Khata: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Traditional ceremonial scarf in Tibetan Buddhism}} |
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{{Italic title}} |
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{{About| the Tibetan scarf|the khata cottages in Slavic-speaking countries|izba}} |
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{{Chinese |
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{{Chinese|pic=Khata.jpg|piccap=A Tibetan khata.|w=ha<sup>3</sup>-ta<sup>2</sup>|j=haa<sup>5</sup> daat<sup>6</sup>|tib=ཁ་བཏགས་|wylie=kha btags|thdl=kha tak|zwpy=katak|mon=хадаг|ne=खतक}} |
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| pic = Khata.jpg |
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| piccap = A Tibetan khata |
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| c = {{linktext|lang=zh|哈達}} |
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| p = hādá |
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| zh-dungan = хада |
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| j = haa<sup>5</sup> daat<sup>6</sup> |
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| tib = ཁ་བཏགས་ |
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| wylie = kha-btags |
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| thdl = khatak |
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| zwpy = katak |
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| ne = खतक<br>{{yesitalic|khatak}} |
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| lang1 = dz |
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| lang1_content = བཀབ་ནས |
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| mong = {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ}} |
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| mon = хадаг |
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| lang2 = bua |
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| lang2_content = хадаг<br>{{yesitalic|khadag}} |
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| lang3 = tyv |
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| lang3_content = кадак<br>{{yesitalic|kadak}} |
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| lang4 = ky |
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| lang4_content = حاداق<br>хадак<br>{{yesitalic|hadak}} |
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}} |
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A '''khata''' or '''khatag'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet|last=Das|first=Sarat Chandra|publisher=Royal Geographical Society.|year=1902|editor-last=Rockhill.|editor-first=William Woodville|location=London|pages=32|oclc=557688339|quote=... handing him a scarf (khatag), I expressed the hope that we might meet next year.}}</ref> |
A '''''khata''''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|t|ə}} or '''''khatag'''''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet|last=Das|first=Sarat Chandra|publisher=Royal Geographical Society.|year=1902|editor-last=Rockhill.|editor-first=William Woodville|location=London|pages=32|oclc=557688339|quote=... handing him a scarf (khatag), I expressed the hope that we might meet next year.}}</ref>{{Efn|{{bo|t=ཁ་བཏགས་}}; {{langx|dz|དར་}} ''dhar''; [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] and [[Buryat language|Buryat]]: {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ}} {{lang|mn|хадаг}}, {{translit|mn|khadag}} {{IPA|mn|ˈχatəq|}}; {{langx|tyv|кадак}} or {{lang|tyv|хадак}}, {{translit|tyv|kadak}} or {{translit|tyv|hadak}}, {{IPA|tyv|qɐˈtɐq|}} or {{IPA|tyv|χɐˈtɐq|}}; {{langx|ne|खतक}} {{IAST|khatak}} {{IPA|ne|ˈkʰʌt̪ʌk|}}; {{zh|t={{linktext|lang=zh|哈達}}|s={{linktext|lang=zh|哈达}}|p=hādá/hǎdá}}.<ref>{{cite book|script-title=zh:现代汉语词典(第七版)|trans-title=[[Xiandai Hanyu Cidian|A Dictionary of Current Chinese (Seventh Edition)]]. |date=1 September 2016 |publisher=商务印书馆. [[The Commercial Press]].|isbn=978-7-100-12450-8|page=505|location=北京. [[Beijing]]|quote={{lang|zh-hans|【哈达】 hǎdá}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-title=zh:现代汉语规范词典(第3版) |trans-title=A Standard Dictionary of Current Chinese (Third Edition). |date=May 2014 |publisher=外语教学与研究出版社. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.|isbn=978-7-513-54562-4|page=507|location=北京. [[Beijing]]|quote={{lang|zh-hans|【哈达】 hǎdá}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?o=dcbdic&searchid=Z00000079118|title = 教育部《重編國語辭典修訂本》2021}}</ref>}} is a traditional ceremonial [[scarf]] in [[Tibetan Buddhism]] and in [[Tengriism]].<ref>{{cite web | title = The Eternal Blue Sky | publisher = Hoop | date = 2014 | url = http://www.3worlds.co.uk/Articles/Tenger.pdf | access-date = 2016-06-19}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=August 2022}} It is widely used by the Tibetan, Nepalese, Bhutanese, Ladakhi, Mongolian, Buryat, and Tuvan peoples on various occasions. It originated in [[Tibetan culture]] and is common in cultures and countries where Tibetan Buddhism is practiced or has strong influence.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} The practice of using ''khatas'' has influenced people of other communities too who are in close relation to these communities. It is predominantly used in Tibet, followed by other parts of the world. It is a symbol of honour and respect. It is used in Tibetan religious ceremony and in traditional dances, and is offered in monasteries and in temples. |
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In [[Nepal]], a ''khata'' is used as a gift for various occasions like wedding, graduation, electoral victory, winning an award and several other major lifestones. Generally, the guests or invitees at the reception would put khata on the host of such parties. It is used by both Hindus and Buddhists of Nepal in that manner. |
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⚫ | The khata symbolizes purity and compassion and is worn or presented with incense at many ceremonial occasions, including births, weddings, funerals, graduations and the arrival or departure of guests. |
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==History== |
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Tibetan people used to give animal skins as gifts because there was no silk in Tibet. According to the Bon historical record, people would put sheep wool around their necks during the time of the ninth king, Degong Jayshi, and head for some religious rituals. This tradition was passed down from that moment onwards. People began making scarves and using silk over time. So, the scarf replaced the plain |
Tibetan people used to give animal skins as gifts because there was no silk in Tibet. According to the [[Bon]] historical record, people would put sheep wool around their necks during the time of the ninth king, Degong Jayshi, and head for some religious rituals. This tradition was passed down from that moment onwards. People began making scarves and using silk over time. So, the scarf replaced the plain sheep's wool and people put scarves on the neck and head. |
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==Uses and types== |
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⚫ | The khata symbolizes purity and compassion and is worn or presented with incense at many ceremonial occasions, including births, weddings, funerals, graduations and the arrival or departure of guests. When given as a farewell gesture it symbolizes a safe journey. When given to arriving guests it symbolizes welcome. They were usually made of [[silk]] but now much more commonly cotton or polyester. Tibetan khatas are usually [[white]], symbolising the pure heart of the giver,<ref name="KhartaRoof">{{cite web | last = Staff | title = Khata/Tibet "roof of the world" | publisher = Oracle ThinkQuest Education Foundation | url = http://library.thinkquest.org/25772/site/english/khata.html | access-date = 2010-02-04}}</ref> though it is quite common to find [[Gold (color)|yellow-gold]] khata as well. [[Tibet]]an, [[Nepal]]i, and [[Bhutan]]ese khatas feature the [[ashtamangala]]. There are also special multi-colored khatas. [[Mongolia]]n khatas are usually [[blue]], symbolizing the [[Sky blue|blue sky]]. In Mongolia, khatas are also often tied to [[ovoo]]s, [[stupa|suvarga]]s, or special trees and rocks. |
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== Explanatory notes == |
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{{Notelist}} |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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{{Tibet related articles}} |
{{Tibet related articles}} |
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{{Asia in topic|Culture of}} |
{{Asia in topic|Culture of}} |
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[[Category:Buddhist ritual implements]] |
[[Category:Buddhist ritual implements]] |
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[[Category:Buddhist symbols]] |
[[Category:Buddhist symbols]] |
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[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist art and culture]] |
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist art and culture]] |
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[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist ritual implements]] |
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist ritual implements]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Tibetan clothing]] |
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{{Tibet-stub}} |
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{{Mongolia-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 15:40, 12 October 2024
Khata | |||||||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
Chinese | 哈達 | ||||||||||||||
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Tibetan name | |||||||||||||||
Tibetan | ཁ་བཏགས་ | ||||||||||||||
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Mongolian name | |||||||||||||||
Mongolian Cyrillic | хадаг | ||||||||||||||
Mongolian script | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ||||||||||||||
Nepali name | |||||||||||||||
Nepali | खतक khatak | ||||||||||||||
Dzongkha name | |||||||||||||||
Dzongkha | བཀབ་ནས | ||||||||||||||
Buryat name | |||||||||||||||
Buryat | хадаг khadag | ||||||||||||||
Tuvan name | |||||||||||||||
Tuvan | кадак kadak | ||||||||||||||
Kyrgyz name | |||||||||||||||
Kyrgyz | حاداق хадак hadak |
A khata /ˈkætə/ or khatag[1][a] is a traditional ceremonial scarf in Tibetan Buddhism and in Tengriism.[5][better source needed] It is widely used by the Tibetan, Nepalese, Bhutanese, Ladakhi, Mongolian, Buryat, and Tuvan peoples on various occasions. It originated in Tibetan culture and is common in cultures and countries where Tibetan Buddhism is practiced or has strong influence.[citation needed] The practice of using khatas has influenced people of other communities too who are in close relation to these communities. It is predominantly used in Tibet, followed by other parts of the world. It is a symbol of honour and respect. It is used in Tibetan religious ceremony and in traditional dances, and is offered in monasteries and in temples.
In Nepal, a khata is used as a gift for various occasions like wedding, graduation, electoral victory, winning an award and several other major lifestones. Generally, the guests or invitees at the reception would put khata on the host of such parties. It is used by both Hindus and Buddhists of Nepal in that manner.
History
[edit]Tibetan people used to give animal skins as gifts because there was no silk in Tibet. According to the Bon historical record, people would put sheep wool around their necks during the time of the ninth king, Degong Jayshi, and head for some religious rituals. This tradition was passed down from that moment onwards. People began making scarves and using silk over time. So, the scarf replaced the plain sheep's wool and people put scarves on the neck and head.
Uses and types
[edit]The khata symbolizes purity and compassion and is worn or presented with incense at many ceremonial occasions, including births, weddings, funerals, graduations and the arrival or departure of guests. When given as a farewell gesture it symbolizes a safe journey. When given to arriving guests it symbolizes welcome. They were usually made of silk but now much more commonly cotton or polyester. Tibetan khatas are usually white, symbolising the pure heart of the giver,[6] though it is quite common to find yellow-gold khata as well. Tibetan, Nepali, and Bhutanese khatas feature the ashtamangala. There are also special multi-colored khatas. Mongolian khatas are usually blue, symbolizing the blue sky. In Mongolia, khatas are also often tied to ovoos, suvargas, or special trees and rocks.
Explanatory notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Das, Sarat Chandra (1902). Rockhill., William Woodville (ed.). Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet. London: Royal Geographical Society. p. 32. OCLC 557688339.
... handing him a scarf (khatag), I expressed the hope that we might meet next year.
- ^ 现代汉语词典(第七版) [A Dictionary of Current Chinese (Seventh Edition).]. 北京. Beijing: 商务印书馆. The Commercial Press. 1 September 2016. p. 505. ISBN 978-7-100-12450-8.
【哈达】 hǎdá
- ^ 现代汉语规范词典(第3版) [A Standard Dictionary of Current Chinese (Third Edition).]. 北京. Beijing: 外语教学与研究出版社. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. May 2014. p. 507. ISBN 978-7-513-54562-4.
【哈达】 hǎdá
- ^ "教育部《重編國語辭典修訂本》2021".
- ^ "The Eternal Blue Sky" (PDF). Hoop. 2014. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
- ^ Staff. "Khata/Tibet "roof of the world"". Oracle ThinkQuest Education Foundation. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
External links
[edit]- Media related to Khata / Haddak at Wikimedia Commons