Konrad Peutinger: Difference between revisions

Konrad Peutinger
Konrad Peutinger
	Portrait by Christoph Amberger, 1543
Born	14 October 1465; Augsburg, Holy Roman Empire
Died	28 December 1547 (aged 82); Augsburg, Holy Roman Empire
Occupation	Scholar, antiquarian
Nationality	German
Period	Renaissance
Literary movement	Renaissance humanism
Signature

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 14:08, 20 August 2024

Konrad Peutinger (IPA: [ˈkɔnʁaːt ˈpɔʏtɪŋɐ]; 14 October 1465 – 28 December 1547) was a German humanist, jurist, diplomat, politician, economist and archaeologist, serving as Emperor Maximilian I's chief archaeological adviser.^[1]^[2] A senior official in the municipal government of the Imperial City of Augsburg, he served as a counselor to Emperor Maximilian I and his successor Charles V. Also known as a passionate antiquarian, he collected, with the help of his wife Margareta Welser (1481–1552), one of the largest private libraries north of the Alps.

Life

He was born in Augsburg, the son of a reputable merchant family. He studied law at the universities of Padua in the Venetia and Bologna in Italy,^[3] where he obtained his doctorate and came in close touch with the humanism movement. Back in Germany, he was elected syndic of his hometown Augsburg and from 1497 held the office of a town clerk (Stadtschreiber), representing the city in several Imperial diets, notably that of Worms including the hearing of Martin Luther in 1521. Peutinger's accounts were a valuable source for later historians like Theodor Kolde.

He was on close terms with the Habsburg emperor Maximilian I, who appointed him Imperial councilor. Peutinger, an early proponent of economic liberalism, mediated between the Imperial estates and the Augsburg Fugger and Welser families. He was able to assert his position under Maximilian's successor Emperor Charles V, however, his politics aiming at a balance of power were aborted by the advancing Reformation after the 1529 Protestation at Speyer. When in 1534 the citizens of Augsburg turned Protestant, he retired from public offices.

In Augsburg, he established and headed the learned sodality named Sodalitas Augustana (or Sodalitas litteraria Augustana), following the model of the Heidelberg society established by Konrad Celtis.^[4] Peutinger built an extensive scholarly and political network that membership was coveted and helped to make humanism a core of Augsburg's political and cultural life.^[5]

It was through his influence that Ulrich von Hutten got crowned as a Poet Laureate by Maximilian. Peutinger's daughter Konstantia made the laurel wreath herself.^[6]

Work

Peutinger corresponded with notable contemporary humanist scholars like Erasmus of Rotterdam, Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck and Willibald Pirckheimer. During the global spread of the printing press he studied numerous classical philologic and legal works from Italy. In 1520 he was one of the first to publish Roman inscriptions (Inscriptiones Romanæ), a work that has been cited as the most notable of his writings on classical antiquities.^[3]

As the author of the Romanae vetustatis fragmenta (published in 1505), Peutinger was the first German scholarly epigraphist.^[7]

Peutinger's name is usually associated with the famous Tabula Peutingeriana, a medieval copy of a late antique world map of Roman roads from the British Isles to India and Central Asia. It was discovered by the Viennese scholar Conrad Celtes, who in 1507 handed it over to Peutinger for publication. Parts of the map were not published until 1591 by the Antwerp-based publishing house of Jan Moretus and in 1598 by Peutinger's relative Marcus Welser and Abraham Ortelius. Rediscovered in 1714, it was archived at the Vienna Imperial Library and first published as a whole by Franz Christoph von Scheyb in 1753.

Peutinger also first printed the Getica of Jordanes^[8] and the Historia Langobardorum of Paulus Diaconus.

As an economist and politician, Peutinger played an important role in the monopoly debates of the 16th century. He advised Charles V to allow monopolies on luxury goods, but not on everyday necessities (res viviles) like grain and wine.^[9] He also drafted progressive trade laws when working for Maximilian. Crossen calls him "the first great philosophical evangelist of the profit system."^[10] During the debate among the Imperial Estates at the 1522–1523 Nuremberg Diet concerning whether the capital stocks of large companies should be limited to 50,000 florin and whether acceptance of external capital should be banned, Peutinger advocated for the large merchants, saying that such methods would only benefit foreigners and that the mining boom created by the activities of large companies had helped to lower prices for the common man.^[11]

Peutinger advocated church reform and was an early supporter of Martin Luther. As an official of Augsburg though, he guided the Augsburg Council towards the "middle way" (between wholesale reform and reactionary politics). By 1525, he declared that Luther had presented solid truths from the Scripture, but Luther's posion on some matter should be rejected. He advised the Council not to accept any statement that condemned Luther as seductive and heretical.^[12]^[13]

Notes

^ Goldschmidt, E. P. (10 June 2010). The Printed Book of the Renaissance: Three Lectures on Type, Illustration and Ornament. Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-521-16706-2. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
^ Grafton, Anthony (15 March 1995). New Worlds, Ancient Texts: The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery. Harvard University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-674-25412-1. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Peutinger, Konrad" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
^ Becker 1981, p. 40.
^ A Companion to Late Medieval and Early Modern Augsburg. BRILL. 25 February 2020. p. 475. ISBN 978-90-04-41605-5. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
^ Flood, John (8 September 2011). Poets Laureate in the Holy Roman Empire: A Bio-bibliographical Handbook. Walter de Gruyter. p. 929. ISBN 978-3-11-091274-6. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
^ Becker, Reinhard Paul (1981). A War of Fools: The Letters of Obscure Men : a Study of the Satire and the Satirized. P. Lang. p. 40. ISBN 978-3-261-04727-4. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
^ Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology 1849, "Jornandes"[1]
^ Buning, Marius (13 December 2021). Knowledge, Patents, Power: The Making of a Patent System in the Dutch Republic. BRILL. p. 154. ISBN 978-90-04-32042-0. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
^ Crossen, Cynthia (2000). The Rich and how They Got that Way: How the Wealthiest People of All Time--from Genghis Khan to Bill Gates--made Their Fortunes. Crown Business. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-8129-3267-6. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
^ Häberlein, Mark (19 March 2012). The Fuggers of Augsburg: Pursuing Wealth and Honor in Renaissance Germany. University of Virginia Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8139-3258-3. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
^ Amberg, Joel Van (9 December 2011). A Real Presence: Religious and Social Dynamics of the Eucharistic Conflicts in Early Modern Augsburg 1520-1530. BRILL. p. 18. ISBN 978-90-04-21698-3. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
^ Dunwoody, Sean (19 September 2022). Passionate Peace: Emotions and Religious Coexistence in Later Sixteenth-Century Augsburg. BRILL. p. 23. ISBN 978-90-04-52595-5. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Peutinger Konrad". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

External links

https://www.livius.org/pen-pg/peutinger/map.html Archived 2016-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
Three unknown formulas of the humanist Konrad Peutinger on www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
"Conrad Peutinger" . Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913.
Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries^{[dead link‍]} High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Konrad Peutinger in .jpg and .tiff format.

[1] Goldschmidt, E. P. (10 June 2010). The Printed Book of the Renaissance: Three Lectures on Type, Illustration and Ornament. Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-521-16706-2. Retrieved 23 February 2022.

[2] Grafton, Anthony (15 March 1995). New Worlds, Ancient Texts: The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery. Harvard University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-674-25412-1. Retrieved 23 February 2022.

[nie-3] Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Peutinger, Konrad" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

[FOOTNOTEBecker198140-4] Becker 1981, p. 40.

[5] A Companion to Late Medieval and Early Modern Augsburg. BRILL. 25 February 2020. p. 475. ISBN 978-90-04-41605-5. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

[6] Flood, John (8 September 2011). Poets Laureate in the Holy Roman Empire: A Bio-bibliographical Handbook. Walter de Gruyter. p. 929. ISBN 978-3-11-091274-6. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

[7] Becker, Reinhard Paul (1981). A War of Fools: The Letters of Obscure Men : a Study of the Satire and the Satirized. P. Lang. p. 40. ISBN 978-3-261-04727-4. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

[8] Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology 1849, "Jornandes"[1]

[9] Buning, Marius (13 December 2021). Knowledge, Patents, Power: The Making of a Patent System in the Dutch Republic. BRILL. p. 154. ISBN 978-90-04-32042-0. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

[10] Crossen, Cynthia (2000). The Rich and how They Got that Way: How the Wealthiest People of All Time--from Genghis Khan to Bill Gates--made Their Fortunes. Crown Business. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-8129-3267-6. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

[11] Häberlein, Mark (19 March 2012). The Fuggers of Augsburg: Pursuing Wealth and Honor in Renaissance Germany. University of Virginia Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8139-3258-3. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

[12] Amberg, Joel Van (9 December 2011). A Real Presence: Religious and Social Dynamics of the Eucharistic Conflicts in Early Modern Augsburg 1520-1530. BRILL. p. 18. ISBN 978-90-04-21698-3. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

[13] Dunwoody, Sean (19 September 2022). Passionate Peace: Emotions and Religious Coexistence in Later Sixteenth-Century Augsburg. BRILL. p. 23. ISBN 978-90-04-52595-5. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Infobox writer
-{{Infobox writer <!-- For more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]]. -->
 | name          = Konrad Peutinger
 | image         = Amberger Konrad Peutinger.jpg
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 | pseudonym     =
 | birth_name    =
-| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1465|10|14}}
+| birth_date    = 14 October 1465
-| birth_place   = [[Augsburg]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
+| birth_place   = [[Mixed Imperial City of Augsburg|Augsburg]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
-| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1547|12|28|1465|10|14}}
+| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1547|12|28|1465|10|14|df=y}}
-| death_place   = [[Augsburg]]
+| death_place   = Augsburg, Holy Roman Empire
 | resting_place =
 | occupation    = Scholar, antiquarian
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 | relatives     =
 | awards        =
-| signature     =
+| signature     = Signatur Konrad Peutinger.PNG
 | signature_alt =
 | module        =
 | portaldisp    =
 }}
-'''Conrad Peutinger''' (October 14, 1465 – December 28, 1547) was a [[Germany|German]] [[Humanism|humanist]], diplomat, politician, and economist. A senior official in the municipal government of the [[Free imperial city|Imperial City]] of [[Augsburg]], he served as a counselor to Emperor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] and his successor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]. Also known as a passionate [[antiquarian]], he collected, with the help of his wife Margareta [[Welser]] (1481–1552), one of the largest private libraries north of the Alps.
+'''Konrad Peutinger''' ({{IPA|de|ˈkɔnʁaːt ˈpɔʏtɪŋɐ|IPA}}; 14 October 1465 – 28 December 1547) was a German [[Humanism|humanist]], [[jurist]], [[diplomat]], politician, [[economist]] and archaeologist, serving as [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Maximilian I]]'s chief archaeological adviser.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goldschmidt |first1=E. P. |title=The Printed Book of the Renaissance: Three Lectures on Type, Illustration and Ornament |date=10 June 2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-16706-2 |page=85 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7WBsAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 |access-date=23 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Grafton |first1=Anthony |title=New Worlds, Ancient Texts: The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery |date=15 March 1995 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-25412-1 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AL_8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT20 |access-date=23 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> A senior official in the municipal government of the [[Free imperial city|Imperial City]] of [[Augsburg]], he served as a counselor to Emperor Maximilian I and his successor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]. Also known as a passionate [[antiquarian]], he collected, with the help of his wife Margareta [[Welser]] (1481–1552), one of the largest private libraries north of the Alps.
 ==Life==
-He was born in Augsburg, the son of a reputable merchant family. He studied law at the universities of [[University of Padua|Padua]] and [[University of Bologna|Bologna]] in [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]],<ref name=nie>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Peutinger, Konrad|year=1905}}</ref> where he obtained his [[Doctor of both laws|doctorate]] and came in close touch with the [[Renaissance humanism|humanism]] movement. Back in Germany, he was elected [[syndic]] of his hometown Augsburg and from 1497 held the office of a town clerk (''Stadtschreiber''), representing the city in several [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial diet]]s, notably that of [[Diet of Worms|Worms]] including the hearing of [[Martin Luther]] in 1521. Peutinger's accounts were a valuable source for later historians like [[Theodor Kolde]].
+He was born in Augsburg, the son of a reputable merchant family. He studied law at the universities of [[University of Padua|Padua]] in the [[Republic of Venice|Venetia]] and [[University of Bologna|Bologna]] in [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]],<ref name=nie>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Peutinger, Konrad|year=1905}}</ref> where he obtained his [[Doctor of both laws|doctorate]] and came in close touch with the [[Renaissance humanism|humanism]] movement. Back in Germany, he was elected [[syndic]] of his hometown Augsburg and from 1497 held the office of a town clerk (''Stadtschreiber''), representing the city in several [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial diet]]s, notably that of [[Diet of Worms|Worms]] including the hearing of [[Martin Luther]] in 1521. Peutinger's accounts were a valuable source for later historians like [[Theodor Kolde]].
-He was on close terms with the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] emperor Maximilian I, who appointed him Imperial councilor. Peutinger, an early proponent of [[economic liberalism]], mediated between the [[Imperial State|Imperial estates]] and the Ausgburg [[Fugger]] and Welser families. He was able to assert his position under Maximilian's successor Emperor Charles V, however, his politics aiming at a balance of power were aborted by the advancing [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] after the 1529 [[Protestation at Speyer]]. When in 1534 the citizens of Augsburg turned Protestant, he retired from public offices.
+He was on close terms with the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] emperor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], who appointed him Imperial councilor. Peutinger, an early proponent of [[economic liberalism]], mediated between the [[Imperial State|Imperial estates]] and the Augsburg [[Fugger]] and [[Welser]] families. He was able to assert his position under Maximilian's successor Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], however, his politics aiming at a balance of power were aborted by the advancing [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] after the 1529 [[Protestation at Speyer]]. When in 1534 the citizens of Augsburg turned Protestant, he retired from public offices.
+In Augsburg, he established and headed the learned [[sodality]] named ''Sodalitas Augustana'' (or ''Sodalitas litteraria Augustana''), following the model of the Heidelberg society established by [[Konrad Celtis]].{{sfn|Becker|1981|p=40}} Peutinger built an extensive scholarly and political network that membership was coveted and helped to make humanism a core of Augsburg's political and cultural life.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Companion to Late Medieval and Early Modern Augsburg |date=25 February 2020 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-41605-5 |page=475 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xbUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA475 |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
+It was through his influence that [[Ulrich von Hutten]] got crowned as a Poet Laureate by Maximilian. Peutinger's daughter Konstantia made the laurel wreath herself.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flood |first1=John |title=Poets Laureate in the Holy Roman Empire: A Bio-bibliographical Handbook |date=8 September 2011 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-091274-6 |page=929 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B1ujbUq3NOcC&pg=PA929 |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Work==
@@ Line 45: / Line 49: @@
 Peutinger corresponded with notable contemporary humanist scholars like [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus of Rotterdam]], [[Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck]] and [[Willibald Pirckheimer]]. During the [[global spread of the printing press]] he studied numerous [[classics|classical]] philologic and legal works from Italy. In 1520 he was one of the first to publish Roman inscriptions (''Inscriptiones Romanæ''), a work that has been cited as the most notable of his writings on classical antiquities.<ref name="nie"/>
+As the author of the '' Romanae vetustatis fragmenta'' (published in 1505), Peutinger was the first German scholarly epigraphist.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Becker |first1=Reinhard Paul |title=A War of Fools: The Letters of Obscure Men : a Study of the Satire and the Satirized |date=1981 |publisher=P. Lang |isbn=978-3-261-04727-4 |page=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZFiAAAAMAAJ |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
-Peutinger's name is mainly associated with the famous ''[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]'', a medieval copy of a [[Late Antiquity|late antique]] world map of [[Roman road]]s from the [[British Isles]] up to [[India]] and [[Central Asia]]. It was discovered by the [[Vienna|Viennese]] scholar [[Conrad Celtes]], who in 1507 handed it over to Peutinger for publication. Parts of the map were not published until 1591 by the [[Antwerp]]-based publishing house of [[Jan Moretus]] and in 1598 by Peutinger's relative Marcus Welser and [[Abraham Ortelius]]. Rediscovered in 1714, it was archived at the Vienna [[Austrian National Library|Imperial Library]] and first published as a whole by Franz Christoph von Scheyb in 1753.
+Peutinger's name is usually associated with the famous ''[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]'', a medieval copy of a [[Late Antiquity|late antique]] world map of [[Roman road]]s from the [[British Isles]] to [[India]] and [[Central Asia]]. It was discovered by the [[Vienna|Viennese]] scholar [[Conrad Celtes]], who in 1507 handed it over to Peutinger for publication. Parts of the map were not published until 1591 by the [[Antwerp]]-based publishing house of [[Jan Moretus]] and in 1598 by Peutinger's relative Marcus Welser and [[Abraham Ortelius]]. Rediscovered in 1714, it was archived at the Vienna [[Austrian National Library|Imperial Library]] and first published as a whole by Franz Christoph von Scheyb in 1753.
 Peutinger also first printed the ''[[Getica (Jordanes)|Getica]]'' of [[Jordanes]]<ref>[[William Smith (lexicographer)|Smith, William]] (editor); ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]'' 1849, "Jornandes"[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa&cc=moa&idno=acl3129.0002.001&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=618]</ref> and the ''[[Historia Langobardorum]]'' of [[Paulus Diaconus]].
+As an economist and politician, Peutinger played an important role in the monopoly debates of the 16th century. He advised [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] to allow monopolies on luxury goods, but not on everyday necessities (''res viviles'') like  grain and wine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Buning |first1=Marius |title=Knowledge, Patents, Power: The Making of a Patent System in the Dutch Republic |date=13 December 2021 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-32042-0 |page=154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QytVEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA154 |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He also drafted progressive trade laws when working for Maximilian. Crossen calls him "the first great philosophical evangelist of the profit system."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Crossen |first1=Cynthia |title=The Rich and how They Got that Way: How the Wealthiest People of All Time--from Genghis Khan to Bill Gates--made Their Fortunes |date=2000 |publisher=Crown Business |isbn=978-0-8129-3267-6 |page=120 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bA8WAQAAMAAJ |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> During the debate among the Imperial Estates at the 1522–1523 Nuremberg Diet concerning whether the capital stocks of large companies should be limited to 50,000 florin and whether acceptance of external capital should be banned, Peutinger advocated for the large merchants, saying that such methods would only benefit foreigners and that the mining boom created by the activities of large companies had helped to lower prices for the common man.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Häberlein |first1=Mark |title=The Fuggers of Augsburg: Pursuing Wealth and Honor in Renaissance Germany |date=19 March 2012 |publisher=University of Virginia Press |isbn=978-0-8139-3258-3 |page=62 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmnlZ8hR1cYC&pg=PT62 |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
+Peutinger advocated church reform and was an early supporter of [[Martin Luther]]. As an official of Augsburg though, he guided the Augsburg Council towards the "middle way" (between wholesale reform and reactionary politics). By 1525, he declared that Luther had presented solid truths from the Scripture, but Luther's posion on some matter should be rejected. He advised the Council not to accept any statement that condemned Luther as seductive and heretical.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Amberg |first1=Joel Van |title=A Real Presence: Religious and Social Dynamics of the Eucharistic Conflicts in Early Modern Augsburg 1520-1530 |date=9 December 2011 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-21698-3 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jPlllKxpj00C&pg=PA18 |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunwoody |first1=Sean |title=Passionate Peace: Emotions and Religious Coexistence in Later Sixteenth-Century Augsburg |date=19 September 2022 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-52595-5 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DtKLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 56: / Line 66: @@
 ==External links==
-*http://www.livius.org/pen-pg/peutinger/map.html
+*https://www.livius.org/pen-pg/peutinger/map.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325035555/http://www.livius.org/pen-pg/peutinger/map.html |date=2016-03-25 }}
-*Three unknown formulas of the humanist Konrad Peutinger on [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4938829&dopt=Abstract www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
+*Three unknown formulas of the humanist Konrad Peutinger on [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4938829&dopt=Abstract www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
 *{{Cite CE1913|wstitle=Conrad Peutinger |short=x}}
-*[http://hos.ou.edu/galleries//15thCentury/Peutinger/ Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries] High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Konrad Peutinger in .jpg and .tiff format.
+*[http://hos.ou.edu/galleries//01Ancient/HeroOfAlexandria/1575//15thCentury/Peutinger/ Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries]{{dead link|date=August 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Konrad Peutinger in .jpg and .tiff format.
 {{Authority control}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Peutinger
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German historian
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = October 14, 1465
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Augsburg]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
-| DATE OF DEATH     = December 28, 1547
-| PLACE OF DEATH    = [[Augsburg]]
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Peutinger}}
 [[Category:1465 births]]
 [[Category:1547 deaths]]
-[[Category:People from Augsburg]]
+[[Category:Politicians from Augsburg]]
 [[Category:German antiquarians]]
 [[Category:German Renaissance humanists]]
 [[Category:German scholars]]
-[[Category:German male writers]]
+[[Category:German male non-fiction writers]]
+[[Category:16th-century German writers]]
+[[Category:16th-century German male writers]]
+[[Category:Writers from Augsburg]]

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Italy Czech Republic Spain Portugal Netherlands Croatia Sweden Poland Vatican Israel Belgium
Academics	CiNii
Artists	ULAN RKD Artists
People	BMLO Deutsche Biographie DDB
Other	IdRef SNAC RISM