfth-century paradise garden, with stone-paved stream, pond, pebble beach, peninsula, island, and ornamental stones is a [[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments|Special Place of Scenic Beauty]]; the precinct and [[Buddhist temples in Japan#Common history of Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines in Japan|associated]] [[Chinjusha|tutelary shrine]] is a [[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments|Special Historic Site]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/116 |script-title=ja:毛越寺境内附鎮守社跡 |trans-title=Mōtsūji Precinct and Chinjusha |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/158 |script-title=ja:毛越寺庭園 |trans-title=Mōtsūji Garden |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="Gardens">{{cite web |url=http://mokuren.nabunken.go.jp/scripts/strieveW.exe?USER=NCPGE&PW=NCPGE |title=Archaeologically Excavated Japanese Gardens Database |publisher=[[Nara Research Institute for Cultural Properties]] |accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=100–105 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref> || [[File:230728 Motsuji Hiraizumi Iwate pref Japan11s3.jpg|150px]] || {{coord|38.99053116|N|141.11545706|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Mōtsū-ji}}
|-
|-
| align="center"|[[Kanjizaiō-in|Kanjizaiō-in Ato]]<br>{{nihongo2|観自在王院跡}}<br><small>''Kanjizaiōin ato''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || Founded adjacent to Mōtsū-ji with two [[Amitābha|Amida]] Halls by the wife of Fujiwara no Motohira in the twelfth century; destroyed by fire in 1573; its twelfth-century paradise garden with stream, pond, pebble beach, island, and waterfall stone arrangement is a [[Monuments of Japan|Place of Scenic Beauty]]<ref name="Gardens"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp?register_id=401&item_id=3438 |title=旧観自在王院庭園 |trans_title=Former Kanjizaiōin Garden |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/kanrenshiseki/index.html |title=Kanjizaioin Temple Site |publisher=[[Mōtsū-ji]] |accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=106f |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref> || [[File:Kanjizaiō-in.JPG|150px]] || {{coord|38.9881789|N|141.11037523|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Kanjizaiō-in Ato}}
| align="center"|[[Kanjizaiō-in|Kanjizaiō-in Ato]]<br>{{nihongo2|観自在王院跡}}<br><small>''Kanjizaiōin ato''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || Founded adjacent to Mōtsū-ji with two [[Amitābha|Amida]] Halls by the wife of Fujiwara no Motohira in the twelfth century; destroyed by fire in 1573; its twelfth-century paradise garden with stream, pond, pebble beach, island, and waterfall stone arrangement is a [[Monuments of Japan|Place of Scenic Beauty]]<ref name="Gardens"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/3438 |script-title=ja:旧観自在王院庭園 |trans-title=Former Kanjizaiōin Garden |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/kanrenshiseki/index.html |title=Kanjizaioin Temple Site |publisher=[[Mōtsū-ji]] |accessdate=16 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624050511/http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/kanrenshiseki/index.html |archivedate=24 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=106f |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref> || [[File:230728 Kanjizaio-in Hiraizumi Iwate pref Japan14s3.jpg|150px]] || {{coord|38.9881789|N|141.11037523|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Kanjizaiō-in Ato}}
|-
|-
| align="center"|[[Muryōkō-in|Muryōkō-in Ato]]<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:無量光院跡|無量光院跡]]}}<br><small>''Muryōkōin ato''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || Founded with a monumental [[Japanese sculpture|statue]] of [[Amitābha|Amida]] by [[Fujiwara no Hidehira]] in the twelfth-century; modelled on [[Byōdō-in]] near [[Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)|Kyoto]]; twelfth-century paradise garden with pond, island and ornamental stones; a [[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments|Special Historic Site]]<ref name="Gardens"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp?register_id=401&item_id=117 |title=無量光院跡 |trans_title=Muryōkōin Site |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/kanrenshiseki/index.html |title=Muryokoin Temple Site |publisher=[[Mōtsū-ji]] |accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=107–111 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref> || [[File:Muryokoin ruins Hiraizumi 2007-01-27.jpg|150px]] || {{coord|38.99293001|N|141.1158882|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Muryōkō-in Ato}}
| align="center"|[[Muryōkō-in|Muryōkō-in Ato]]<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:無量光院跡|無量光院跡]]}}<br><small>''Muryōkōin ato''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || Founded with a monumental [[Japanese sculpture|statue]] of [[Amitābha|Amida]] by [[Fujiwara no Hidehira]] in the twelfth-century; modelled on [[Byōdō-in]] near [[Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)|Kyoto]]; twelfth-century paradise garden with pond, island and ornamental stones; a [[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments|Special Historic Site]]<ref name="Gardens"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/117 |script-title=ja:無量光院跡 |trans-title=Muryōkōin Site |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/kanrenshiseki/index.html |title=Muryokoin Temple Site |publisher=[[Mōtsū-ji]] |accessdate=16 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624050511/http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/kanrenshiseki/index.html |archivedate=24 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=107–111 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref> || [[File:230728 Muryokoin Hiraizumi Iwate pref Japan14s3.jpg|150px]] || {{coord|38.99293001|N|141.1158882|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Muryōkō-in Ato}}
|-
|-
| align="center"|[[Kinkeizan|Mount Kinkeisan]]<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:金鶏山|金鶏山]]}}<br><small>''Kinkeizan''</small> || Mountain || Summit used for [[sutra]] burials; remains of a [[Dō (architecture)|Hall]] identified as belonging to [[Gongen|Zaō Gongen]]; associated with the cult of [[Maitreya|Miroku]]; an [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Site]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp?register_id=401&item_id=3428 |title=金鶏山 |trans_title=Kinkeizan |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hiraizumi.or.jp/en/sightseeing/kinkeizan/index.html |title=Mt. Kinkei |publisher=Hiraizumi Tourism Association |accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |page=110 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref> || [[File:Mount Kinkeisan.JPG|150px]] || {{coord|38.99335037|N|141.10920153|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Mount Kinkeisan}}
| align="center"|[[Kinkeizan|Mount Kinkeisan]]<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:金鶏山|金鶏山]]}}<br><small>''Kinkeizan''</small> || Mountain || Summit used for [[sutra]] burials; remains of a [[Dō (architecture)|Hall]] identified as belonging to [[Gongen|Zaō Gongen]]; associated with the cult of [[Maitreya|Miroku]]; a [[Monuments of Japan|historic site]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/3428 |script-title=ja:金鶏山 |trans-title=Kinkeizan |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hiraizumi.or.jp/en/sightseeing/kinkeizan/index.html |title=Mt. Kinkei |publisher=Hiraizumi Tourism Association |accessdate=16 May 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714034308/http://hiraizumi.or.jp/en/sightseeing/kinkeizan/index.html |archive-date=14 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |page=110 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref> || [[File:Mount Kinkeisan.JPG|150px]] || {{coord|38.99335037|N|141.10920153|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Mount Kinkeisan}}
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Original submission==
==Original submission==
The original 2006 nomination of "Hiraizumi - Cultural Landscape Associated with Pure Land Buddhist Cosmology" included five further sites while omitting that of Kanjizaiō-in as a separate component.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/sekaiisan/index2.html |title=世界遺産の概要 |trans_title=World Heritage Site: summary |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Iwate Prefecture]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref> Four were removed from the nomination after the failure to secure inscription in 2008; the component site of the Yanagi Palace was excluded from the 2011 inscription, although there are continuing efforts to secure its inclusion through future extension.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mext.go.jp/english/topics/1308580.htm |title=Report on the 35th World Heritage Committee Session Decision Results for: “Hiraizumi- Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land” |publisher=[[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20110618f1.html |title=Temple hopes for UNESCO nod and big cheer for Iwate |author=Corkill, Edan |work=[[The Japan Times]] |date=18 June 2011 |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref>
The original 2006 nomination of "Hiraizumi - Cultural Landscape Associated with Pure Land Buddhist Cosmology" included five further sites while omitting that of Kanjizaiō-in as a separate component.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/sekaiisan/index2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517153509/http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/sekaiisan/index2.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 May 2006 |script-title=ja:世界遺産の概要 |trans-title=World Heritage Site: summary |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Iwate Prefecture]] |accessdate=3 August 2012 }}</ref> Four were removed from the nomination after the failure to secure inscription in 2008; the component site of the Yanagi Palace was excluded from the 2011 inscription, although there are continuing efforts to secure its inclusion through future extension.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mext.go.jp/english/topics/1308580.htm |title=Report on the 35th World Heritage Committee Session Decision Results for: "Hiraizumi- Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land" |publisher=[[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] |accessdate=3 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722201358/http://www.mext.go.jp/english/topics/1308580.htm |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20110618f1.html |title=Temple hopes for UNESCO nod and big cheer for Iwate |author=Corkill, Edan |work=[[The Japan Times]] |date=18 June 2011 |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="background:#ffffff;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="background:#ffffff;"
Line 49: Line 52:
!width="10%" align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"|Coords
!width="10%" align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"|Coords
|-
|-
| align="center"|[[Yanagi-no-Gosho]] Site<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:柳之御所遺跡|柳之御所遺跡]]}}<br><small>''Yanagi-no-gosho iseki''</small> || Palace || Ruins of the Yanagi (Willow) Palace of the [[Northern Fujiwara|Ōshū Fujiwara]] clan; an [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Site]]<ref name="Yanagi">{{cite web |url=http://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp?register_id=401&item_id=171 |title=柳之御所・平泉遺跡群 |trans_title=Yanagi Gosho - Hiraizumi Sites |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hiraizumi.or.jp/en/sightseeing/yanaginogoshoiseki/index.html |title=Yanagi no Gosho Site |publisher=Hiraizumi Tourism Association |accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hiraizumi.or.jp/en/sightseeing/yanaginogosho/index.html |title=Yanagi no Gosho Museum |publisher=Hiraizumi Tourism Association |accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=65, 99 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref> || [[File:Yanaginogosho Site.JPG|150px]] || {{coord|39.00694103|N|141.09936087|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Yanagi-no-Gosho Site}}
| align="center"|[[Yanagi-no-Gosho]] Site<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:柳之御所遺跡|柳之御所遺跡]]}}<br><small>''Yanagi-no-gosho iseki''</small> || Palace || Ruins of the Yanagi (Willow) Palace of the [[Northern Fujiwara|Ōshū Fujiwara]] clan; a [[Monuments of Japan|historic site]]<ref name="Yanagi">{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/171 |script-title=ja:柳之御所・平泉遺跡群 |trans-title=Yanagi Gosho - Hiraizumi Sites |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hiraizumi.or.jp/en/sightseeing/yanaginogoshoiseki/index.html |title=Yanagi no Gosho Site |publisher=Hiraizumi Tourism Association |accessdate=16 May 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121219135126/http://hiraizumi.or.jp/en/sightseeing/yanaginogoshoiseki/index.html |archive-date=19 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hiraizumi.or.jp/en/sightseeing/yanaginogosho/index.html |title=Yanagi no Gosho Museum |publisher=Hiraizumi Tourism Association |accessdate=16 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703135236/http://hiraizumi.or.jp/en/sightseeing/yanaginogosho/index.html |archive-date=3 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=65, 99 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1998 |ISBN=0-674-39205-1}}</ref> || [[File:Yanaginogosho Site.JPG|150px]] || {{coord|39.00694103|N|141.09936087|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Yanagi-no-Gosho Site}}
|-
|-
| align="center"|[[Takkoku-no-Iwaya]]<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:達谷窟|達谷窟]]}}<br><small>''Takkoku-no-iwaya''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || an [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Site]] in the south-eastern part of Hiraizumi that includes a temple dedicated to [[Bishamonten]], reputed to date back to [[Sakanoue no Tamuramaro]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp?register_id=401&item_id=3414 |title=達谷窟 |trans_title=Takkoku-no-Iwaya |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |acessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref> || [[File:Takkoku no Iwaya.JPG|150px]] || {{coord|38.96901282|N|141.0581363|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Takkoku-no-Iwaya}}
| align="center"|[[Takkoku-no-Iwaya]]<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:達谷窟|達谷窟]]}}<br><small>''Takkoku-no-iwaya''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || a [[Monuments of Japan|historic site]] in the south-eastern part of Hiraizumi that includes a temple dedicated to [[Vaiśravaṇa|Bishamonten]], reputed to date back to [[Sakanoue no Tamuramaro]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/3414 |title=達谷窟 |trans-title=Takkoku-no-Iwaya |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref> || [[File:230728 Takkoku-no-iwaya Bishamondo Hiraizumi Iwate pref Japan02s3.jpg|150px]] || {{coord|38.96901282|N|141.0581363|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Takkoku-no-Iwaya}}
|-
|-
| align="center"|[[Shirotori-tate]] Site<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:白鳥舘遺跡|白鳥舘遺跡]]}}<br><small>''Shirotori-tate iseki''</small> || [[Japanese castle|Japanese castle ruins]] || Located in [[Ōshū, Iwate|Ōshū City]] north of Hiraizumi; in a strategic spot on the [[Kitakami River]], it is generally believed that it was the site of numerous structures between the 10th and 16th centuries. Exactly what its status was during the reigns of the [[Abe clan]] ([[Fujiwara no Kiyohira]]'s maternal ancestors) and the [[Northern Fujiwara|Ōshū Fujiwara clan]] is unclear, but as the site of several medieval castle-structures linked to them, it was one of the first to be submitted for consideration by the World Heritage Committee; [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Site]]<ref name="Yanagi"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/syokai/shirotoritate.html |title=白鳥舘遺跡 |trans_title=Shirotori-tate Site |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Iwate Prefecture]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref> || || {{coord|39.025018|N|141.134834|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Shirotori-tate Site}}
| align="center"|[[Shirotori-tate]] Site<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:白鳥舘遺跡|白鳥舘遺跡]]}}<br><small>''Shirotori-tate iseki''</small> || [[Japanese castle|Japanese castle ruins]] || Located in [[Ōshū, Iwate|Ōshū City]] north of Hiraizumi; in a strategic spot on the [[Kitakami River]], it is generally believed that it was the site of numerous structures between the 10th and 16th centuries. Exactly what its status was during the reigns of the [[Abe clan]] ([[Fujiwara no Kiyohira]]'s maternal ancestors) and the [[Northern Fujiwara|Ōshū Fujiwara clan]] is unclear, but as the site of several medieval castle-structures linked to them, it was one of the first to be submitted for consideration by the World Heritage Committee; [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Site]]<ref name="Yanagi"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/syokai/shirotoritate.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723002901/http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/syokai/shirotoritate.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 July 2011 |script-title=ja:白鳥舘遺跡 |trans-title=Shirotori-tate Site |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Iwate Prefecture]] |accessdate=3 August 2012 }}</ref> || || {{coord|39.025018|N|141.134834|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Shirotori-tate Site}}
|-
|-
| align="center"|[[Chōjagahara Haiji]] Site<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:長者ヶ原廃寺跡|長者ヶ原廃寺跡]]}}<br><small>''Chōjagahara Haiji iseki''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Site]]<ref name="Yanagi"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/syokai/chojagahara.html |title=長者ヶ原廃寺跡 |trans_title=Chōjagahara Haiji Site |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Iwate Prefecture]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref> || [[File:Cyoujagahara.JPG|150px]] || {{coord|39.012694|N|141.096611|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Chōjagahara Haiji Site}}
| align="center"|[[Chōjagahara Haiji]] Site<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:長者ヶ原廃寺跡|長者ヶ原廃寺跡]]}}<br><small>''Chōjagahara Haiji iseki''</small> || [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Temple]] || [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Site]]<ref name="Yanagi"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/syokai/chojagahara.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715060014/http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/syokai/chojagahara.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 July 2007 |script-title=ja:長者ヶ原廃寺跡 |trans-title=Chōjagahara Haiji Site |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Iwate Prefecture]] |accessdate=3 August 2012 }}</ref> || [[File:Cyoujagahara.JPG|150px]] || {{coord|39.012694|N|141.096611|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Chōjagahara Haiji Site}}
|-
|-
| align="center"|[[Honedera-mura Shōen]] Site<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:骨寺村荘園遺跡|骨寺村荘園遺跡]]}}<br><small>''Honedera-mura shōen iseki''</small> || [[Shōen]] || [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Site]]; the surrounding area is an [[Cultural Landscapes of Japan|Important Cultural Landscape]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp?register_id=401&item_id=3415 |title=骨寺村荘園遺跡 |trans_title=Honetera Village Shōen Site |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp?register_id=412&item_id=00003491 |title=一関本寺の農村景観 |trans_title=Landscape of the Agricultural Village of Hondera, Ichinoseki |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref> || || {{coord|38.9817021|N|140.95177743|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Honedera-mura Shōen Site}}
| align="center"|[[Honedera-mura Shōen]] Site<br>{{nihongo2|[[:ja:骨寺村荘園遺跡|骨寺村荘園遺跡]]}}<br><small>''Honedera-mura shōen iseki''</small> || [[Shōen]] || [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Site]]; the surrounding area is an [[Cultural Landscapes of Japan|Important Cultural Landscape]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/401/3415 |script-title=ja:骨寺村荘園遺跡 |trans-title=Honetera Village Shōen Site |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/412/00003491 |script-title=ja:一関本寺の農村景観 |trans-title=Landscape of the Agricultural Village of Hondera, Ichinoseki |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref> || || {{coord|38.9817021|N|140.95177743|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Honedera-mura Shōen Site}}
|-
|-
|}
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land-122490.jpg|temple interior with mural
File:Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land-122493.jpg|temple gates
File:Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land-122495.jpg|temple screen
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
{{Commons category|Hiraizumi, Iwate}}
{{Commons category|Hiraizumi - Temples, gardens and archaeological sites representing the Buddhist Pure Land}}
* [[List of National Treasures of Japan (temples)]]
* [[List of National Treasures of Japan (temples)]]
* [[List of Historic Sites of Japan (Iwate)]]
* [[List of Historic Sites of Japan (Iwate)]]
Line 78: Line 88:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1277 UNESCO entry]
* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1277 UNESCO entry]
* [http://www.town.hiraizumi.iwate.jp/hiraizumi/english/ Hiraizumi - World Heritage (Hiraizumi Town)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121020200054/http://www.town.hiraizumi.iwate.jp/hiraizumi/english/ Hiraizumi - World Heritage (Hiraizumi Town)]
* [http://www.chusonji.or.jp/en/index.html Chūson-ji homepage]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131221004841/http://www.chusonji.or.jp/en/index.html Chūson-ji homepage]
* [http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/index.php Mōtsū-ji homepage]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100914115946/http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/index.php Mōtsū-ji homepage]
* {{ja icon}} [http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/sekaiisan/index.html Hiraizumi - World Heritage (Iwate Prefecture)]
* {{in lang|ja}} [https://archive.today/20121219170618/http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/sekaiisan/index.html Hiraizumi - World Heritage (Iwate Prefecture)]



{{World Heritage Sites in Japan}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Japan}}


{{Authority control}}
{{coord|38|59|19|N|141|06|37|E|source:eswiki|display=title}}


[[Category:Japanese culture]]
[[Category:Culture of Japan]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Iwate Prefecture]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Iwate Prefecture]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Japan]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Japan]]
[[Category:Culture in Iwate Prefecture]]
[[Category:Culture in Iwate Prefecture]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Iwate Prefecture]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Iwate Prefecture]]
[[Category:Buddhism in the Heian period]]
{{Link GA|ja}}

[[es:Monumentos históricos de Hiraizumi]]
[[fa:اماکن تاریخی هیرائی زومی]]
[[hr:Budistička čista zemlja Hiraizumija]]
[[ka:ჰირაიძუმის ისტორიული ძეგლები და მონუმენტები]]
[[ja:平泉]]
[[simple:Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi]]
[[fi:Hiraizumin Puhtaan Maan buddhalaisuuden temppelit, puutarhat ja arkeologiset kohteet]]
[[zh:平泉文化遺產]]

Latest revision as of 13:49, 29 April 2024

Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Pure Land Garden of Mōtsū-ji
LocationHiraizumi, Nishiiwai District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan
CriteriaCultural: (ii), (vi)
Reference1277rev
Inscription2011 (35th Session)
Area176.2 ha (435 acres)
Buffer zone6,008 ha (14,850 acres)
Coordinates39°0′4″N 141°6′28″E / 39.00111°N 141.10778°E / 39.00111; 141.10778
Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi is located in Japan
Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi
Location of Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi in Japan

Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land is a grouping of five sites from late eleventh- and twelfth-century Hiraizumi, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The serial nomination was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2011, under criteria ii and vi.[1][2]

Hiraizumi

[edit]

For four generations from c.1087, when Fujiwara no Kiyohira moved his headquarters and residence from further north, until 1189, when the army of Minamoto no Yoritomo put an end to the Northern Fujiwara, Hiraizumi served as an important political, military, commercial, and cultural centre.[3][4] Several major temples associated with Pure Land Buddhism were founded and endowed, but the demise of their benefactors and a series of fires contributed to their subsequent decline. When Bashō visited in 1689 he was moved to write, in Oku no Hosomichi: summer grass... remains of soldiers' dreams.[5][6] A series of excavations from the mid-twentieth century onwards combined with references in Azuma Kagami, in particular the Bunji-no-chūmon petition of 1189, and the Shōwa sojō or "monks' appeal" of 1313 from the Chūson-ji archives, has contributed much to the understanding of the sites and the period.[7][8]

Component sites

[edit]
Name Type Comments Image Coords
Chūson-ji
中尊寺境内
Chūsonji keidai		 Temple Said to have been founded by Ennin in 850; rebuilt by Fujiwara no Kiyohira at the beginning of the twelfth century with a pagoda and the Daichōju-in, a Great Hall dedicated to Amida; fires in 1337 consumed many buildings and temple treasures; unusually, the mummified bodies of Fujiwara no Kiyohira and his heirs were interred at the Konjikidō, the Hall of Gold dedicated to Amida (pictured; National Treasure); the compound is a Special Historic Site[9][10][11] 39°00′07″N 141°06′00″E / 39.00186419°N 141.10007091°E / 39.00186419; 141.10007091 (Chūson-ji)
Mōtsū-ji
毛越寺境内
Mōtsūji keidai		 Temple Said to have been founded by Ennin in 850; rebuilt by Fujiwara no Motohira in the twelfth century; its destruction by fire in 1226 was lamented in Azuma Kagami as the loss of a monument 'incomparable in our time'; the twelfth-century paradise garden, with stone-paved stream, pond, pebble beach, peninsula, island, and ornamental stones is a Special Place of Scenic Beauty; the precinct and associated tutelary shrine is a Special Historic Site[12][13][14][15] 38°59′26″N 141°06′56″E / 38.99053116°N 141.11545706°E / 38.99053116; 141.11545706 (Mōtsū-ji)
Kanjizaiō-in Ato
観自在王院跡
Kanjizaiōin ato		 Temple Founded adjacent to Mōtsū-ji with two Amida Halls by the wife of Fujiwara no Motohira in the twelfth century; destroyed by fire in 1573; its twelfth-century paradise garden with stream, pond, pebble beach, island, and waterfall stone arrangement is a Place of Scenic Beauty[14][16][17][18] 38°59′17″N 141°06′37″E / 38.9881789°N 141.11037523°E / 38.9881789; 141.11037523 (Kanjizaiō-in Ato)
Muryōkō-in Ato
無量光院跡
Muryōkōin ato		 Temple Founded with a monumental statue of Amida by Fujiwara no Hidehira in the twelfth-century; modelled on Byōdō-in near Kyoto; twelfth-century paradise garden with pond, island and ornamental stones; a Special Historic Site[14][19][20][21] 38°59′35″N 141°06′57″E / 38.99293001°N 141.1158882°E / 38.99293001; 141.1158882 (Muryōkō-in Ato)
Mount Kinkeisan
金鶏山
Kinkeizan		 Mountain Summit used for sutra burials; remains of a Hall identified as belonging to Zaō Gongen; associated with the cult of Miroku; a historic site[22][23][24] 38°59′36″N 141°06′33″E / 38.99335037°N 141.10920153°E / 38.99335037; 141.10920153 (Mount Kinkeisan)

Original submission

[edit]

The original 2006 nomination of "Hiraizumi - Cultural Landscape Associated with Pure Land Buddhist Cosmology" included five further sites while omitting that of Kanjizaiō-in as a separate component.[25] Four were removed from the nomination after the failure to secure inscription in 2008; the component site of the Yanagi Palace was excluded from the 2011 inscription, although there are continuing efforts to secure its inclusion through future extension.[26][27]

Name Type Comments Image Coords
Yanagi-no-Gosho Site
柳之御所遺跡
Yanagi-no-gosho iseki		 Palace Ruins of the Yanagi (Willow) Palace of the Ōshū Fujiwara clan; a historic site[28][29][30][31] 39°00′25″N 141°05′58″E / 39.00694103°N 141.09936087°E / 39.00694103; 141.09936087 (Yanagi-no-Gosho Site)
Takkoku-no-Iwaya
達谷窟
Takkoku-no-iwaya		 Temple a historic site in the south-eastern part of Hiraizumi that includes a temple dedicated to Bishamonten, reputed to date back to Sakanoue no Tamuramaro[32] 38°58′08″N 141°03′29″E / 38.96901282°N 141.0581363°E / 38.96901282; 141.0581363 (Takkoku-no-Iwaya)
Shirotori-tate Site
白鳥舘遺跡
Shirotori-tate iseki		 Japanese castle ruins Located in Ōshū City north of Hiraizumi; in a strategic spot on the Kitakami River, it is generally believed that it was the site of numerous structures between the 10th and 16th centuries. Exactly what its status was during the reigns of the Abe clan (Fujiwara no Kiyohira's maternal ancestors) and the Ōshū Fujiwara clan is unclear, but as the site of several medieval castle-structures linked to them, it was one of the first to be submitted for consideration by the World Heritage Committee; Historic Site[28][33] 39°01′30″N 141°08′05″E / 39.025018°N 141.134834°E / 39.025018; 141.134834 (Shirotori-tate Site)
Chōjagahara Haiji Site
長者ヶ原廃寺跡
Chōjagahara Haiji iseki		 Temple Historic Site[28][34] 39°00′46″N 141°05′48″E / 39.012694°N 141.096611°E / 39.012694; 141.096611 (Chōjagahara Haiji Site)
Honedera-mura Shōen Site
骨寺村荘園遺跡
Honedera-mura shōen iseki		 Shōen Historic Site; the surrounding area is an Important Cultural Landscape[35][36] 38°58′54″N 140°57′06″E / 38.9817021°N 140.95177743°E / 38.9817021; 140.95177743 (Honedera-mura Shōen Site)
[edit]
  • temple interior with mural
    temple interior with mural
  • temple gates
    temple gates
  • temple screen
    temple screen

See also

[edit]
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References

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  1. ^ "Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land". UNESCO. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  2. ^ "Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land" (PDF). ICOMOS. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  3. ^ Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-39205-1.
  4. ^ Shiveley, Donald H.; McCullough, William H. (1999). Cambridge History of Japan II: Heian Japan. Cambridge University Press. p. 678. ISBN 0-521-22353-9.
  5. ^ Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. pp. 1–4. ISBN 0-674-39205-1.
  6. ^ Miner, Earl (1969). Japanese Poetic Diaries. University of California Press. pp. 176f.
  7. ^ Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. p. 26. ISBN 0-674-39205-1.
  8. ^ "Historical Study by the Historical Documents". Iwate Prefecture. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  9. ^ 中尊寺境内 [Chūsonji Precinct] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  10. ^ Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. pp. 67–76, 121–142. ISBN 0-674-39205-1.
  11. ^ Fukuyama, Toshio (1976). Heian Temples: Byodo-in and Chuson-ji. Weatherhill. ISBN 0-8348-1023-9.
  12. ^ 毛越寺境内附鎮守社跡 [Mōtsūji Precinct and Chinjusha] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  13. ^ 毛越寺庭園 [Mōtsūji Garden] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  14. ^ a b c "Archaeologically Excavated Japanese Gardens Database". Nara Research Institute for Cultural Properties. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  15. ^ Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. pp. 100–105. ISBN 0-674-39205-1.
  16. ^ 旧観自在王院庭園 [Former Kanjizaiōin Garden] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  17. ^ "Kanjizaioin Temple Site". Mōtsū-ji. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  18. ^ Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. pp. 106f. ISBN 0-674-39205-1.
  19. ^ 無量光院跡 [Muryōkōin Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  20. ^ "Muryokoin Temple Site". Mōtsū-ji. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  21. ^ Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. pp. 107–111. ISBN 0-674-39205-1.
  22. ^ 金鶏山 [Kinkeizan] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  23. ^ "Mt. Kinkei". Hiraizumi Tourism Association. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  24. ^ Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. p. 110. ISBN 0-674-39205-1.
  25. ^ 世界遺産の概要 [World Heritage Site: summary] (in Japanese). Iwate Prefecture. Archived from the original on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  26. ^ "Report on the 35th World Heritage Committee Session Decision Results for: "Hiraizumi- Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land"". Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  27. ^ Corkill, Edan (18 June 2011). "Temple hopes for UNESCO nod and big cheer for Iwate". The Japan Times. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  28. ^ a b c 柳之御所・平泉遺跡群 [Yanagi Gosho - Hiraizumi Sites] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  29. ^ "Yanagi no Gosho Site". Hiraizumi Tourism Association. Archived from the original on 19 December 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  30. ^ "Yanagi no Gosho Museum". Hiraizumi Tourism Association. Archived from the original on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  31. ^ Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. pp. 65, 99. ISBN 0-674-39205-1.
  32. ^ "達谷窟" [Takkoku-no-Iwaya]. Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  33. ^ 白鳥舘遺跡 [Shirotori-tate Site] (in Japanese). Iwate Prefecture. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  34. ^ 長者ヶ原廃寺跡 [Chōjagahara Haiji Site] (in Japanese). Iwate Prefecture. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  35. ^ 骨寺村荘園遺跡 [Honetera Village Shōen Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  36. ^ 一関本寺の農村景観 [Landscape of the Agricultural Village of Hondera, Ichinoseki] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 3 August 2012.

Further reading

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Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-39205-1.

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