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{{short description|Nilo-Saharan language spoken in East Africa}}
{{distinguish|Luo dialect|Luwo language}}
{{distinguish|Dholuo{{!}}Luo dialect|Jur language{{!}}Luwo language}}
{{about||the language of Kenya and Tanzania known as Luo|Dholuo language|the unclassified language of Atta in Cameroon|Luo language (Atta)}}
{{for multi|the language of Kenya and Tanzania known as Luo|Dholuo|the unclassified language of Atta in Cameroon|Luo language (Cameroon)}}
{{Infobox language family
{{Infobox language family
|name = Luo
|name = Luo
|altname = Lwo
|altname = Lwo, Lwoo, Luwoian
|ethnicity = [[Luo peoples]]
|ethnicity = [[Luo peoples]]
|region = southwestern [[Ethiopia]], [[South Sudan]], [[Sudan]], northeastern [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo (DRC)]], northern [[Uganda]], southwestern [[Kenya]], northern [[Tanzania]]
|region = southwestern [[Ethiopia]], [[South Sudan]], [[Sudan]], northeastern [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo (DRC)]], northern [[Uganda]], southwestern [[Kenya]], northern [[Tanzania]]
|familycolor = Nilo-Saharan
|familycolor = Nilo-Saharan
|fam2 = [[Eastern Sudanic languages|Eastern Sudanic]]
|fam2 = [[Eastern Sudanic languages|Eastern Sudanic]]
|fam3 = [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]]
|fam3 = [[Southern Eastern Sudanic languages|Southern Eastern]]
|fam4 = [[Western Nilotic languages|Western]]
|fam4 = [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]]
|fam5 = [[Western Nilotic languages|Western]]
|child1 = Northern
|child1 = Northern
|child2 = [[Southern Luo|Southern]]
|child2 = [[Southern Luo language|Southern]]
|glotto = luob1235
|glotto = lwoo1234
|glottorefname = Luo–Burun
|glottorefname = Lwoo
}}
}}
The dozen '''Luo''', '''Lwo''' or '''Lwoian''' languages are spoken by the [[Luo peoples]] in an area ranging from southern [[Sudan]] to southern [[Kenya]], with [[Dholuo language|Dholuo]] extending into northern [[Tanzania]] and [[Alur language|Alur]] into the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. They form one of the two branches of the [[Western Nilotic languages|Western Nilotic]] family, the other being [[Dinka–Nuer languages|Dinka–Nuer]]. The Southern Luo varieties are [[mutually intelligible]], and apart from ethnic identity they might be considered a single language.
The dozen '''Luo''', '''Lwo''' or '''Lwoian''' languages are spoken by the [[Luo peoples]] in an area ranging from southern [[Sudan]] to western Ethiopia to southern [[Kenya]], with [[Dholuo]] extending into northern [[Tanzania]] and [[Alur language|Alur]] into the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. They form one of the two branches of the [[Western Nilotic languages|Western Nilotic]] family, the other being the [[Dinka language|Dinka]]–[[Nuer language|Nuer]]. The Southern Luo varieties are [[Mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]], and apart from ethnic identity they might be considered a single language.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}


The time depth of the division of the Luo languages is moderate, perhaps close to two millennia. The division within the [[Southern Luo]] dialect cluster is considerably shallower, perhaps five to eight centuries, reflecting migrations due to the impact of the [[Islamization of Sudan]].<ref>[[Bethwell Ogot]], ''History of the Southern Luo: Volume 1, Migration and Settlement''.</ref>
The time depth of the division of the Luo languages is moderate, perhaps close to two millennia. The division within the [[Southern Luo language]] dialect cluster is considerably shallower, perhaps five to eight centuries, reflecting migrations due to the impact of the [[Islamization of the Sudan region]].<ref>[[Bethwell Allan Ogot]], ''History of the Southern Luo: Volume 1, Migration and Settlement''.</ref>


The Luo languages are classified within the [[Glottolog]] database as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lwoo1234 |title=Glottolog 5.0 - Lwoo |date=2024-03-11 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=[[Glottolog]] |last=Hammarström |first=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506212710/glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lwoo1234 |archive-date=2024-05-06 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] |author-link=Harald Hammarström |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |publication-place=[[Leipzig]] |doi=10.5281/zenodo.7398962 |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |author-link3=Martin Haspelmath |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian |doi-access=free}}</ref>
*'''[[Southern Luo|Southern]]''' (Uganda and neighboring countries)

⚫
** [[Adhola dialect|Adhola]] (Uganda)
{{Tree list}}
⚫
** [[Kumam dialect|Kumam]] (Uganda)
⚫
* '''Lwoo'''
** Luo–Acholi
** [[Northern Luo languages|Northern Lwoo]]
⚫
*** [[Luo dialect|Dholuo]] (Kavirondo Luo) (Kenya, Tanzania)
⚫
*** [[Anuak language|Anuak]]
*** Alur–Acholi
*** [[Belanda Bor language|Belanda Bor]]
**** [[Alur dialect|Alur]] (Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo)
**** Lango–Acholi
*** Luwo–Thuri
***** [[Lango dialect|Lango]] (Uganda)
**** [[Jur language|Luwo]]
***** [[Acholi language|Acholi]] (Uganda)
**** [[Thuri language|Thuri]]
⚫
*** [[Päri language|Päri]]
⚫
*'''Northern'''
**[[Shilluk language|Shilluk]] (South Sudan)
*** [[Shilluk language|Shilluk]]
**[[Belanda Bor language|Belanda Bor]] (South Sudan)
** [[Southern Luo language|Southern Lwoo]]
*** [[Acholi dialect|Acoli]]
⚫
**[[Thuri language|Thuri]] (South Sudan)
*** Adhola–Alur–Luo
⚫
**Jur languages<ref>Reh, Mechthild (1996): ''Anywa Language: Description and Internal Reconstructions''. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, p. 5.</ref>
**** Adhola–Luo
⚫
***[[Jur language|Jur]] (South Sudan)
⚫
***** [[Adhola dialect|Adhola]]
⚫
***[[Anuak language|Anuak]] (South Sudan, Ethiopia)
⚫
***** [[Dholuo|Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)]]
⚫
***[[Päri language|Päri]] (South Sudan)
**** [[Alur language|Alur]]
*** Lango–Kumam
⚫
**** [[Kumam dialect|Kumam]]
**** [[Lango language (Uganda)|Lango (Uganda)]]
{{Tree list/end}}

⚫
According to Mechthild Reh, the Northern Luo languages are classified as follows:<ref>Reh, Mechthild (1996): ''Anywa Language: Description and Internal Reconstructions''. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, p. 5.</ref>
{{Tree list}}
* '''Northern'''
** [[Shilluk language|Shilluk]]
** [[Belanda Bor language|Belanda Bor]]
** {{Tree list/branching}}
*** Bodho
*** Col
*** Manangeer
⚫
*** [[Thuri language|Thuri]]
** {{Tree list/branching}}
⚫
*** [[Jur language|Jur]]
*** [[Anuak language|Anuak]]
*** [[Päri language|Päri]]
{{Tree list/end}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
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<references />
<references />


[[Category:Luo languages|*]]
{{Eastern Sudanic languages}}
[[Category:Luo languages| ]]
[[Category:Languages of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Languages of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Languages of South Sudan]]
[[Category:Languages of South Sudan]]
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[[Category:Languages of Kenya]]
[[Category:Languages of Kenya]]
[[Category:Languages of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Languages of Tanzania]]

{{ns-lang-stub}}

Latest revision as of 15:04, 7 May 2024

Not to be confused with Luo dialect or Luwo language.
For the language of Kenya and Tanzania known as Luo, see Dholuo. For the unclassified language of Atta in Cameroon, see Luo language (Cameroon).
Luo
Lwo, Lwoo, Luwoian
Geographic
distribution		southwestern Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, northeastern Congo (DRC), northern Uganda, southwestern Kenya, northern Tanzania
EthnicityLuo peoples
Linguistic classificationNilo-Saharan?
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologlwoo1234

The dozen Luo, Lwo or Lwoian languages are spoken by the Luo peoples in an area ranging from southern Sudan to western Ethiopia to southern Kenya, with Dholuo extending into northern Tanzania and Alur into the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They form one of the two branches of the Western Nilotic family, the other being the Dinka–Nuer. The Southern Luo varieties are mutually intelligible, and apart from ethnic identity they might be considered a single language.[citation needed]

The time depth of the division of the Luo languages is moderate, perhaps close to two millennia. The division within the Southern Luo language dialect cluster is considerably shallower, perhaps five to eight centuries, reflecting migrations due to the impact of the Islamization of the Sudan region.[1]

The Luo languages are classified within the Glottolog database as follows:[2]

According to Mechthild Reh, the Northern Luo languages are classified as follows:[3]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Gilley, Leoma G. 2004. "The Lwoian family." Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages, 9, 165–174.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Bethwell Allan Ogot, History of the Southern Luo: Volume 1, Migration and Settlement.
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2024-03-11). "Glottolog 5.0 - Lwoo". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2024-05-06. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  3. ^ Reh, Mechthild (1996): Anywa Language: Description and Internal Reconstructions. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, p. 5.
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