Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore growth triangle

SIJORI (Singapore-Johor-Riau Islands) was established in 1994 between three countries, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, to strengthen economic links in the region and optimise the complementarity between the three countries. It started off as the SIJORI Growth Triangle in 1989, which includes Singapore, Johor (in Malaysia), and a part of Riau Islands Provices (in Indonesia), specifically the Riau Archipelago.

History

The SIJORI Growth Triangle is a partnership arrangement between Singapore, Johor (in Malaysia), and Riau Islands (in Indonesia) that combines the competitive strengths of the three areas to make the subregion more attractive to regional and international investors. More specifically, it links the infrastructure, capital, and expertise of Singapore with the natural and labour resources and the abundance of land of Johor and Riau.

The SIJORI Growth Triangle was first publicly announced in 1989 by Singapore Deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. The 'triangle of growth' was envisioned to be a key component of the Singapore regionalisation scheme of the 1980s and 1990s, relocating labour-intensive industries to neighbouring places such as the Malaysian state of Johor (known as the Iskandar Development Region) and the island of Batam in the nearby Indonesian province of Riau (at the time, before splitting off as a part of Riau Islands province in 2002).

As more Malaysian and Indonesian states joined the grouping, the IMS-GT was formed to formalise the new grouping. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed on 17 December 1994 by the representatives of the participating countries; Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Malaysia' s International Trade and Industry Minister Datuk Seri Rafidah Aziz and Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for Trade and Industry Hartono.

Even with the low wages on Batam, some companies find themselves struggling with rising costs. Nidec, a Japanese conglomerate, has moved its factory from Batam to Vietnam due to labour costs.

Definition

1. Singapore
   1. Singapore
2. Malaysia
   1. Johor Bahru District
   2. Kulai District
   3. Pontian District
   4. Kota Tinggi District
   5. Kluang District
3. Indonesia
   1. Batam City
   2. Tanjung Pinang City
   3. Bintan Regency
   4. Karimun Regency

Statistics

Batam is a tax free export zone rather than a free port, therefore much industry is limited to international exports. [[Batam]0 has also become an alternate air transport hub as Java's airports are congested. Some 62,000 Singaporeans visited Batam in January 2012, compared with stronger links to Johor, some 70,000 daily. Indonesia has a long way to make its Riau Islands competitive with Johor.

Administrative division	Area (km²)	Population	Density
JOHOR STATE, MALAYSIA
Johor Bahru District	1066	1,638,219	1540/km2
Kulai District	756	251,650	332/km2
SINGAPORE
Singapore	716	5,612,300	7796/km2
RIAU ISLANDS PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Batam City	1010.88	1,236,399	1223/km2
Tanjung Pinang City	144.6	204,735	1415.9/km2
Bintan Regency	1318.2	154,584	117/km2
Karimun Regency	912.75	227,277	249/km2
Entire Land Area	6,891	9,325,164	1353/km2

sources: (Budan Pusat Statistik 2010 Census Indonesia, Statistics Singapore, Statistics Malaysia)

• Malaysia 2010 Census for Districts.
• Statistics Indonesia Publikasi Provinsi dan Kabupaten Hasil Sementara SP2010
• April 2012 Civil Survey for Batam.

For GDP stats, Riau Islands Quarterly GDP output was Rp26.510.648,31 mln (Q1/14, US$2.3 billion or US$9 billion annual), Singapore's Quarterly GDP was 95,959.1 mln (Q1/14, $76.57 billion or US$310 billion annual) and Johor Bharu state was RM24,452 per capita (entire 2012, US$26 billion annual).

See also

• Brunei–Indonesia–Malaysia–Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA)
• Timor Leste–Indonesia–Australia Growth Triangle (TIA-GT)
• Indonesia–Malaysia–Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)
• ASEAN kecil, a proposed joint defence scheme for Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia
• Singapore Strait crossing
• List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia