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Coordinates: 54°58′57″N 2°38′15″W / 54.982382°N 2.637411°W / 54.982382; -2.637411
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'''Milecastle 51 (Wall Bowers)''', one of the [[milecastle|milecastles]] on [[Hadrian's Wall]], is situated to the west of [[Birdoswald]] [[fort]], at the point where the [[Hadrian's Wall|Stone Wall]] rejoins the line of the [[Hadrian's Wall|Turf Wall]].
{{Infobox castrum
|name = Milecastle 51
|image = (The site of) Milecastle 51 (Wall Bowers) - geograph.org.uk - 1354753.jpg
|caption = The site of Milecastle 51
|alt_names =
|built_during_reign_of =
|founded =
|abandoned =
|previous_fortification =
|type = [[Milecastle]]
|province = [[Britannia]]
|limes =
|coordinates = {{coord|54.982382|-2.637411|display=inline,title}}
|altitude_m =
|altitude_ref =
|map = United Kingdom Cumbria
|map_alt =
|place_name =
|location_town =
|location_county = Cumbria
|location_country = England
|ref:UK:OSNG = {{gbmappingsmall|NY59306549}}
|discovery_year =
|condition =
|controlled_by =
|excavations =
|archaeologists =
|notes =
}}
'''Milecastle 51 (Wall Bowers)''' was a [[milecastle]] on [[Hadrian's Wall]] ({{gbmapping|NY59306549}}).


==Description==
⚫
Although not now visible, excavation showed that it has two internal stone [[barrack]] buildings. It has [[Milecastle gateways|Type III gateways]].
Milecastle 51 is west of [[Banna (Birdoswald)|Birdoswald]] [[castra|fort]] ({{gbmapping|NY59306549}}), at the point where the [[Hadrian's Wall|Stone Wall]] rejoins the line of the [[Hadrian's Wall#Turf Wall|Turf Wall]].<ref>F. Gerald Simpson and I. A. Richmond, "The Turf Wall of Hadrian, 1895–1935," ''Journal of Roman Studies'', '''25''' (1935), pp. 1–18.</ref> It lies 1501m west of [[Milecastle 50]] and 1484m east of [[Milecastle 52]]. The remains are in poor condition, consisting of turf covered foundations with traces of a ditch to the east.<ref name="pastscape1">[http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=12630 MILECASTLE 51], Pastscape, retrieved 4 December 2013</ref>


==Excavations==
⚫
The stone milecastle replaced its underlying predecessor, Milecastle 51TW on the Turf Wall.
⚫
The milecastle was excavated in 1927, 1934 and 1936.<ref name="pastscape1"/> Although not now visible, excavation showed that it had two internal stone [[barracks]] buildings. It had [[Milecastle gateways|Type III gateways]].


⚫
The stone milecastle replaced its underlying predecessor, Milecastle 51TW, on the Turf Wall.
Milecastle 51 was excavated in [[1895]].

== Associated turrets ==
[[File:Turret 51a (Piper Sike) - geograph.org.uk - 1337649.jpg|thumb|left|Turret 51A]]
[[File:Turret 51b (Lea Hill) (2) - geograph.org.uk - 1337552.jpg|thumb|left|Turret 51B]]
Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated [[Turret (Hadrian's Wall)|turret]] structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a [[Roman mile]] to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with '''Milecastle 51''' are known as '''Turret 51A''' and '''Turret 51B'''.

===Turret 51A===
'''Turret 51A (Piper Sike)''' ({{gbmapping|NY58826530}}) is of the type normally associated with the Turf Wall, and later replaced in stone.<ref name="pastscape2">[http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=12627 PIPER SIKE TURRET], Pastscape, retrieved 4 December 2013</ref> The turret was excavated in 1927 and again in 1970.<ref name="pastscape2"/> The entrance was on the east side and a substantial platform against the north wall.<ref name="pastscape2"/> Cooking hearths and rubbish were found spread over the rest of the turret.<ref name="pastscape2"/> Occupation is not believed to have continued later than the 2nd century AD.<ref name="pastscape2"/> The turret was consolidated after 1970 and survives to a maximum height of 0.8 metres.<ref name="pastscape2"/>

===Turret 51B===
{{Main|Leahill Turret, Hadrian's Wall}}
'''Turret 51B (Leahill)''' ({{gbmapping|NY58386511}}) measures 4.1 by 4.3 metres. It was excavated in 1927 and again in 1958.<ref name="pastscape3">[http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=12622 LEAHILL TURRET], Pastscape, retrieved 4 December 2013</ref> It replaced the earlier Turf Wall turret.<ref name="pastscape3"/> The stone turret has been consolidated and survives to a maximum height of 1.1 metres.<ref name="pastscape3"/>
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category multi|Turret 51A (Piper Sike)|Turret 51B (Leahill)}}
*[https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/leahill-turret-and-piper-sike-turret-hadrians-wall/ Leahill Turret and Piper Sike Turret], English Heritage

{{Milecastles}}

[[Category:Milecastles of Hadrian's Wall|51]]
[[Category:Roman sites in Cumbria]]

Latest revision as of 23:13, 11 April 2022

Milecastle 51
The site of Milecastle 51
Milecastle 51 is located in Cumbria
Milecastle 51
Location within Cumbria
TypeMilecastle
Place in the Roman world
ProvinceBritannia
Location
Coordinates54°58′57″N 2°38′15″W / 54.982382°N 2.637411°W / 54.982382; -2.637411
CountyCumbria
CountryEngland
Reference
UK-OSNG referenceNY59306549

Milecastle 51 (Wall Bowers) was a milecastle on Hadrian's Wall (grid reference NY59306549).

Description

[edit]

Milecastle 51 is west of Birdoswald fort (grid reference NY59306549), at the point where the Stone Wall rejoins the line of the Turf Wall.[1] It lies 1501m west of Milecastle 50 and 1484m east of Milecastle 52. The remains are in poor condition, consisting of turf covered foundations with traces of a ditch to the east.[2]

Excavations

[edit]

The milecastle was excavated in 1927, 1934 and 1936.[2] Although not now visible, excavation showed that it had two internal stone barracks buildings. It had Type III gateways.

The stone milecastle replaced its underlying predecessor, Milecastle 51TW, on the Turf Wall.

Associated turrets

[edit]
Turret 51A
Turret 51B

Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 51 are known as Turret 51A and Turret 51B.

Turret 51A

[edit]

Turret 51A (Piper Sike) (grid reference NY58826530) is of the type normally associated with the Turf Wall, and later replaced in stone.[3] The turret was excavated in 1927 and again in 1970.[3] The entrance was on the east side and a substantial platform against the north wall.[3] Cooking hearths and rubbish were found spread over the rest of the turret.[3] Occupation is not believed to have continued later than the 2nd century AD.[3] The turret was consolidated after 1970 and survives to a maximum height of 0.8 metres.[3]

Turret 51B

[edit]
Main article: Leahill Turret, Hadrian's Wall

Turret 51B (Leahill) (grid reference NY58386511) measures 4.1 by 4.3 metres. It was excavated in 1927 and again in 1958.[4] It replaced the earlier Turf Wall turret.[4] The stone turret has been consolidated and survives to a maximum height of 1.1 metres.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ F. Gerald Simpson and I. A. Richmond, "The Turf Wall of Hadrian, 1895–1935," Journal of Roman Studies, 25 (1935), pp. 1–18.
  2. ^ a b MILECASTLE 51, Pastscape, retrieved 4 December 2013
  3. ^ a b c d e f PIPER SIKE TURRET, Pastscape, retrieved 4 December 2013
  4. ^ a b c LEAHILL TURRET, Pastscape, retrieved 4 December 2013
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turret 51A (Piper Sike) and Turret 51B (Leahill).
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