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''Moha'' appears in the Vedic literature, and has roots in early Vedic word ''mogha'' which means "empty, unreal, vain, useless, foolish".<ref>{{cite book|author1=Thomas William Rhys Davids |author2=William Stede |title=Pali-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Guw2CnxiucC&pg=PA543 |year=1921|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1144-7|page= 542}}</ref> The term is used in theological literature such as the ''[[Manusmriti]]''.<ref>[https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/manusmriti-with-the-commentary-of-medhatithi/d/doc201032.html Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi by Ganganatha Jha], Verse 8.120, quite: लोभात् सहस्रं दण्ड्यस्तु मोहात् पूर्वं तु साहसम् ।<br>भयाद् द्वौ मध्यमौ दण्डौ मैत्रात् पूर्वं चतुर्गुणम् ॥ १२० ॥</ref> According to the ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'', ''moha'' means "foolishness" and represents a form of emotional spiritual pain.<ref>[https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc116066.html The Vishnu Purana 6.5.1-6.] Horace Hayman Wilson, www.wisdomlib.org</ref> According to Vishnu Purana verses 6.5.1-6, "the wise man investigates the three types of worldly suffering, or mental and physical suffering and the like, and attains true knowledge and detachment from human objects, attaining ultimate extinction". According to the [[Saura Purana]], ''moha'' refers to one of the five avidyas.<ref name=Moha/>
''Moha'' appears in the Vedic literature, and has roots in early Vedic word ''mogha'' which means "empty, unreal, vain, useless, foolish".<ref>{{cite book|author1=Thomas William Rhys Davids |author2=William Stede |title=Pali-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Guw2CnxiucC&pg=PA543 |year=1921|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1144-7|page= 542}}</ref> The term is used in theological literature such as the ''[[Manusmriti]]''.<ref>[https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/manusmriti-with-the-commentary-of-medhatithi/d/doc201032.html Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi by Ganganatha Jha], Verse 8.120, quite: लोभात् सहस्रं दण्ड्यस्तु मोहात् पूर्वं तु साहसम् ।<br>भयाद् द्वौ मध्यमौ दण्डौ मैत्रात् पूर्वं चतुर्गुणम् ॥ १२० ॥</ref> According to the ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'', ''moha'' means "foolishness" and represents a form of emotional spiritual pain.<ref>[https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc116066.html The Vishnu Purana 6.5.1-6.] Horace Hayman Wilson, www.wisdomlib.org</ref> According to Vishnu Purana verses 6.5.1-6, "the wise man investigates the three types of worldly suffering, or mental and physical suffering and the like, and attains true knowledge and detachment from human objects, attaining ultimate extinction". According to the [[Saura Purana]], ''moha'' refers to one of the five avidyas.<ref name=Moha/>


[[Bhagavad Gita]] verses 2.62-63 describes the process that leads to mental afflictions, including ''moha'' (delusion). It explains that attachment to sensory objects leads to desire (''kama''), and when desires are thwarted, it results in anger (''krodha''). This anger causes ''moha'', leading to the cascade of mental disturbances and cognitive distortion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moreira-Almeida |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mNo2EAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Spirituality and Mental Health Across Cultures |last2=Mosqueiro |first2=Bruno Paz |last3=Bhugra |first3=Dinesh |date=2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-884683-3 |pages=206-207 |language=en}}</ref>
[[Bhagavad Gita]] verses 2.62-63 describes the process that leads to mental afflictions, including ''moha'' (delusion). It explains that attachment (''moha'') to sensory objects leads to desire (''kama''). As the mind, fulfills some of its initial smaller desires, it keeps desiring more stuff to become greedy (''lobha''). After sometime, at some point, it eventually fails to fulfill some of its bigger desires, and then the mind gets angry (''krodha''). Finally, the mind starts envying (''matsarya'') others who have more stuff than it has.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moreira-Almeida |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mNo2EAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Spirituality and Mental Health Across Cultures |last2=Mosqueiro |first2=Bruno Paz |last3=Bhugra |first3=Dinesh |date=2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-884683-3 |pages=206-207 |language=en}}</ref>


''Moha'' refers to "confounding enemies" and, according to the ''Kakshaputatantra'', represents one of several siddhis.<ref>Kakṣapuṭatantra verse 1.11-13.</ref> According to the [[Kubjika|Kubjikamata]]-tantra, Moh is the third of the eight mothers born from the body of Vahni.<ref name="Moha" /> These eight sub-manifestations, including delusion, symbolize mental dispositions or emotions and are considered obstacles to the attainment of liberated enlightenment. They were presided over by Unmatt Bhairav.<ref name="Moha" />
''Moha'' refers to "confounding enemies" and, according to the ''Kakshaputatantra'', represents one of several siddhis.<ref>Kakṣapuṭatantra verse 1.11-13.</ref> According to the [[Kubjika|Kubjikamata]]-tantra, Moh is the third of the eight mothers born from the body of Vahni.<ref name="Moha" /> These eight sub-manifestations, including delusion, symbolize mental dispositions or emotions and are considered obstacles to the attainment of liberated enlightenment. They were presided over by Unmatt Bhairav.<ref name="Moha" />

Revision as of 14:22, 12 October 2024

Mohā (Sanskrit: मोहा), a Sanskrit word often rendered as “delusion," refers to the Hindu and Buddhist concept of ignorance that prevents the understanding of Truth.[1] Bhagavad Gita, Verse 2.52, explains moha as infatuation or attachment to maya.[2][3]

In Ayurvedic classics, hallucinations are referred to as false perceptions (mithyājñāna), illusions (maya), infatuations (moha), or confusion (bhrama).[4]

In Yoga philosophy and Hatha Yoga Pradipika, moha is described as a delusion that clouds the mind.[1] It has been cited as one of the causes of perjury.[5] It is one of the Shadripurs.[6]

Literature

Moha appears in the Vedic literature, and has roots in early Vedic word mogha which means "empty, unreal, vain, useless, foolish".[7] The term is used in theological literature such as the Manusmriti.[8] According to the Vishnu Purana, moha means "foolishness" and represents a form of emotional spiritual pain.[9] According to Vishnu Purana verses 6.5.1-6, "the wise man investigates the three types of worldly suffering, or mental and physical suffering and the like, and attains true knowledge and detachment from human objects, attaining ultimate extinction". According to the Saura Purana, moha refers to one of the five avidyas.[5]

Bhagavad Gita verses 2.62-63 describes the process that leads to mental afflictions, including moha (delusion). It explains that attachment (moha) to sensory objects leads to desire (kama). As the mind, fulfills some of its initial smaller desires, it keeps desiring more stuff to become greedy (lobha). After sometime, at some point, it eventually fails to fulfill some of its bigger desires, and then the mind gets angry (krodha). Finally, the mind starts envying (matsarya) others who have more stuff than it has.[10]

Moha refers to "confounding enemies" and, according to the Kakshaputatantra, represents one of several siddhis.[11] According to the Kubjikamata-tantra, Moh is the third of the eight mothers born from the body of Vahni.[5] These eight sub-manifestations, including delusion, symbolize mental dispositions or emotions and are considered obstacles to the attainment of liberated enlightenment. They were presided over by Unmatt Bhairav.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Moha, Definition - What does Moha mean?, www.yogapedia.com
  2. ^ Mukundananda, Swami. "BG 2.52: Chapter 2, Verse 52 – Bhagavad Gita, The Song of God – Swami Mukundananda". www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  3. ^ Soni, Ashwin. "What is Moha?". Medium. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  4. ^ Balsavar, Anuradha; Deshpande, Smita N. (2014). "Hallucinations in the classical Indian system of Ayurveda: A brief overview". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. pp. 325–329. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.146510. Retrieved 12 October 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ a b c d Moha, Mohā: 50 definitions, In Hinduism, www.wisdomlib.org
  6. ^ Shadripu, Ṣaḍripu: 2 definitions, www.wisdomlib.org
  7. ^ Thomas William Rhys Davids; William Stede (1921). Pali-English Dictionary. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 542. ISBN 978-81-208-1144-7.
  8. ^ Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi by Ganganatha Jha, Verse 8.120, quite: लोभात् सहस्रं दण्ड्यस्तु मोहात् पूर्वं तु साहसम् ।
    भयाद् द्वौ मध्यमौ दण्डौ मैत्रात् पूर्वं चतुर्गुणम् ॥ १२० ॥
  9. ^ The Vishnu Purana 6.5.1-6. Horace Hayman Wilson, www.wisdomlib.org
  10. ^ Moreira-Almeida, Alexander; Mosqueiro, Bruno Paz; Bhugra, Dinesh (2021). Spirituality and Mental Health Across Cultures. Oxford University Press. pp. 206–207. ISBN 978-0-19-884683-3.
  11. ^ Kakṣapuṭatantra verse 1.11-13.
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