Kurdish emirates: Difference between revisions

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The Kurdish chiefdoms or principalities (Template:Lang-ckb) were several semi-independent entities which existed during the 16th to 19th centuries during the state of continuous warfare between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran.^[1] The Kurdish principalities were almost always divided and entered into rivalries against each other.^[1] The demarcation of borders between the Safavid Shah Safi and the Ottoman caliph Sultan Murad IV in 1639 effectively divided Kurdistan between the two empires.^[1]

The eyalet of Diyarbakir was the center of the major and minor Kurdish chiefdoms. However, other Kurdish emirates existed outside of Diyarbakir.^[2]^[3]

Policy during the Ottoman-Persian Wars

The Ottomans gave the Kurds self-rule during the Ottoman-Persian wars, to ensure that the Kurds remain on the Ottoman side. After the Treaty of Erzurum in 1823 the Persian threat was reduced & the Ottomans brought the Kurdish chiefdoms under direct control.^[4]

List

Major emirates

Minor emirates

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c KurdishGlobe- Kurdish Nationalism in Mam u Zin of Ahmad-î Khânî -- (Part XII) Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
^ Kurdish notables and the Ottoman state: evolving identities, competing ..., p. 49, at Google Books By Hakan Özoğlu
^ "The Formation of Ottoman Kurdistan: Social, Economic and Political Developments in Ottoman Kurdistan before the Nineteenth Century (1514–1800)". The Formation of Ottoman Kurdistan: Social, Economic and Political Developments in Ottoman Kurdistan before the Nineteenth Century (1514–1800) (Chapter 2) - The Political Economy of the Kurds of Turkey. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Core. 2017. pp. 64–92. doi:10.1017/9781316848579.005. ISBN 9781107181236.
^ "The Ottoman conquest of Dyarbekir and the administrative organization of the province in the 16th and 17th centuries" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2023-08-14.

References

Evli̇ya Çelebi̇ in Diyarbekir: the relevant section of The seyahatname, p. 19, at Google Books By Evli̇ya Çelebi̇, Martin van Bruinessen, Hendrik Boeschoten

[kurd-globe-1] KurdishGlobe- Kurdish Nationalism in Mam u Zin of Ahmad-î Khânî -- (Part XII) Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine

[2] Kurdish notables and the Ottoman state: evolving identities, competing ..., p. 49, at Google Books By Hakan Özoğlu

[3] "The Formation of Ottoman Kurdistan: Social, Economic and Political Developments in Ottoman Kurdistan before the Nineteenth Century (1514–1800)". The Formation of Ottoman Kurdistan: Social, Economic and Political Developments in Ottoman Kurdistan before the Nineteenth Century (1514–1800) (Chapter 2) - The Political Economy of the Kurds of Turkey. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Core. 2017. pp. 64–92. doi:10.1017/9781316848579.005. ISBN 9781107181236.

[4] "The Ottoman conquest of Dyarbekir and the administrative organization of the province in the 16th and 17th centuries" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2023-08-14.

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 {{Original research|date=June 2023}}
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+[[File:Kurdish states 1835.png|thumb|Kurdish states 1835]]
 The '''Kurdish chiefdoms''' or '''principalities''' ({{Lang-ckb|میرنشینە کوردیەکان}}) were several semi-independent entities which existed during the 16th to 19th centuries during the state of [[Perpetual war|continuous warfare]] between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Safavid]] Iran.<ref name="kurd-globe">[http://www.kurdishglobe.net/display-article.html?id=01049DD6BFAED3CC91CD1C6113D2014A KurdishGlobe- Kurdish Nationalism in Mam u Zin of Ahmad-î Khânî -- (Part XII)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325015700/http://www.kurdishglobe.net/display-article.html?id=01049DD6BFAED3CC91CD1C6113D2014A |date=2012-03-25 }}</ref> The Kurdish principalities were almost always divided and entered into rivalries against each other.<ref name="kurd-globe"/> The demarcation of borders between the Safavid Shah [[Safi of Persia|Safi]] and the Ottoman caliph Sultan [[Murad IV]] in 1639 effectively divided Kurdistan between the two empires.<ref name="kurd-globe"/>