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{{Short description|Comic book artist (1926–1958)}}
{{Infobox comics creator
{{Infobox comics creator
| image = Replace this image male.svg
| image = Joe Maneely.gif
| imagesize = 150
| caption = Joe Maneely
| caption =
| alt =
| alt =
| birthname = Joseph Maneely
| birth_name = Joseph Maneely
| birthplace = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| birth_place = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| deathplace = Manhattan
| death_place = [[Manhattan]], New York City, U.S.
| nationality = American
| cartoonist =
| cartoonist =
| write =
| write =
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| awards =
| awards =
| website =
| website =
| birth_date={{Birth date|1926|2|18}}
| nonUS =
| death_date={{Death date and age|1958|6|7|1926|2|18}}
| sortkey = Maneely, Joe
| subcat = American
| yob = 1926
| mob = 2
| dob = 18
| yod = 1958
| mod = 6
| dod = 7
}}
}}
'''Joseph "Joe" Maneely''' (born [[February 18|Feb. 18]], 1926, [[Pennsylvania]], [[United States]]; died June 7, 1958)<ref>Birth date per [http://ssdi.rootsweb.com/ Social Security Death Index], which lists only "June 1958" for death date. Full death date per [[Les Daniels|Daniels, Les]], ''Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics'' (Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1991), p. 70 (sidebar) ISBN 0-8109-3821-9</ref> is an American [[comic book]] [[artist]] best known for his work at [[Marvel Comics]]' 1950s predecessor, [[Atlas Comics (1950s)|Atlas Comics]], where he co-created the Marvel characters the [[Black Knight (Sir Percy)|Black Knight]], the [[Ringo Kid]], the [[Yellow Claw]], and [[Jimmy Woo]].
'''Joseph Maneely''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|n|iː|l|i}}; February 18, 1926 – June 7, 1958)<ref>{{cite book| author-link= Les Daniels | last = Daniels | first= Les | title = Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics | publisher = [[Harry N. Abrams]] | location = [[New York City|New York]] | year = 1991 | page= 70 (sidebar) | isbn = 0-8109-3821-9}}</ref> was an American [[comic book]] [[artist]] best known for his work at [[Marvel Comics]]' 1950s predecessor, [[Atlas Comics (1950s)|Atlas Comics]], where he co-created the Marvel characters the [[Black Knight (Sir Percy)|Black Knight]], the [[Ringo Kid]], the [[Yellow Claw (comics)|Yellow Claw]], and [[Jimmy Woo]].


An exquisite draftsman whose delicate yet solid, fine-line figures made his work both distinctive and well-suited to the medium, Maneely was one of the relative stars of Atlas, along with such soon-to-blossom talents as [[Steve Ditko]] and [[John Romita]]. Talented and well-respected, he died in a commuter-train accident shortly before Marvel's ascendancy into a commercial and pop-cultural conglomerate.
Maneely worked at Atlas with [[Steve Ditko]] and [[John Romita, Sr.]] Writer/editor [[Stan Lee]] commented that, "Joe Maneely to me would have been the next [[Jack Kirby]]. He also could draw anything, make anything look exciting, and I actually think he was even faster than Jack."<ref name="FieldShad">{{cite book |last=Field |first=Tom |title=Secrets in the Shadows: The Art & Life of Gene Colan |year=2005 |publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing |location=Raleigh, North Carolina |page= 64}}</ref> Talented and well-respected, he died in a commuter-train accident shortly before Marvel's ascendancy into a commercial and pop-cultural conglomerate.


==Biography==
==Biography==

===Early life and career===
===Early life and career===
[[Image:BlackKnight Atlas1.jpg|left|thumb|''Black Knight'' #1 (May 1955). Cover art by Maneely. "The Black Knight was [his] signature character and the graphic image most associated with him."<ref name=vassallo241>Vassallo, Michael J. "Joe Maneeley: Adventure Comics", in ''Marvel Masterworks: Atlas Era Black Knight/Yellow Claw'' (Marvel Publishing 2009) ISBN 978-0-7851-3515-9, p. 241 (unnumbered)</ref>]]
[[Image:BlackKnight Atlas1.jpg|left|thumb|''Black Knight'' #1 (May 1955). Cover art by Maneely. "The Black Knight was [his] signature character and the graphic image most associated with him."<ref name=vassallo241>Vassallo, Michael J. "Joe Maneeley: Adventure Comics", in ''Marvel Masterworks: Atlas Era Black Knight / Yellow Claw'' (Marvel Publishing 2009) {{ISBN|978-0-7851-3515-9}}, p. 241 (unnumbered)</ref>]]
Joe Maneely, born and raised in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], was one of at least five children born to a poor couple, Robert and Gertrude Maneely.<ref name=ae28p5>Vassallo, Michael J. "What If... Joe Maneely Had Lived and Drawn in the Marvel Age of Comics?" ''[[Alter Ego (magazine)|Alter Ego]]'' #28 (Sept. 2003), p. 5</ref> He attended Ascension BVM Elementary School and [[North Catholic High School]]; at the latter, he created a [[school mascot]], the Red Falcon, that also starred in a [[comic strip]] in the [[school newspaper]].<ref name=ae28p5 /> After dropping out in his sophomore year, he enlisted in the [[U.S. Navy]], serving three years as a specialist in visual aids and contributing cartoons to ship newspapers.<ref name=ae28p5 /> In 1947, after his discharge, Maneely married his childhood sweetheart, Elizabeth "Betty Jean" Kane<ref name=ae28p5 /> (died April 16, 2003).<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 3</ref><ref>Vassallo, ''Black Knight/Yellow Claw'', p. 236 (unnumbered)</ref>
Joe Maneely, born and raised in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], was one of at least five children born to a poor couple, Robert and Gertrude Maneely.<ref name=ae28p5>{{cite news| last= Vassallo | first=Michael J. | title= What If ... Joe Maneely Had Lived and Drawn in the Marvel Age of Comics? | work =[[Alter Ego (magazine)|Alter Ego]] | volume = 3 | issue =28 |date = September 2003| page= 5}}</ref> He attended Ascension BVM Elementary School and [[Northeast Catholic High School]]; at the latter, he created a [[school mascot]], the Red Falcon, that also starred in a [[comic strip]] in the [[school newspaper]].<ref name=ae28p5 /> After dropping out in his sophomore year, he enlisted in the [[U.S. Navy]], serving three years as a specialist in visual aids and contributing cartoons to ship newspapers.<ref name=ae28p5 />


Under the [[G.I. Bill]], Maneely trained at the [[Hussian School of Art]] in Philadelphia.<ref name=ae28p5 /> He entered the professional realm in the [[advertising]] art department of the ''[[Philadelphia Bulletin]]'' newspaper.<ref name=ae28p6>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 6</ref> He began his [[comic book]] career freelancing for [[Street & Smith Publications]] in 1948, drawing such features as "Butterfingers", "Django Jinks, Ghost Chaser", "Dr. Savant", "Mario Nette", "Nick Carter", "Public Defender", "Roger Kilgore", "Supersnipe", and "Ulysses Q. Wacky" in comics including ''[[The Shadow]]'', ''Top Secrets'', ''Ghost Breakers'' and ''Super Magician Comics''. His earliest known credits are that company's ''Top Secrets'' #4 (Aug. 1948), for which he [[penciler|penciled]] and [[inker|inked]] the eight-page [[crime fiction]] story "The Ragged Stranger"; and ''Red Dragon'' #4 (Aug. 1948), for which he drew the eight-page story "Death by the Sword" and the one-page featurette "Tao's Small Sword Box", both starring the hero Tao Anwar.<ref name=gcd>[http://www.comics.org/search.lasso?type=credit&query=Joe+Maneely&sort=chrono&Submit=Search Joe Maneely] at the [[Grand Comics Database]]</ref>
Under the [[G.I. Bill]], Maneely trained at the [[Hussian School of Art]] in Philadelphia.<ref name=ae28p5 /> He entered the professional realm in the [[advertising]] art department of the ''[[Philadelphia Bulletin]]'' newspaper.<ref name=ae28p6>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 6</ref> He began his [[comic book]] career freelancing for [[Street & Smith]] in 1948, drawing such features as "Butterfingers", "Django Jinks, Ghost Chaser", "Dr. Savant", "Mario Nette", "Nick Carter", "Public Defender", "Roger Kilgore", "Supersnipe", and "Ulysses Q. Wacky" in comics including ''[[The Shadow]]'', ''Top Secrets'', ''Ghost Breakers'' and ''Super Magician Comics''. His earliest known credits are that company's ''Top Secrets'' #4 (Aug. 1948), for which he [[penciler|penciled]] and [[inker|inked]] the eight-page [[crime fiction]] story "The Ragged Stranger"; and ''Red Dragon'' #4 (Aug. 1948), for which he drew the eight-page story "Death by the Sword" and the one-page featurette "Tao's Small Sword Box", both starring the hero Tao Anwar.<ref name=gcd>[http://www.comics.org/search.lasso?type=credit&query=Joe+Maneely&sort=chrono&Submit=Search Joe Maneely] at the [[Grand Comics Database]]</ref>


Other nascent work includes the seven-page story "Washington's Scout" in [[Hillman Periodicals]]' ''[[Airboy|Airboy Comics]]'' vol. 6, #10 (Nov. 1949), and a small amount of work on the [[Catholic]] comic-book ''[[Treasure Chest (comics)|Treasure Chest]]''.<ref name=ae28p6 />
Other nascent work includes the seven-page story "Washington's Scout" in [[Hillman Periodicals]]' ''[[Airboy|Airboy Comics]]'' vol. 6, #10 (Nov. 1949), and a small amount of work on the [[Catholic]] comic-book ''[[Treasure Chest (comics)|Treasure Chest]]''.<ref name=ae28p6 />


With artist Peggy Zangerle and Hussian classmate [[George Ward (artist)|George Ward]], an artist for periodicals including the ''Philadelphia Bulletin'' and the [[New York]] ''[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]'' and a 1950s assistant on [[Walt Kelly]]'s comic strip ''[[Pogo]]'', Maneely formed an art studio at Philadelphia's [[Flo-Mar Building]], at 3160 Kensington Avenue, Room 501.<ref name=ae28p6 /> His and Betty Jean's first child, daughter Kathleen, was born in 1950.<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 8</ref> They would have two more, daughters Mary Carole, born 1951,<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 13</ref> and Nancy, born 1956.<ref name=ae28p30>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 30</ref>
With artist Peggy Zangerle and Hussian classmate [[George Ward (artist)|George Ward]] — an artist for periodicals including the ''Philadelphia Bulletin'' and the [[New York City|New York]] ''[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]'' and a 1950s assistant on [[Walt Kelly]]'s comic strip ''[[Pogo (comic strip)|Pogo]]'' — Maneely formed an art studio at Philadelphia's [[Flo-Mar Building]], at 3160 Kensington Avenue, Room 501.<ref name=ae28p6 />
{{-}}
{{-}}


===Atlas Comics===
===Atlas Comics===
Maneely then found work at publisher [[Martin Goodman (publisher)|Martin Goodman]]'s [[Marvel Comics]] predecessor, [[Timely Comics]], as it was transitioning to its 1950s incarnation as [[Atlas Comics (1950s)|Atlas Comics]]. His first published story there was the eight-page [[Western fiction|Western]] story "The Kansas Massacre of 1864" in ''Western Outlaws And Sheriffs'' #60 (Dec. 1949).<ref name=ae28p6 /> However, historian Michael J. Vassallo, dating stories by Atlas' published job-numbers, suggests the first Atlas story to which Maneely contributed was the 18-page "The Mystery of the Valley of Giants" in ''[[Black Rider]]'' #8 (March 1950), drawn by many uncredited artists, including [[Syd Shores]]; Maneely's work appears on page three, with some additional minor inking on five other pages.<ref name=ae28p7>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 7</ref>
Maneely then found work at publisher [[Martin Goodman (publisher)|Martin Goodman]]'s [[Marvel Comics]] predecessor, [[Timely Comics]], as it was transitioning to its 1950s incarnation as [[Atlas Comics (1950s)|Atlas Comics]]. His first published story there was the eight-page [[Western comics|Western]] story "The Kansas Massacre of 1864" in ''Western Outlaws And Sheriffs'' #60 (Dec. 1949).<ref name=ae28p6 /> However, historian Michael J. Vassallo, dating stories by Atlas' published job-numbers, suggests the first Atlas story to which Maneely contributed was the later-published "The Mystery of the Valley of Giants" in ''[[Black Rider (comics)|Black Rider]]'' #8 (March 1950), an 18-page story drawn by many uncredited artists, including [[Syd Shores]]; Maneely's work appears on page three, with some additional minor inking on five other pages.<ref name=ae28p7>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 7</ref>


Maneely soon hit his stride at Atlas, for which he freelanced before going on staff "in about 1955".<ref>Interview with fellow Atlas staff artist [[Stan Goldberg]], ''[[Alter Ego (magazine)|Alter Ego]]'' #18 (Oct. 2002) p. 11</ref> Until 1953, when Maneely and his family moved to the [[Flushing, New York|Flushing]] neighborhood in the [[New York City]] borough of [[Queens]],<ref name=ae28p19>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 19</ref> he traveled from Philadelphia to New York three times weekly to pick up scripts.<ref name=ae28p7/> In either 1954 or 1955, the family movie to suburban [[New Shrewsbury, New Jersey]].<ref name=ae28p19 />
Maneely soon hit his stride at Atlas, for which he freelanced before going on staff "in about 1955."<ref>Interview with fellow Atlas staff artist [[Stan Goldberg]], ''[[Alter Ego (magazine)|Alter Ego]]'' #18 (Oct. 2002) p. 11</ref> Until 1953, when Maneely and his family moved to the [[Flushing, New York|Flushing]] neighborhood in the [[New York City]] borough of [[Queens]],<ref name=ae28p19>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 19</ref> he traveled from Philadelphia to New York three times weekly to pick up scripts.<ref name=ae28p7/> In either 1954 or 1955, the family moved to suburban [[New Shrewsbury, New Jersey]] (later renamed Tinton Falls).<ref name=ae28p19 /><ref>Fingeroth, Danny; and Thomas, Roy. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VKiECBPgS68C&pg=PA8 ''The Stan Lee Universe''], p. 8. [[TwoMorrows Publishing]], 2011. {{ISBN|9781605490298}}. Accessed October 12, 2015. ""Joe is the quieter of the two partners. ... He is the product of both the ''Philadelphia Bulletin'' and the ''Philadelphia Daily News'' art departments and now freelances out of New Shrewsbury, N. J., where he, his wife and three daughters live."</ref>


With speed to match his style,<ref>Goldberg, ''Alter Ego'' #18. p. 10: "He was the fastest artist I ever saw. I was always fascinated by how he did covers. He'd start out penciling stick figures and outline them with a pen and then fill in the blacks [i.e., the shaded areas]. You'd look at your watch, and 45 minutes later he was done".</ref> he became a favorite of editor-in-chief [[Stan Lee]],<ref>Goldberg, ''Alter Ego'' #18. p. 10: "Joe was always Stan's favorite artist. No question about it. Even over [[Jack Kirby|<nowiki>[</nowiki>Jack<nowiki>]</nowiki> Kirby]] and the others".</ref> who assigned Maneely covers and stories throughout virtually the entire range of Atlas comics. With superheroes experiencing a lull in popularity, Maneely drew Westerns, [[war comics|war]], [[horror (genre)|horror]], [[humor]], [[Romance comics|romance]], [[science fiction]], [[spy fiction|spy]], [[crime fiction|crime]], and even period-adventure stories — that last most notably with the [[medieval]] series ''[[Black Knight (Sir Percy)|Black Knight]]'', co-created by Maneely and writer and editor-in-chief Lee,<ref name=vassallo241 /> and first reprinted in 1960s Marvel Comics at the behest of editor [[Roy Thomas]], who as a teen had "devoured the ''Black Knight'' comic, and became an immediate fan."<ref name=royintro>Thomas, Roy. "Introduction", ''Black Knight/Yellow Claw''</ref>
With speed to match his style,<ref name="FieldShad"/><ref>Goldberg, ''Alter Ego'' #18. p. 10: "He was the fastest artist I ever saw. I was always fascinated by how he did covers. He'd start out penciling stick figures and outline them with a pen and then fill in the blacks [i.e., the shaded areas]. You'd look at your watch, and 45 minutes later he was done".</ref> he became a favorite of editor-in-chief [[Stan Lee]],<ref>Goldberg, ''Alter Ego'' #18. p. 10: "Joe was always Stan's favorite artist. No question about it. Even over [[Jack Kirby|[Jack] Kirby]] and the others".</ref> who assigned Maneely covers and stories throughout virtually the entire range of Atlas comics. With superheroes experiencing a lull in popularity, Maneely drew Westerns, [[war comics|war]], [[horror (genre)|horror]], [[humor]], [[Romance comics|romance]], [[science fiction]], [[spy fiction|spy]], [[crime fiction|crime]], and even period-adventure stories — that last most notably with the [[medieval]] series ''[[Black Knight (Sir Percy)|Black Knight]]'', co-created by Maneely and writer and editor-in-chief Lee,<ref name=vassallo241 /> and first reprinted in 1960s Marvel Comics at the behest of editor [[Roy Thomas]], who as a teen had "devoured the ''Black Knight'' comic, and became an immediate fan."<ref name=royintro>Thomas, Roy. "Introduction", ''Black Knight / Yellow Claw''</ref>
[[Image:Yellowclaw1.jpg|thumb|left|''Yellow Claw'' #1 (Oct. 1956). Cover art by Maneely]]
[[Image:Yellowclaw1.jpg|thumb|left|''Yellow Claw'' #1 (Oct. 1956). Cover art by Maneely]][[Herb Trimpe]], a Marvel artist of that time, said in 2001, "The ''Black Knight'' stuff is great! [Fellow artist] [[Marie Severin|Marie <nowiki>[</nowiki>Severin<nowiki>]</nowiki>]] said his pencils were almost nonexistent; they were like rough, lightly done layouts with no features on the faces ... It was just like ovals and sticks and stuff, and he inked from that. He drew when he inked. That's when he did the work, in the inking!"<ref>Herb Trimpe interview in ''[[Comic Book Artist]]'' #13 (May 2001), p. 62</ref> Columnist and historian [[Fred Hembeck]] said, "While we may've heard of the pivotal day a young [[John Romita Sr.|<nowiki>[</nowiki>John<nowiki>]</nowiki> Romita]] spent with the tragically doomed yet immensely talented artist Joe Maneely, listening to him describe it as one of the most important days of his entire life gives the familiar tale an added gravity".<ref>[http://www.hembeck.com/FredSez/FredSezMay2003.htm Hembeck.com: Fred Sez (column, May 2003)]</ref>
Marvel artist [[Herb Trimpe]] said fellow artist [[Marie Severin]], who had worked with Maneely at Atlas, had described "his pencils [as] almost nonexistent; they were like rough, lightly done layouts with no features on the faces ... It was just like ovals and sticks and stuff, and he inked from that. He drew when he inked. That's when he did the work, in the inking!"<ref>{{cite news | author=Herb Trimpe interview | work= [[Comic Book Artist]] | issue= 13 | date = May 2001| page=62}}</ref> Stan Lee confirmed that "Joe almost inked without penciling."<ref name="FieldShad"/> Columnist and historian [[Fred Hembeck]] said, "While we may've heard of the pivotal day a young [[John Romita Sr.|<nowiki>[</nowiki>John<nowiki>]</nowiki> Romita]] spent with the tragically doomed yet immensely talented artist Joe Maneely, listening to him describe it as one of the most important days of his entire life gives the familiar tale an added gravity."<ref>[http://www.hembeck.com/FredSez/FredSezMay2003.htm "Fred Sez"] (column), Hembeck.com, May 12, 2003 (requires scrolling). [https://web.archive.org/web/20101126210552/http://www.hembeck.com/FredSez/FredSezMay2003.htm WebCitation archive].</ref>


Other Atlas work reprinted widely by Marvel in the 1960s and 1970s include ''[[Yellow Claw]]'' #1 (Oct. 1956) — starring a [[Fu Manchu]]-inspired villain and the Asian FBI agent pursuing him, created by Maneely and writer [[Al Feldstein]]<ref name=royintro /> — and the [[Old West]] ''[[Ringo Kid]]'' #1-21 (Aug. 1954 - Sept. 1957), co-created with an unknown writer.<ref>[http://www.comics.org/issue/11513/ ''Ringo Kid Western'' #1] (series cover-titled ''Ringo Kid'' #2-on) at the Grand Comics Database</ref>
Other Atlas work reprinted widely by Marvel in the 1960s and 1970s include ''[[Yellow Claw (comics)|Yellow Claw]]'' #1 (Oct. 1956) — starring a [[Fu Manchu]]-inspired villain and the Asian FBI agent pursuing him, created by Maneely and writer [[Al Feldstein]]<ref name=royintro /> — and the [[Old West]] ''[[Ringo Kid]]'' #1-21 (Aug. 1954 - Sept. 1957), co-created with an unknown writer.<ref>[http://www.comics.org/issue/11513/ ''Ringo Kid Western'' #1] (series cover-titled ''Ringo Kid'' #2-on) at the Grand Comics Database</ref>


The covers of ''[[Namor, the Sub-Mariner|Sub-Mariner Comics]]'' #37, 39 and 41 (Dec. 1954, April and Aug. 1955) were Maneely's only superhero work for Atlas, during the company's short-lived mid-1950s attempt to revive superheroes.
The covers of ''[[Namor, the Sub-Mariner|Sub-Mariner Comics]]'' #37, 39 and 41 (December 1954, April and August 1955) were Maneely's only superhero work for Atlas, during the company's short-lived mid-1950s attempt to revive superheroes.


Maneely's talent, range and prolificity impressed fellow Atlas artists. [[Stan Goldberg]] in 2002 recalled "the all-time great Joe Maneely, [...] who I thought was the best artist that ever drew comics. [...] Joe wasn't just a great craftsman; he worked so fast and he was one of the few artists who could go from drawing the Black Knight to drawing [[Petey the Pest]], or a war story. He had an unbelievable knack and he was just one sweet, nice guy".<ref name=goldberg>[http://www.adelaidecomicsandbooks.com/goldberg.html Stan Goldberg interview], Adelaide Comics and Books (2005). [http://web.archive.org/web/19960101-re_/http://www.adelaidecomicsandbooks.com/goldberg.htm Web.Archive.org link]</ref> Goldberg recalled in 2005, "He worked so fast, we used to call him 'Joe Money'".<ref>Goldberg, ''Alter Ego'', p. 10</ref> Maneely's distinctive style, wrote historian Vassallo, was, "Crisp, uniquely inked, busy, and action oriented. Not necessarily pretty, but ''vivid''. It was a style unique to comics and difficult to imitate".<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 16</ref> By 1955, "Maneely's inking had stylized itself to a precision 'etching' effect, and he would enter a fruitful year that would see him turn out his most diverse and prolific work".<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 22</ref>
Maneely's talent, range and prolificity impressed fellow Atlas artists. [[Stan Goldberg]] in 2002 recalled "the all-time great Joe Maneely, ... who I thought was the best artist that ever drew comics. ... Joe wasn't just a great craftsman; he worked so fast and he was one of the few artists who could go from drawing the Black Knight to drawing [[Petey the Pest]], or a war story. He had an unbelievable knack and he was just one sweet, nice guy."<ref name=goldberg>[http://www.adelaidecomicsandbooks.com/goldberg.html Stan Goldberg interview], Adelaide Comics and Books (2005). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216000126/http://www.adelaidecomicsandbooks.com/goldberg.html |date=February 16, 2011 }}</ref> Goldberg recalled in 2005, "He worked so fast, we used to call him 'Joe Money'."<ref>Goldberg, ''Alter Ego'', p. 10</ref>


Maneely's distinctive style, wrote historian Vassallo, was, "Crisp, uniquely inked, busy, and action oriented. Not necessarily pretty, but ''vivid''. It was a style unique to comics and difficult to imitate."<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 16</ref> By 1955, "Maneely's inking had stylized itself to a precision 'etching' effect, and he would enter a fruitful year that would see him turn out his most diverse and prolific work."<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 22</ref>
⚫
By the summer of 1957, Atlas was experiencing difficulties and began shedding freelancers. Shortly afterward, [[Martin Goodman (publisher)|Martin Goodman]] stopped distributing his own titles and switched to [[American News Company]], which soon closed, temporarily leaving Atlas without a distributor and resulting in all staff other than Lee being fired.<ref name="Ronin">Ro, Ronin. ''Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee and the American Comic Book Revolution'' (Bloomsbury, 2004)</ref> Maneely continued to work with Lee on the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''-[[print syndication|syndicated]] [[comic strip]] ''Mrs. Lyons' Cubs'', which debuted in newspapers February 10, 1958.<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', pp. 34-35</ref> He also "bought a new home in [[New Jersey|<nowiki>[</nowiki>New<nowiki>]</nowiki> Jersey]] for his young wife and small daughters" and did a limited amount of freelancing for [[DC Comics]] (''[[Gang Busters]]'' #62, ''[[House of Mystery]]'' #71-73, ''[[House of Secrets]]'' #9, ''[[Tales of the Unexpected (comics)|Tales of the Unexpected]]'' #22, cover-dated from February to April 1958); [[Charlton Comics]] (''Cowboy Western'' #67, ''[[Wyatt Earp]], Frontier Marshal'' #20, both March 1958); and [[Crestwood Publications]].<ref name="Ronin"/>


⚫
By the summer of 1957, Atlas was experiencing difficulties and began shedding freelancers. Shortly afterward, [[Martin Goodman (publisher)|Martin Goodman]] stopped distributing his own titles and switched to [[American News Company]], which soon closed, temporarily leaving Atlas without a distributor and resulting in all staff, other than Lee, being fired.<ref name="Ronin">Ro, Ronin. ''Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee and the American Comic Book Revolution'' (Bloomsbury, 2004)</ref> Maneely continued to work with Lee on the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''-[[print syndication|syndicated]] [[comic strip]] ''Mrs. Lyons' Cubs'', which debuted in newspapers February 10, 1958.<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', pp. 34-35</ref> He also did a limited amount of freelancing for [[DC Comics]] during this time, including for the supernatural / fantasy anthologies ''[[House of Secrets (DC Comics)|House of Secrets]]'' and ''[[Tales of the Unexpected (comics)|Tales of the Unexpected]]''; [[Charlton Comics]]; and [[Crestwood Publications]].<ref name=gcd />
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Maneely also drew a four-page comic about [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] for the [[U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare]], "John's First Job" (1956),<ref>[http://www.ssa.gov/history/comic1.html Social Security History: "John's First Job"]. [http://www.webcitation.org/5nfcjksnF WebCitation archive].</ref> and another for the same agency, "A Farm and a Family".<ref name=ae28p30 />

⚫
Maneely, additionally, drew a four-page comic about [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] for the [[U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare]], "John's First Job" (1956),<ref>[http://www.ssa.gov/history/comic1.html Social Security History: "John's First Job"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090921093541/http://www.ssa.gov/history/comic1.html WebCitation archive].</ref> and another for the same agency, "A Farm and a Family."<ref name=ae28p30 />


===Death===
===Death===
On the night of his death, "past midnight of what was early Sunday morning," June 7, 1958, Maneely had dined hours earlier with fellow laid-off Atlas colleagues, including [[George Ward]] and [[John Severin]], in Manhattan.<ref>Vassallo, ''Black Knight/Yellow Claw'', p. 244 (unnumbered)</ref> He did not have his glasses with him, and was killed when he accidentally fell between the cars of a moving commuter train on his way home to New Jersey.<ref name=les>[[Les Daniels|Daniels, Les]], ''Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics'' (Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1991), p. 70 (sidebar) ISBN 0-8109-3821-9</ref>
On the night of his death, "past midnight of what was early Sunday morning," June 7, 1958, Maneely had dined hours earlier with fellow laid-off Atlas colleagues, including [[George Ward (artist)|George Ward]] and [[John Severin]], in Manhattan.<ref>Vassallo, ''Black Knight / Yellow Claw'', p. 244 (unnumbered)</ref> He did not have his glasses with him, and was killed when he accidentally fell between the cars of a moving commuter train on his way home to New Jersey.<ref name=les>Daniels, Les, p. 70 (sidebar)</ref>


Fellow Atlas artist [[Stan Goldberg]] recalled that on the night of Maneely's death,
Fellow Atlas artist [[Stan Goldberg]] recalled that on the night of Maneely's death,
⚫
{{blockquote|...Joe [told] me that he'd been in the city the week before and had lost his glasses. He didn't even know how he'd gotten home that day. So this day came and he went out drinking and went out to get some air between the trains, and he fell off the train. When they found him, he was still clutching his portfolio. I remember [production staffer] Danny Crespi calling me on Saturday morning to break the news. [...] The family had a rough time after he died. The Maneelys had daughters and a lot of bills. They had just bought a big house, too, and didn't have any money put away.<ref>Goldberg, ''Alter Ego'', pp. 10-11</ref>}}


⚫
{{quote|... Joe [told] me that he'd been in the city the week before and had lost his glasses. He didn't even know how he'd gotten home that day. So this day came and he went out drinking and went out to get some air between the trains, and he fell off the train. When they found him, he was still clutching his portfolio. I remember [production staffer] Danny Crespi calling me on Saturday morning to break the news. ... The family had a rough time after he died. The Maneelys had daughters and a lot of bills. They had just bought a big house, too, and didn't have any money put away.<ref>Goldberg, ''Alter Ego'', pp. 10-11</ref>}}
⚫
His last original published story was the five-page [[Ringo Kid]] tale "One Bullet Left" in ''Gunsmoke Western'' #53 (July 1959), and his final comics work was the cover of ''Gunsmoke Western'' #55 (Nov. 1959), featuring [[Kid Colt]] and [[Wyatt Earp]]. Marvel editor-in-chief [[Stan Lee]] opined in the early 2000s that had Maneely lived, "he would have been another [[Jack Kirby]]. He would have been the best you could imagine".<ref name="Ronin"/>

His last original published story was the five-page [[Ringo Kid]] tale, "One Bullet Left," in ''Gunsmoke Western'' #53 (July 1959), and his final published comics work was the cover of ''Gunsmoke Western'' #55 (November 1959), featuring [[Kid Colt]] and [[Wyatt Earp]]. Historian Ger Apeldoorn believes Maneely's last drawn work was published earlier: the first page of the eight-page story "The Revenge of Roaring Bear" in ''[[Two-Gun Kid]]'' #45 (Dec. 1958), which was completed by a different artist ([[Jack Davis (cartoonist)|Jack Davis]]), and bears the highest published job number (T-67) of Maneely's work.<ref>[http://www.comics.org/issue/14785/ ''Two-Gun Kid'' #45] at the Grand Comics Database. Note: Series filed there under hyphen-less indicia title rather than hyphenated cover title.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Apeldoorn | first= Ger | publisher = The Fabuleous Fifties | title = The Day Joe Died | url = http://allthingsger.blogspot.nl/2013/09/the-day-joe-died.html | date= September 29, 2013 | access-date= 2013-12-30}}</ref>

⚫
Marvel editor-in-chief [[Stan Lee]] opined in the early 2000s that had Maneely lived, "he would have been another [[Jack Kirby]]. He would have been the best you could imagine."<ref name="Ronin"/>

==Personal life==
In 1947, following his discharge from the [[U.S. Navy]], Maneely married his childhood sweetheart, Elizabeth "Betty Jean" Kane<ref name=ae28p5 /> (died April 16, 2003).<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 3</ref><ref>Vassallo, ''Black Knight / Yellow Claw'', p. 236 (unnumbered)</ref> Their first child, daughter Kathleen, was born in 1950.<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 8</ref> They would have two more, daughters Mary Carole, born 1951,<ref>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 13</ref> and Nancy, born 1956.<ref name=ae28p30>Vassallo, ''Alter Ego'', p. 30</ref>
<!--Bibliography will be formatted according to policy following results of ongoing discussion at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Comics#Bibliographies
<!--Bibliography will be formatted according to policy following results of ongoing discussion at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Comics#Bibliographies


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::''[[Fantasy Masterpieces]]'' #11 (Oct. 1967): "The Menace of Modred the Evil" (''Black Knight'' #1, May 1955)
::''[[Fantasy Masterpieces]]'' #11 (Oct. 1967): "The Menace of Modred the Evil" (''Black Knight'' #1, May 1955)
::''[[Marvel Super-Heroes (comics)|Marvel Super-Heroes]]'' #12 (Dec. 1967): "The Abduction of King Arthur" (''Black Knight'' #1)
::''[[Marvel Super-Heroes (comics)|Marvel Super-Heroes]]'' #12 (Dec. 1967): "The Abduction of King Arthur" (''Black Knight'' #1)
::''Marvel Super-Heroes'' #13 (March 1968) '''and''' ''The Golden Age of Marvel Comics'' (1997) ISBN 0-7851-0564-6: Untitled; first
::''Marvel Super-Heroes'' #13 (March 1968) '''and''' ''The Golden Age of Marvel Comics'' (1997) {{ISBN|0-7851-0564-6}}: Untitled; first
:::line "From out of the north..." (''Black Knight'' #2, July 1955)
:::line "From out of the north..." (''Black Knight'' #2, July 1955)
::''Marvel Super-Heroes'' #14 (May 1968): "Tournament of Doom" (''Black Knight'' #2)
::''Marvel Super-Heroes'' #14 (May 1968): "Tournament of Doom" (''Black Knight'' #2)
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:::Clay Harder story with costume redrawn as Matt Clay's
:::Clay Harder story with costume redrawn as Matt Clay's


'''[[Yellow Claw]]'''
'''[[Yellow Claw (comics)|Yellow Claw]]'''
::''[[Shang Chi|Giant-Size Master of Kung Fu]]'' #1 (Sept. 1974): "The Coming of the Yellow Claw" (''Yellow Claw'' #1, Oct. 1956)
::''[[Shang Chi|Giant-Size Master of Kung Fu]]'' #1 (Sept. 1974): "The Coming of the Yellow Claw" (''Yellow Claw'' #1, Oct. 1956)
::''Giant-Size Master of Kung Fu'' #2 (Dec. 1974): "The Yellow Claw Strikes" '''and''' "Trap For Jimmy Woo" (both ''Yellow Claw'' #1)
::''Giant-Size Master of Kung Fu'' #2 (Dec. 1974): "The Yellow Claw Strikes" '''and''' "Trap For Jimmy Woo" (both ''Yellow Claw'' #1)
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::''Kid Colt, Outlaw'' #160 (July 1972): "35 Notches" (reprinted from n.a.) -->
::''Kid Colt, Outlaw'' #160 (July 1972): "35 Notches" (reprinted from n.a.) -->


== Footnotes ==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


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*[http://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/maneely_joe.htm Joe Maneely] at the [[Lambiek Comiclopedia]]
*[http://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/maneely_joe.htm Joe Maneely] at the [[Lambiek Comiclopedia]]
*[http://atlastales.com/cr/2/n:2:z:a:o:4:d:ASC:p:1 Joe Maneely] at AtlasTales.com
*[http://atlastales.com/cr/2/n:2:z:a:o:4:d:ASC:p:1 Joe Maneely] at AtlasTales.com
*[http://www.samcci.comics.org/_artists/maneely.htm Joe Maneely] at the Silver Age Marvel Comics Cover Index
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050218052127/http://www.samcci.comics.org/_artists/maneely.htm Joe Maneely] at the Silver Age Marvel Comics Cover Index
*Vassallo, Michael J. [http://www.comicartville.com/vassallomaneely.htm "What If? Joe Maneely: Marvel's Forgotten Star"], Comicartville Library, n.d. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110621231625/http://www.comicartville.com/vassallomaneely.htm WebCitation archive].

{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Maneely, Joe
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =February 18, 1926
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| DATE OF DEATH =June 7, 1958
| PLACE OF DEATH =Manhattan
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maneely, Joe}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maneely, Joe}}
⚫
[[Category:American comics artists]]
⚫
[[Category:People from Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:1958 deaths]]
[[Category:1958 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:American comics artists]]
[[Category:Atlas Comics]]
[[Category:Artists from Philadelphia]]
⚫
[[Category:People from Tinton Falls, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Railway accident deaths in the United States]]
[[Category:Marvel Comics people]]
[[Category: United States Navy sailors]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in New York (state)]]

Latest revision as of 20:32, 19 July 2024

Joe Maneely
Joe Maneely
BornJoseph Maneely
(1926-02-18)February 18, 1926
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedJune 7, 1958(1958-06-07) (aged 32)
Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Area(s)Artist

Joseph Maneely (/məˈniːli/; February 18, 1926 – June 7, 1958)[1] was an American comic book artist best known for his work at Marvel Comics' 1950s predecessor, Atlas Comics, where he co-created the Marvel characters the Black Knight, the Ringo Kid, the Yellow Claw, and Jimmy Woo.

Maneely worked at Atlas with Steve Ditko and John Romita, Sr. Writer/editor Stan Lee commented that, "Joe Maneely to me would have been the next Jack Kirby. He also could draw anything, make anything look exciting, and I actually think he was even faster than Jack."[2] Talented and well-respected, he died in a commuter-train accident shortly before Marvel's ascendancy into a commercial and pop-cultural conglomerate.

Biography

[edit]

Early life and career

[edit]
Black Knight #1 (May 1955). Cover art by Maneely. "The Black Knight was [his] signature character and the graphic image most associated with him."[3]

Joe Maneely, born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was one of at least five children born to a poor couple, Robert and Gertrude Maneely.[4] He attended Ascension BVM Elementary School and Northeast Catholic High School; at the latter, he created a school mascot, the Red Falcon, that also starred in a comic strip in the school newspaper.[4] After dropping out in his sophomore year, he enlisted in the U.S. Navy, serving three years as a specialist in visual aids and contributing cartoons to ship newspapers.[4]

Under the G.I. Bill, Maneely trained at the Hussian School of Art in Philadelphia.[4] He entered the professional realm in the advertising art department of the Philadelphia Bulletin newspaper.[5] He began his comic book career freelancing for Street & Smith in 1948, drawing such features as "Butterfingers", "Django Jinks, Ghost Chaser", "Dr. Savant", "Mario Nette", "Nick Carter", "Public Defender", "Roger Kilgore", "Supersnipe", and "Ulysses Q. Wacky" in comics including The Shadow, Top Secrets, Ghost Breakers and Super Magician Comics. His earliest known credits are that company's Top Secrets #4 (Aug. 1948), for which he penciled and inked the eight-page crime fiction story "The Ragged Stranger"; and Red Dragon #4 (Aug. 1948), for which he drew the eight-page story "Death by the Sword" and the one-page featurette "Tao's Small Sword Box", both starring the hero Tao Anwar.[6]

Other nascent work includes the seven-page story "Washington's Scout" in Hillman Periodicals' Airboy Comics vol. 6, #10 (Nov. 1949), and a small amount of work on the Catholic comic-book Treasure Chest.[5]

With artist Peggy Zangerle and Hussian classmate George Ward — an artist for periodicals including the Philadelphia Bulletin and the New York Daily News and a 1950s assistant on Walt Kelly's comic strip Pogo — Maneely formed an art studio at Philadelphia's Flo-Mar Building, at 3160 Kensington Avenue, Room 501.[5]

Atlas Comics

[edit]

Maneely then found work at publisher Martin Goodman's Marvel Comics predecessor, Timely Comics, as it was transitioning to its 1950s incarnation as Atlas Comics. His first published story there was the eight-page Western story "The Kansas Massacre of 1864" in Western Outlaws And Sheriffs #60 (Dec. 1949).[5] However, historian Michael J. Vassallo, dating stories by Atlas' published job-numbers, suggests the first Atlas story to which Maneely contributed was the later-published "The Mystery of the Valley of Giants" in Black Rider #8 (March 1950), an 18-page story drawn by many uncredited artists, including Syd Shores; Maneely's work appears on page three, with some additional minor inking on five other pages.[7]

Maneely soon hit his stride at Atlas, for which he freelanced before going on staff "in about 1955."[8] Until 1953, when Maneely and his family moved to the Flushing neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens,[9] he traveled from Philadelphia to New York three times weekly to pick up scripts.[7] In either 1954 or 1955, the family moved to suburban New Shrewsbury, New Jersey (later renamed Tinton Falls).[9][10]

With speed to match his style,[2][11] he became a favorite of editor-in-chief Stan Lee,[12] who assigned Maneely covers and stories throughout virtually the entire range of Atlas comics. With superheroes experiencing a lull in popularity, Maneely drew Westerns, war, horror, humor, romance, science fiction, spy, crime, and even period-adventure stories — that last most notably with the medieval series Black Knight, co-created by Maneely and writer and editor-in-chief Lee,[3] and first reprinted in 1960s Marvel Comics at the behest of editor Roy Thomas, who as a teen had "devoured the Black Knight comic, and became an immediate fan."[13]

Yellow Claw #1 (Oct. 1956). Cover art by Maneely

Marvel artist Herb Trimpe said fellow artist Marie Severin, who had worked with Maneely at Atlas, had described "his pencils [as] almost nonexistent; they were like rough, lightly done layouts with no features on the faces ... It was just like ovals and sticks and stuff, and he inked from that. He drew when he inked. That's when he did the work, in the inking!"[14] Stan Lee confirmed that "Joe almost inked without penciling."[2] Columnist and historian Fred Hembeck said, "While we may've heard of the pivotal day a young [John] Romita spent with the tragically doomed yet immensely talented artist Joe Maneely, listening to him describe it as one of the most important days of his entire life gives the familiar tale an added gravity."[15]

Other Atlas work reprinted widely by Marvel in the 1960s and 1970s include Yellow Claw #1 (Oct. 1956) — starring a Fu Manchu-inspired villain and the Asian FBI agent pursuing him, created by Maneely and writer Al Feldstein[13] — and the Old West Ringo Kid #1-21 (Aug. 1954 - Sept. 1957), co-created with an unknown writer.[16]

The covers of Sub-Mariner Comics #37, 39 and 41 (December 1954, April and August 1955) were Maneely's only superhero work for Atlas, during the company's short-lived mid-1950s attempt to revive superheroes.

Maneely's talent, range and prolificity impressed fellow Atlas artists. Stan Goldberg in 2002 recalled "the all-time great Joe Maneely, ... who I thought was the best artist that ever drew comics. ... Joe wasn't just a great craftsman; he worked so fast and he was one of the few artists who could go from drawing the Black Knight to drawing Petey the Pest, or a war story. He had an unbelievable knack and he was just one sweet, nice guy."[17] Goldberg recalled in 2005, "He worked so fast, we used to call him 'Joe Money'."[18]

Maneely's distinctive style, wrote historian Vassallo, was, "Crisp, uniquely inked, busy, and action oriented. Not necessarily pretty, but vivid. It was a style unique to comics and difficult to imitate."[19] By 1955, "Maneely's inking had stylized itself to a precision 'etching' effect, and he would enter a fruitful year that would see him turn out his most diverse and prolific work."[20]

By the summer of 1957, Atlas was experiencing difficulties and began shedding freelancers. Shortly afterward, Martin Goodman stopped distributing his own titles and switched to American News Company, which soon closed, temporarily leaving Atlas without a distributor and resulting in all staff, other than Lee, being fired.[21] Maneely continued to work with Lee on the Chicago Sun-Times-syndicated comic strip Mrs. Lyons' Cubs, which debuted in newspapers February 10, 1958.[22] He also did a limited amount of freelancing for DC Comics during this time, including for the supernatural / fantasy anthologies House of Secrets and Tales of the Unexpected; Charlton Comics; and Crestwood Publications.[6]

Maneely, additionally, drew a four-page comic about Social Security for the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, "John's First Job" (1956),[23] and another for the same agency, "A Farm and a Family."[24]

Death

[edit]

On the night of his death, "past midnight of what was early Sunday morning," June 7, 1958, Maneely had dined hours earlier with fellow laid-off Atlas colleagues, including George Ward and John Severin, in Manhattan.[25] He did not have his glasses with him, and was killed when he accidentally fell between the cars of a moving commuter train on his way home to New Jersey.[26]

Fellow Atlas artist Stan Goldberg recalled that on the night of Maneely's death,

... Joe [told] me that he'd been in the city the week before and had lost his glasses. He didn't even know how he'd gotten home that day. So this day came and he went out drinking and went out to get some air between the trains, and he fell off the train. When they found him, he was still clutching his portfolio. I remember [production staffer] Danny Crespi calling me on Saturday morning to break the news. ... The family had a rough time after he died. The Maneelys had daughters and a lot of bills. They had just bought a big house, too, and didn't have any money put away.[27]

His last original published story was the five-page Ringo Kid tale, "One Bullet Left," in Gunsmoke Western #53 (July 1959), and his final published comics work was the cover of Gunsmoke Western #55 (November 1959), featuring Kid Colt and Wyatt Earp. Historian Ger Apeldoorn believes Maneely's last drawn work was published earlier: the first page of the eight-page story "The Revenge of Roaring Bear" in Two-Gun Kid #45 (Dec. 1958), which was completed by a different artist (Jack Davis), and bears the highest published job number (T-67) of Maneely's work.[28][29]

Marvel editor-in-chief Stan Lee opined in the early 2000s that had Maneely lived, "he would have been another Jack Kirby. He would have been the best you could imagine."[21]

Personal life

[edit]

In 1947, following his discharge from the U.S. Navy, Maneely married his childhood sweetheart, Elizabeth "Betty Jean" Kane[4] (died April 16, 2003).[30][31] Their first child, daughter Kathleen, was born in 1950.[32] They would have two more, daughters Mary Carole, born 1951,[33] and Nancy, born 1956.[24]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. New York: Harry N. Abrams. p. 70 (sidebar). ISBN 0-8109-3821-9.
  2. ^ a b c Field, Tom (2005). Secrets in the Shadows: The Art & Life of Gene Colan. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 64.
  3. ^ a b Vassallo, Michael J. "Joe Maneeley: Adventure Comics", in Marvel Masterworks: Atlas Era Black Knight / Yellow Claw (Marvel Publishing 2009) ISBN 978-0-7851-3515-9, p. 241 (unnumbered)
  4. ^ a b c d e Vassallo, Michael J. (September 2003). "What If ... Joe Maneely Had Lived and Drawn in the Marvel Age of Comics?". Alter Ego. Vol. 3, no. 28. p. 5.
  5. ^ a b c d Vassallo, Alter Ego, p. 6
  6. ^ a b Joe Maneely at the Grand Comics Database
  7. ^ a b Vassallo, Alter Ego, p. 7
  8. ^ Interview with fellow Atlas staff artist Stan Goldberg, Alter Ego #18 (Oct. 2002) p. 11
  9. ^ a b Vassallo, Alter Ego, p. 19
  10. ^ Fingeroth, Danny; and Thomas, Roy. The Stan Lee Universe, p. 8. TwoMorrows Publishing, 2011. ISBN 9781605490298. Accessed October 12, 2015. ""Joe is the quieter of the two partners. ... He is the product of both the Philadelphia Bulletin and the Philadelphia Daily News art departments and now freelances out of New Shrewsbury, N. J., where he, his wife and three daughters live."
  11. ^ Goldberg, Alter Ego #18. p. 10: "He was the fastest artist I ever saw. I was always fascinated by how he did covers. He'd start out penciling stick figures and outline them with a pen and then fill in the blacks [i.e., the shaded areas]. You'd look at your watch, and 45 minutes later he was done".
  12. ^ Goldberg, Alter Ego #18. p. 10: "Joe was always Stan's favorite artist. No question about it. Even over [Jack] Kirby and the others".
  13. ^ a b Thomas, Roy. "Introduction", Black Knight / Yellow Claw
  14. ^ Herb Trimpe interview (May 2001). Comic Book Artist. No. 13. p. 62. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. ^ "Fred Sez" (column), Hembeck.com, May 12, 2003 (requires scrolling). WebCitation archive.
  16. ^ Ringo Kid Western #1 (series cover-titled Ringo Kid #2-on) at the Grand Comics Database
  17. ^ Stan Goldberg interview, Adelaide Comics and Books (2005). Archived February 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Goldberg, Alter Ego, p. 10
  19. ^ Vassallo, Alter Ego, p. 16
  20. ^ Vassallo, Alter Ego, p. 22
  21. ^ a b Ro, Ronin. Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee and the American Comic Book Revolution (Bloomsbury, 2004)
  22. ^ Vassallo, Alter Ego, pp. 34-35
  23. ^ Social Security History: "John's First Job". WebCitation archive.
  24. ^ a b Vassallo, Alter Ego, p. 30
  25. ^ Vassallo, Black Knight / Yellow Claw, p. 244 (unnumbered)
  26. ^ Daniels, Les, p. 70 (sidebar)
  27. ^ Goldberg, Alter Ego, pp. 10-11
  28. ^ Two-Gun Kid #45 at the Grand Comics Database. Note: Series filed there under hyphen-less indicia title rather than hyphenated cover title.
  29. ^ Apeldoorn, Ger (September 29, 2013). "The Day Joe Died". The Fabuleous Fifties. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  30. ^ Vassallo, Alter Ego, p. 3
  31. ^ Vassallo, Black Knight / Yellow Claw, p. 236 (unnumbered)
  32. ^ Vassallo, Alter Ego, p. 8
  33. ^ Vassallo, Alter Ego, p. 13
[edit]
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