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{{Short description|Childbirth technique}}
{{Redirect|Lamaze}}
{{Redirect|Lamaze}}
{{Redirect|Lamaz|a spiritual practice|Salah}}The '''Lamaze technique''', also known as the '''psychoprophylactic method''' or simply '''Lamaze''', began as a prepared childbirth technique. As an alternative to medical intervention during [[childbirth]], it was popularized in the 1950s by French [[obstetrician]] [[Fernand Lamaze]] and based on his observations in the [[Soviet Union]]. The goal of Lamaze is to build a mother's confidence in her ability to give birth, through classes that help pregnant women understand how to cope with pain in ways that both facilitate labor and promote comfort, including [[Relaxation technique|relaxation techniques]], movement, and [[massage]].<ref name="MayoClinic">{{Cite web |date=2019-04-29 |title=Childbirth education: Get ready for labor and delivery - Mayo Clinic |website=[[Mayo Clinic]] |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20044568 |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429082025/https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20044568 |archive-date=2019-04-29 }}</ref>
{{Advert|date=January 2016}}


There is a training and certification program available to practitioners, leading to the Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educator (LCCE) designation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Certification Exam |url=http://www.lamazeinternational.org/CertificationExam |access-date=July 27, 2015 |website=Lamaze International Certifying Exam}}</ref>
The '''Lamaze technique''', also known as the '''psychoprophylactic method''' or simply '''Lamaze''', began as a prepared childbirth technique, popularized in the 1950s by [[France|French]] [[obstetrician]] Dr. [[Fernand Lamaze]] based on his observations in the [[Soviet Union]], as an alternative to medical intervention during [[childbirth]]. Lamaze has become a popular source of information about pregnancy, birth, and parenting through [[Lamaze International]].

The goal of Lamaze is to build a mother's confidence in her ability to give birth, through the presentation of classes that help pregnant women understand how to cope with pain in ways that both facilitate labor and promote comfort, including relaxation techniques, movement and massage.<ref name=MayoClinic>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pregnancy/PR00119 Childbirth education: Get ready for labor and delivery], Mayo Clinic, July 25, 2009, accessed July 10, 2011.</ref>


==History==
==History==
Dr. Lamaze was influenced by childbirth practices in the [[Soviet Union]], which involved breathing and relaxation techniques under the supervision of a ''"monitrice"'', or [[midwife]]. The Lamaze method gained popularity in the United States after Marjorie Karmel wrote about her experiences in her 1959 book ''Thank You, Dr. Lamaze'', and with the formation of the American Society for Psycho prophylaxis in Obstetrics (ASPO Lamaze). Currently Lamaze International, founded by Karmel and [[Elisabeth Bing]],<ref name="Barrow2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/health/Elisabeth-bing-mother-of-Lamaze-dies-at-100.html|title=Elisabeth Bing, 'Mother of Lamaze,' Dies at 100|work=New York Times|date=17 May 2015|accessdate=17 May 2015}}</ref> is the premier childbirth education certifying organization in the world.
Fernand Lamaze visited the [[Soviet Union]] in the 1950s, and was influenced by birthing techniques which involved breathing and relaxation methods.<ref name=":53">{{Cite book |last=Santos |first=Gonçalo |title=Chinese Village Life Today: Building Families in an Age of Transition |date=2021 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=978-0-295-74738-5 |location=Seattle |pages=114}}</ref> The Lamaze method gained popularity in the United States after Marjorie Karmel wrote about her experiences in her 1959 book ''Thank You, Dr. Lamaze'', as well as [[Elisabeth Bing]]'s book ''Six Practical Lessons for an Easier Childbirth'' (1960). Both Karmel and Bing would later found the American Society for Psychoprophylaxis in Obstetrics in 1960, later renamed to [[Lamaze International]].<ref name="Barrow2015">{{cite web |date=17 May 2015 |title=Elisabeth Bing, 'Mother of Lamaze,' Dies at 100 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/health/elisabeth-bing-mother-of-lamaze-dies-at-100.html |access-date=17 May 2015 |work=New York Times}}</ref>


⚫
==Criticism==
Modern Lamaze childbirth classes teach [[pregnancy|expectant mothers]] many ways to work with the labor process to reduce the pain associated with childbirth and promote normal (physiological) birth including the first moments after birth. Techniques include allowing labour to begin on its own, movement and positions, massage, aromatherapy, [[Heating pad|hot]] and [[cold pack]]s, breathing techniques, the use of a "birth ball" (yoga or exercise ball), spontaneous pushing, upright positions for labour and birth, breastfeeding techniques, and keeping mother and baby together after childbirth. Each class has a specific curriculum that includes learning about common medical interventions and pain relief such as an epidural in an evidence based, non-biased manner.
⚫
Lamaze himself has been criticized for being over-disciplinary and [[Antifeminism|anti-feminist]]. Natural childbirth activist [[Sheila Kitzinger]]'s description of the methods he deployed while working in a Paris clinic during the 1950s expresses concern regarding "the disciplinary nature" of Lamaze's approach to childbirth. According to Kitzinger, Lamaze consistently ranked the women's performance in childbirth from "excellent" to "complete failure" on the basis of their "restlessness and screams". Those who "failed" were, he thought, "themselves responsible because they harbored doubts or had not practiced sufficiently", and "intellectual" women who "asked too many questions" were considered by Lamaze to be the most "certain to fail".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=Jane Clare |title=Idealized and Industrialized Labor: Anatomy of a Feminist Controversy |journal=[[Hypatia (journal)|Hypatia]] |date=February 2012 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=99–117 |doi=10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01217.x |s2cid=145291619 }}{{open access}}</ref>


The Lamaze technique has also been criticized for being ineffective.<ref name="Michaels2014">{{Cite book |author=Paula A. Michaels |date=March 2014 |title=Lamaze: An International History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdjQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973864-9 |pages=87–}}</ref><ref name="Wolf2011">{{Cite book |author=Jacqueline H. Wolf |date=7 January 2011 |title=Deliver Me from Pain: Anesthesia and Birth in America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C8dZ4pwoLSAC&pg=PA157 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-1-4214-0323-6 |pages=157–}}</ref>
==The "Six Healthy Birth Practices"==
The core beliefs of Lamaze International can be summarized with their Six Healthy Birth Practices. Each is heavily sourced from medical literature to provide sound evidence for the safest possible birth for baby and mother.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} These six practices are:

# Healthy Birth Practice 1: Let labor begin on its own<ref>[http://www.lamaze.org/HBP1 Let labor begin on its own] www.lamaze.org, Retrieved 27 July 2015</ref>
# Healthy Birth Practice 2: Walk, move around and change positions throughout labor<ref>[http://www.lamaze.org/HBP2 Walk, move around and change positions throughout labor] www.lamaze.org, Retrieved 27 July 2015</ref>
# Healthy Birth Practice 3: Bring a loved one, friend or [[doula]] for continuous support<ref>[http://www.lamaze.org/HBP3 Bring a loved one, friend or doula for continuous support] www.lamaze.org, Retrieved 27 July 2015</ref>
# Healthy Birth Practice 4: Avoid interventions that are not medically necessary<ref>[http://www.lamaze.org/HBP4 Avoid interventions that are not medically necessary] www.lamaze.org, Retrieved 27 July 2015</ref>
# Healthy Birth Practice 5: Avoid giving birth on your back and follow your body's urges to push<ref>[http://www.lamaze.org/HBP5 Avoid giving birth on your back and follow your body's urges to push] www.lamaze.org, Retrieved 27 July 2015</ref>
# Healthy Birth Practice 6: Keep mother and baby together – It's best for mother, baby and breastfeeding<ref>[http://www.lamaze.org/HBP6 Keep mother and baby together – It's best for mother, baby and breastfeeding] www.lamaze.org, Retrieved 27 July 2015</ref>

Each of the practices include a video, a patient handout, and professional references for medical personnel. The Lamaze Healthy Birth Practices are available in eleven languages: English, Mandarin, Russian, Spanish, Portuguese, Czech, Polish, Romanian, Greek, Arabic, and Hebrew.<ref>[http://www.lamaze.org/p/cm/ld/fid=139 Eleven languages] www.lamaze.org, Retrieved 27 July 2015</ref>

==Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educators (LCCE)==

The Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educator (LCCE) designation is awarded to those who, after a period of learning and teaching, sit for and pass a certification exam. This exam is accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA), the only childbirth education organization to hold this designation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lamazeinternational.org/CertificationExam|website=Lamaze International Certifying Exam|accessdate=July 27, 2015|title=Certification Exam}}</ref>

⚫
==Criticism==
⚫
Lamaze himself has been criticized for being over-disciplinary and anti-feminist; "[t]he disciplinary nature" of Lamaze’s approach to childbirth is evident from [[Sheila Kitzinger]]’s description of the methods he deployed while working in a Paris clinic during the 1950s. According to Kitzinger, Lamaze consistently ranked the women’s performance in childbirth from "excellent" to "complete failure" on the basis of their "restlessness and screams". Those who "failed" were, he thought, "themselves responsible because they harbored doubts or had not practiced sufficiently", and "intellectual" women who "asked too many questions" were considered by Lamaze to be the most "certain to fail".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=Jane Clare |title=Idealized and Industrialized Labor: Anatomy of a Feminist Controversy |journal=[[Hypatia (journal)|Hypatia]]|date=February 2012 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=99–117 |doi=10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01217.x }}{{open access}}</ref> The Lamaze technique has also been criticized for being ineffective.<ref name="Michaels2014">{{cite book|author=Paula A. Michael s|title=Lamaze: An International History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdjQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|date=March 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-973864-9|pages=87–}}</ref><ref name="Wolf2011">{{cite book|author=Jacqueline H. Wolf|title=Deliver Me from Pain: Anesthesia and Birth in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C8dZ4pwoLSAC&pg=PA157|date=7 January 2011|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-1-4214-0323-6|pages=157–}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Natural childbirth]]
*[[Natural childbirth]]
*[[Lamaze International]]


==References==
==References==
'''Notes'''
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


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*[http://www.lamaze.org Official site of Lamaze International]
*[http://www.lamaze.org Official site of Lamaze International]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1595054/ Really Teaching Lamaze: Evidence-Based Practice]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1595054/ Really Teaching Lamaze: Evidence-Based Practice]
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch01409 Records of Lamaze International.] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch01409 Records of Lamaze International.] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch01473 Audiotape Collection of Lamaze International.] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch01473 Audiotape Collection of Lamaze International.] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch01437 Moving Image Collection of Lamaze International.] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch01437 Moving Image Collection of Lamaze International.] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University

{{Pregnancy|state=collapsed}}
{{Pregnancy|state=collapsed}}


Latest revision as of 10:32, 19 September 2024

"Lamaze" redirects here. For other uses, see Lamaze (disambiguation).
"Lamaz" redirects here. For a spiritual practice, see Salah.

The Lamaze technique, also known as the psychoprophylactic method or simply Lamaze, began as a prepared childbirth technique. As an alternative to medical intervention during childbirth, it was popularized in the 1950s by French obstetrician Fernand Lamaze and based on his observations in the Soviet Union. The goal of Lamaze is to build a mother's confidence in her ability to give birth, through classes that help pregnant women understand how to cope with pain in ways that both facilitate labor and promote comfort, including relaxation techniques, movement, and massage.[1]

There is a training and certification program available to practitioners, leading to the Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educator (LCCE) designation.[2]

History

[edit]

Fernand Lamaze visited the Soviet Union in the 1950s, and was influenced by birthing techniques which involved breathing and relaxation methods.[3] The Lamaze method gained popularity in the United States after Marjorie Karmel wrote about her experiences in her 1959 book Thank You, Dr. Lamaze, as well as Elisabeth Bing's book Six Practical Lessons for an Easier Childbirth (1960). Both Karmel and Bing would later found the American Society for Psychoprophylaxis in Obstetrics in 1960, later renamed to Lamaze International.[4]

Criticism

[edit]

Lamaze himself has been criticized for being over-disciplinary and anti-feminist. Natural childbirth activist Sheila Kitzinger's description of the methods he deployed while working in a Paris clinic during the 1950s expresses concern regarding "the disciplinary nature" of Lamaze's approach to childbirth. According to Kitzinger, Lamaze consistently ranked the women's performance in childbirth from "excellent" to "complete failure" on the basis of their "restlessness and screams". Those who "failed" were, he thought, "themselves responsible because they harbored doubts or had not practiced sufficiently", and "intellectual" women who "asked too many questions" were considered by Lamaze to be the most "certain to fail".[5]

The Lamaze technique has also been criticized for being ineffective.[6][7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Childbirth education: Get ready for labor and delivery - Mayo Clinic". Mayo Clinic. 2019-04-29. Archived from the original on 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
  2. ^ "Certification Exam". Lamaze International Certifying Exam. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  3. ^ Santos, Gonçalo (2021). Chinese Village Life Today: Building Families in an Age of Transition. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-295-74738-5.
  4. ^ "Elisabeth Bing, 'Mother of Lamaze,' Dies at 100". New York Times. 17 May 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  5. ^ Jones, Jane Clare (February 2012). "Idealized and Industrialized Labor: Anatomy of a Feminist Controversy". Hypatia. 27 (1): 99–117. doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01217.x. S2CID 145291619.Open access icon
  6. ^ Paula A. Michaels (March 2014). Lamaze: An International History. Oxford University Press. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-0-19-973864-9.
  7. ^ Jacqueline H. Wolf (7 January 2011). Deliver Me from Pain: Anesthesia and Birth in America. JHU Press. pp. 157–. ISBN 978-1-4214-0323-6.
[edit]
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