Jump to content

Khata: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Importing Wikidata short description: "Traditional ceremonial scarf in Tibetan Buddhism and tengrism" (Shortdesc helper)
m →top: Task 20 (dev test): replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 3);
 
(42 intermediate revisions by 32 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Traditional ceremonial scarf in Tibetan Buddhism and tengrism}}
{{Short description|Traditional ceremonial scarf in Tibetan Buddhism}}
{{Italic title}}
{{about| the Tibetan scarf|the khata cottages in Slavic-speaking countries|izba}}
{{About| the Tibetan scarf|the khata cottages in Slavic-speaking countries|izba}}
⚫
[[File:13th Dalai Lama in 1932.jpg|left|thumb|[[13th Dalai Lama]] of Tibet in 1932|alt=]]
{{Chinese
{{Chinese|pic=Khata.jpg|piccap=A Tibetan khata.|w=ha<sup>3</sup>-ta<sup>2</sup>|j=haa<sup>5</sup> daat<sup>6</sup>|tib=ཁ་བཏགས་|wylie=kha btags|thdl=kha tak|zwpy=katak|mon=хадаг|ne=खतक}}
| pic = Khata.jpg
⚫
[[Image:Manzushir Khiid 149194575 f9e5350702 o.jpg|thumb|Blue Khatas tied to a stone stele at the former [[Manjusri Monastery]], [[Mongolia]] that was destroyed by Mongolian [[Communism|communists]] in 1937.|alt=|262x262px]]
| piccap = A Tibetan khata
| c = {{linktext|lang=zh|哈達}}
| p = hādá
| zh-dungan = хада
| j = haa<sup>5</sup> daat<sup>6</sup>
| tib = ཁ་བཏགས་
| wylie = kha-btags
| thdl = khatak
| zwpy = katak
| ne = खतक<br>{{yesitalic|khatak}}
| lang1 = dz
| lang1_content = བཀབ་ནས
| mong = {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ}}
| mon = хадаг
| lang2 = bua
| lang2_content = хадаг<br>{{yesitalic|khadag}}
| lang3 = tyv
| lang3_content = кадак<br>{{yesitalic|kadak}}
| lang4 = ky
| lang4_content = حاداق<br>хадак<br>{{yesitalic|hadak}}
}}
⚫
[[File:13th Dalai Lama in 1932.jpg|upright|thumb|[[13th Dalai Lama]] of Tibet (1932)|alt=]]


A '''khata''' or '''khatag'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=|title=Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet|last=Das|first=Sarat Chandra|publisher=Royal Geographical Society.|year=1902|isbn=|editor-last=Rockhill.|editor-first=William Woodville|location=London|pages=32|oclc=557688339|quote=... handing him a scarf (khatag), I expressed the hope that we might meet next year.}}</ref>({{bo|t=ཁ་བཏགས་}}; {{lang-dz|དར་}}, ''dhar'', Mongolian : {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ}} / {{lang-mn|хадаг}} / {{IPA-all|χɑtɑk}}, ''khadag'' or ''hatag'', {{lang-ne|खतक}} ''khada'', Chinese {{linktext|lang=zh|哈達}}/{{linktext|lang=zh|哈达}}; [[pinyin]]: ''{{linktext|lang=zh|hādá}}''/''{{linktext|lang=zh|hǎdá}}''<ref>{{cite book|last1=|first1= |title= |script-title=zh:现代汉语词典(第七版)|trans-title=[[Xiandai Hanyu Cidian|A Dictionary of Current Chinese (Seventh Edition)]]. |date=1 September 2016|publisher=商务印书馆. [[The Commercial Press]].|isbn=978-7-100-12450-8|page=505|location=北京. [[Beijing]]|quote={{lang|zh-hans|【哈达】 hǎdá}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=|first1= |script-title=zh:现代汉语规范词典(第3版) |trans-title=A Standard Dictionary of Current Chinese (Third Edition). |date=May 2014|publisher=外语教学与研究出版社. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.|isbn=978-7-513-54562-4|page=507|location=北京. [[Beijing]]|quote={{lang|zh-hans|【哈达】 hǎdá}}}}</ref><ref>http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?o=dcbdic&searchid=Z00000079118</ref>) is a traditional ceremonial [[scarf]] in [[tengrism]]<ref>{{cite web | last = | title = The Eternal Blue Sky | publisher = Hoop | date = 2014 | url = http://www.3worlds.co.uk/Articles/Tenger.pdf | accessdate = 2016-06-19}}</ref> and [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. {{citation needed span|It originated in [[Tibetan culture]]|date=June 2016}} and is common in cultures and countries where Tibetan Buddhism is practiced or has strong influence.
A '''''khata''''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|t|ə}} or '''''khatag'''''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet|last=Das|first=Sarat Chandra|publisher=Royal Geographical Society.|year=1902|editor-last=Rockhill.|editor-first=William Woodville|location=London|pages=32|oclc=557688339|quote=... handing him a scarf (khatag), I expressed the hope that we might meet next year.}}</ref>{{Efn|{{bo|t=ཁ་བཏགས་}}; {{langx|dz|དར་}} ''dhar''; [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] and [[Buryat language|Buryat]]: {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ}} {{lang|mn|хадаг}}, {{translit|mn|khadag}} {{IPA|mn|ˈχatəq|}}; {{langx|tyv|кадак}} or {{lang|tyv|хадак}}, {{translit|tyv|kadak}} or {{translit|tyv|hadak}}, {{IPA|tyv|qɐˈtɐq|}} or {{IPA|tyv|χɐˈtɐq|}}; {{langx|ne|खतक}} {{IAST|khatak}} {{IPA|ne|ˈkʰʌt̪ʌk|}}; {{zh|t={{linktext|lang=zh|哈達}}|s={{linktext|lang=zh|哈达}}|p=hādá/hǎdá}}.<ref>{{cite book|script-title=zh:现代汉语词典(第七版)|trans-title=[[Xiandai Hanyu Cidian|A Dictionary of Current Chinese (Seventh Edition)]]. |date=1 September 2016 |publisher=商务印书馆. [[The Commercial Press]].|isbn=978-7-100-12450-8|page=505|location=北京. [[Beijing]]|quote={{lang|zh-hans|【哈达】 hǎdá}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-title=zh:现代汉语规范词典(第3版) |trans-title=A Standard Dictionary of Current Chinese (Third Edition). |date=May 2014 |publisher=外语教学与研究出版社. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.|isbn=978-7-513-54562-4|page=507|location=北京. [[Beijing]]|quote={{lang|zh-hans|【哈达】 hǎdá}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?o=dcbdic&searchid=Z00000079118|title = 教育部《重編國語辭典修訂本》2021}}</ref>}} is a traditional ceremonial [[scarf]] in [[Tibetan Buddhism]] and in [[Tengriism]].<ref>{{cite web | title = The Eternal Blue Sky | publisher = Hoop | date = 2014 | url = http://www.3worlds.co.uk/Articles/Tenger.pdf | access-date = 2016-06-19}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=August 2022}} It is widely used by the Tibetan, Nepalese, Bhutanese, Ladakhi, Mongolian, Buryat, and Tuvan peoples on various occasions. It originated in [[Tibetan culture]] and is common in cultures and countries where Tibetan Buddhism is practiced or has strong influence.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} The practice of using ''khatas'' has influenced people of other communities too who are in close relation to these communities. It is predominantly used in Tibet, followed by other parts of the world. It is a symbol of honour and respect. It is used in Tibetan religious ceremony and in traditional dances, and is offered in monasteries and in temples.


In [[Nepal]], a ''khata'' is used as a gift for various occasions like wedding, graduation, electoral victory, winning an award and several other major lifestones. Generally, the guests or invitees at the reception would put khata on the host of such parties. It is used by both Hindus and Buddhists of Nepal in that manner.
⚫
The khata symbolizes purity and compassion and is worn or presented with incense at many ceremonial occasions, including births, weddings, funerals, graduations and the arrival or departure of guests. They were usually made of [[silk]] but now much more commonly cotton or polyester. Tibetan khatas are usually [[white]], symbolising the pure heart of the giver,<ref name="KhartaRoof">{{cite web | last = Staff | title = Khata/Tibet "roof of the world" | publisher = Oracle ThinkQuest Education Foundation | date = | url = http://library.thinkquest.org/25772/site/english/khata.html | accessdate = 2010-02-04}}</ref><ref name="EQ">{{Cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-05/10/content_15261808.htm|title=Ethnic Culture Thrives After Sichuan Quake|last=|first=|date=2012-05-10|work=China Daily|accessdate=2012-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306142355/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-05/10/content_15261808.htm|archive-date=6 March 2018|publisher=[[China Daily]]|location=Chengdu|quote=The 19-year-old Tibetan woman says she enjoys working as a guide at the site, where she also sells Katak, a white flaxen scarf the Tibetans present with respect, incense and other religious items.}}</ref> though it is quite common to find yellow-gold khata as well. [[Tibet]]an, [[Nepal]]i, and [[Bhutan]]ese khatas feature the [[ashtamangala]]. There are also special multi-colored khatas. [[Mongolia]]n khatas are usually blue, symbolizing the blue sky. In Mongolia, khatas are also often tied to [[ovoo]]s, [[stupa]]s, or special trees and rocks.


==References==
==History==
Tibetan people used to give animal skins as gifts because there was no silk in Tibet. According to the [[Bon]] historical record, people would put sheep wool around their necks during the time of the ninth king, Degong Jayshi, and head for some religious rituals. This tradition was passed down from that moment onwards. People began making scarves and using silk over time. So, the scarf replaced the plain sheep's wool and people put scarves on the neck and head.

==Uses and types==
⚫
The khata symbolizes purity and compassion and is worn or presented with incense at many ceremonial occasions, including births, weddings, funerals, graduations and the arrival or departure of guests. When given as a farewell gesture it symbolizes a safe journey. When given to arriving guests it symbolizes welcome. They were usually made of [[silk]] but now much more commonly cotton or polyester. Tibetan khatas are usually [[white]], symbolising the pure heart of the giver,<ref name="KhartaRoof">{{cite web | last = Staff | title = Khata/Tibet "roof of the world" | publisher = Oracle ThinkQuest Education Foundation | url = http://library.thinkquest.org/25772/site/english/khata.html | access-date = 2010-02-04}}</ref> though it is quite common to find [[Gold (color)|yellow-gold]] khata as well. [[Tibet]]an, [[Nepal]]i, and [[Bhutan]]ese khatas feature the [[ashtamangala]]. There are also special multi-colored khatas. [[Mongolia]]n khatas are usually [[blue]], symbolizing the [[Sky blue|blue sky]]. In Mongolia, khatas are also often tied to [[ovoo]]s, [[stupa|suvarga]]s, or special trees and rocks.

⚫
[[Image:Manzushir Khiid 149194575 f9e5350702 o.jpg|thumb|center|alt=|Blue khatas tied to a stone stele at the former [[Manjusri Monastery]], [[Mongolia]], which was destroyed by Mongolian [[Communism|communists]] in 1937]]

== Explanatory notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

⚫
{{commons category|Khata / Haddak}}
== External links ==
⚫
* {{Commons category inline|Khata / Haddak}}


{{Tibet related articles}}
{{Tibet related articles}}
Line 17: Line 52:
{{Asia in topic|Culture of}}
{{Asia in topic|Culture of}}


⚫
[[Category:Tibetan clothing]]
⚫
[[Category:Scarves]]
[[Category:Buddhist ritual implements]]
[[Category:Buddhist ritual implements]]
[[Category:Buddhist symbols]]
[[Category:Buddhist symbols]]
⚫
[[Category:History of Asian clothing]]
⚫
[[Category:Scarves]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist art and culture]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist art and culture]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist ritual implements]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist ritual implements]]
[[Category:History of Asian clothing]]
[[Category:Tibetan clothing]]



{{tibet-stub}}
{{Tibet-stub}}
{{mongolia-stub}}
{{Mongolia-stub}}

Latest revision as of 15:40, 12 October 2024

This article is about the Tibetan scarf. For the khata cottages in Slavic-speaking countries, see izba.
Khata
A Tibetan khata
Chinese name
Chinese哈達
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinhādá
other Mandarin
Dunganхада
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpinghaa5 daat6
Tibetan name
Tibetanཁ་བཏགས་
Transcriptions
Wyliekha-btags
THLkhatak
Tibetan Pinyinkatak
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillicхадаг
Mongolian scriptᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ
Nepali name
Nepaliखतक
khatak
Dzongkha name
Dzongkhaབཀབ་ནས
Buryat name
Buryatхадаг
khadag
Tuvan name
Tuvanкадак
kadak
Kyrgyz name
Kyrgyzحاداق
хадак
hadak
13th Dalai Lama of Tibet (1932)

A khata /ˈkætə/ or khatag[1][a] is a traditional ceremonial scarf in Tibetan Buddhism and in Tengriism.[5][better source needed] It is widely used by the Tibetan, Nepalese, Bhutanese, Ladakhi, Mongolian, Buryat, and Tuvan peoples on various occasions. It originated in Tibetan culture and is common in cultures and countries where Tibetan Buddhism is practiced or has strong influence.[citation needed] The practice of using khatas has influenced people of other communities too who are in close relation to these communities. It is predominantly used in Tibet, followed by other parts of the world. It is a symbol of honour and respect. It is used in Tibetan religious ceremony and in traditional dances, and is offered in monasteries and in temples.

In Nepal, a khata is used as a gift for various occasions like wedding, graduation, electoral victory, winning an award and several other major lifestones. Generally, the guests or invitees at the reception would put khata on the host of such parties. It is used by both Hindus and Buddhists of Nepal in that manner.

History

[edit]

Tibetan people used to give animal skins as gifts because there was no silk in Tibet. According to the Bon historical record, people would put sheep wool around their necks during the time of the ninth king, Degong Jayshi, and head for some religious rituals. This tradition was passed down from that moment onwards. People began making scarves and using silk over time. So, the scarf replaced the plain sheep's wool and people put scarves on the neck and head.

Uses and types

[edit]

The khata symbolizes purity and compassion and is worn or presented with incense at many ceremonial occasions, including births, weddings, funerals, graduations and the arrival or departure of guests. When given as a farewell gesture it symbolizes a safe journey. When given to arriving guests it symbolizes welcome. They were usually made of silk but now much more commonly cotton or polyester. Tibetan khatas are usually white, symbolising the pure heart of the giver,[6] though it is quite common to find yellow-gold khata as well. Tibetan, Nepali, and Bhutanese khatas feature the ashtamangala. There are also special multi-colored khatas. Mongolian khatas are usually blue, symbolizing the blue sky. In Mongolia, khatas are also often tied to ovoos, suvargas, or special trees and rocks.

Blue khatas tied to a stone stele at the former Manjusri Monastery, Mongolia, which was destroyed by Mongolian communists in 1937

Explanatory notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Tibetan: ཁ་བཏགས་; Dzongkha: དར་ dhar; Mongolian and Buryat: ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ хадаг, khadag [ˈχatəq]; Tuvan: кадак or хадак, kadak or hadak, [qɐˈtɐq] or [χɐˈtɐq]; Nepali: खतक khatak [ˈkʰʌt̪ʌk]; simplified Chinese: 哈达; traditional Chinese: 哈達; pinyin: hādá/hǎdá.[2][3][4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Das, Sarat Chandra (1902). Rockhill., William Woodville (ed.). Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet. London: Royal Geographical Society. p. 32. OCLC 557688339. ... handing him a scarf (khatag), I expressed the hope that we might meet next year.
  2. ^ 现代汉语词典(第七版) [A Dictionary of Current Chinese (Seventh Edition).]. 北京. Beijing: 商务印书馆. The Commercial Press. 1 September 2016. p. 505. ISBN 978-7-100-12450-8. 【哈达】 hǎdá
  3. ^ 现代汉语规范词典(第3版) [A Standard Dictionary of Current Chinese (Third Edition).]. 北京. Beijing: 外语教学与研究出版社. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. May 2014. p. 507. ISBN 978-7-513-54562-4. 【哈达】 hǎdá
  4. ^ "教育部《重編國語辭典修訂本》2021".
  5. ^ "The Eternal Blue Sky" (PDF). Hoop. 2014. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
  6. ^ Staff. "Khata/Tibet "roof of the world"". Oracle ThinkQuest Education Foundation. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
[edit]
Stub icon

This Tibet-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Stub icon

This Mongolia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khata&oldid=1250797214"