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{{Copyedit|date=September 2009}}
{{Copyedit|date=September 2009}}

{{Refimprove|date=September 2009}}
[[File:Podkamien.jpeg|thumb|200px|Bullet marks on the tower of the Podkamień Abbey, stormed by UPA on 12 March 1944]]
[[File:Podkamien.jpeg|thumb|200px|Bullet marks on the tower of the Podkamień Abbey, stormed by UPA on 12 March 1944]]
[[File:Podkamien krzyz.jpg|thumb|200px|Polish graveyard in Podkamien]]
[[File:Podkamien krzyz.jpg|thumb|200px|Polish graveyard in Podkamien]]
'''Pidkamin massacre''' was committed by [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] (unit under the command of Maks Skorupsky), together with a unit of the [[14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Galicia (1st Ukrainian)]]<ref name="polskieradio.pl">[http://www.polskieradio.pl/historia/artykul.aspx?id=58130 Mikolaj Falkowski, Podkamień. Perła Kresów. Miejsce pamięci ofiar UPA. Official webpage of the Polish Radio]</ref> on Poles in the Eastern [[Galicia]]n village of [[Pidkamin]] near [[Brody]], in former [[Second Polish Republic]]'s [[Tarnopol Voivodeship]], on 12 March 1944. Estimates of victims range from 150<ref name=motyka>[[Grzegorz Motyka]], Ukraińska Partyzantka 1942-1960, Warszawa 2006</ref>{{pn}} to 600.<ref>Henryk Komański, [[Szczepan Siekierka]], ''Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w województwie tarnopolskim w latach 1939-1946''; 1182 pages, format B5, 379 illustrations, hard cover</ref>{{pn}}
'''Pidkamin massacre''' was committed by [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] (unit under the command of Maks Skorupsky), together with a unit of the [[14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Galicia (1st Ukrainian)]]<ref name="polskieradio.pl">[http://www.polskieradio.pl/historia/artykul.aspx?id=58130 Mikolaj Falkowski, Podkamień. Perła Kresów. Miejsce pamięci ofiar UPA. Official webpage of the Polish Radio]</ref> on Poles in the Eastern [[Galicia]]n village of [[Pidkamin]] near [[Brody]], in former [[Second Polish Republic]]'s [[Tarnopol Voivodeship]], on 12 March 1944. Estimates of victims range from 150<ref name=motyka>[[Grzegorz Motyka]], Ukraińska Partyzantka 1942-1960, Warszawa 2006</ref> to 600.<ref name=Siekierka>Henryk Komański, [[Szczepan Siekierka]], ''Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w województwie tarnopolskim w latach 1939-1946''; 1182 pages, format B5, 379 illustrations, hard cover</ref>


==The prelude==
==The prelude==
During the [[Massacres of Poles in Volhynia|Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Lesser Poland]], Pidkamen was a shelter for Poles from the neighbouring province of [[Volhynia]], who had escaped there to hide in the local Dominican monastery.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} They felt safe there, since the complex was surrounded by walls, furthermore, it is located on a hill, dominating the area.<ref name="polskieradio.pl"/> Around 2,000 people, the majority of whom were women and children, were living there when the monastery was attacked in March 1944, by the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]], cooperating with the Ukrainian SS. <ref name="polskieradio.pl"/>
During the [[Massacres of Poles in Volhynia|Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Lesser Poland]], Pidkamen was a shelter for Poles from the neighbouring province of [[Volhynia]], who had escaped there to hide in the local Dominican monastery.<ref name=motyka /> They felt safe there, since the complex was surrounded by walls, furthermore, it is located on a hill, dominating the area.<ref name="polskieradio.pl"/> Around 2,000 people, the majority of whom were women and children, were living there when the monastery was attacked in March 1944, by the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]], cooperating with the Ukrainian SS. <ref name="polskieradio.pl"/>


==The massacre==
==The massacre==
During the first day, the attacks were repelled by a small self-defense group.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} At night part of the population managed to escape. The next day the Ukrainians promised to save peoples' lives in exchange to surrendering the monastery. While the monastery was being left, the Ukrainians started to shoot, and got inside the complex. All civilians were butchered, including local Roman Catholic priest, father Stanislaw Fialkowski, and three Dominican monks.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=awCGOPeMPNUC&pg=RA1-PA75&dq=Podkamien+1944#v=onepage&q=Podkamien%201944&f=false Pure soldiers or sinister legion: the Ukranian 14th Waffen-SS Division By Sol Littman, page 75]</ref>{{Verify credibility|date=September 2009}} Bodies were thrown into monastic well. Afterward the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] camped in the Pidkamin town, and between the 12 to 16 March repeatedly attacked people hiding in the monastery and nearby villages. On 16 March, the Ukrainians withdrew because of the approaching [[Red Army]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
During the first day, the attacks were repelled by a small self-defense group. At night part of the population managed to escape. The next day the Ukrainians promised to save peoples' lives in exchange to surrendering the monastery. While the monastery was being left, the Ukrainians started to shoot, and got inside the complex. All civilians were butchered, including local Roman Catholic priest, father Stanislaw Fialkowski, and three Dominican monks.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=awCGOPeMPNUC&pg=RA1-PA75&dq=Podkamien+1944#v=onepage&q=Podkamien%201944&f=false Pure soldiers or sinister legion: the Ukranian 14th Waffen-SS Division By Sol Littman, page 75]</ref> Bodies were thrown into monastic well. Afterward the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] camped in the Pidkamin town, and between the 12 to 16 March repeatedly attacked people hiding in the monastery and nearby villages. On 16 March, the Ukrainians withdrew because of the approaching [[Red Army]].<ref name=Siekierka />


==The Aftermath==
==The Aftermath==
Around 100 Poles were murdered in the monastery, and additional 500 were killed in the town of Pidkamen itself.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} In the nearby village of Palikrowy, 365 Poles were killed, 20 in Maliniska and 16 in Chernytsia.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} Armed Ukrainian groups destroyed the monastery, stealing all valuables, except for the monastery's crowned icon.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} [[Tadeusz Piotrowski]] estimates the number of Poles murdered in the monastery and adjacent villages at 1000 (based on the [[Home Army]], and German Police sources).<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=AOBedgrM7BEC&pg=RA1-PA245&dq=Podkamien+1944&lr=#v=onepage&q=Podkamien%201944&f=false Genocide and rescue in Wołyń by Tadeusz Piotrowski, page 245]</ref> Among survivors of the massacre, there was a renowned writer and painter, [[Leopold Buczkowski]], whose two brothers were killed in the attack.<ref>[http://books.google.pl/books?id=s45yQSVku2oC&pg=PA339&lpg=PA339&dq=buczkowski+podkamie%C5%84&source=bl&ots=T2fC4Uj9bk&sig=toSyXdiG65mZM4c4RCZ5_VWoGbg&hl=pl&ei=nrLASab7K9yHsAaKmZC6DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#v=onepage&q=buczkowski%20podkamie%C5%84&f=false Ziemia Lwowska (Lviv Land), by Grzegorz Rakowski, page 339]</ref>
Around 100 Poles were murdered in the monastery, and additional 500 were killed in the town of Pidkamen itself. In the nearby village of Palikrowy, 365 Poles were killed, 20 in Maliniska and 16 in Chernytsia. Armed Ukrainian groups destroyed the monastery, stealing all valuables, except for the monastery's crowned icon.<ref name=Siekierka /> [[Tadeusz Piotrowski]] estimates the number of Poles murdered in the monastery and adjacent villages at 1000 (based on the [[Home Army]], and German Police sources).<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=AOBedgrM7BEC&pg=RA1-PA245&dq=Podkamien+1944&lr=#v=onepage&q=Podkamien%201944&f=false Genocide and rescue in Wołyń by Tadeusz Piotrowski, page 245]</ref> Among survivors of the massacre, there was a renowned writer and painter, [[Leopold Buczkowski]], whose two brothers were killed in the attack.<ref>[http://books.google.pl/books?id=s45yQSVku2oC&pg=PA339&lpg=PA339&dq=buczkowski+podkamie%C5%84&source=bl&ots=T2fC4Uj9bk&sig=toSyXdiG65mZM4c4RCZ5_VWoGbg&hl=pl&ei=nrLASab7K9yHsAaKmZC6DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#v=onepage&q=buczkowski%20podkamie%C5%84&f=false Ziemia Lwowska (Lviv Land), by Grzegorz Rakowski, page 339]</ref>
==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

Revision as of 08:09, 11 September 2009

Bullet marks on the tower of the Podkamień Abbey, stormed by UPA on 12 March 1944
Polish graveyard in Podkamien

Pidkamin massacre was committed by Ukrainian Insurgent Army (unit under the command of Maks Skorupsky), together with a unit of the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Galicia (1st Ukrainian)[1] on Poles in the Eastern Galician village of Pidkamin near Brody, in former Second Polish Republic's Tarnopol Voivodeship, on 12 March 1944. Estimates of victims range from 150[2] to 600.[3]

The prelude

During the Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Lesser Poland, Pidkamen was a shelter for Poles from the neighbouring province of Volhynia, who had escaped there to hide in the local Dominican monastery.[2] They felt safe there, since the complex was surrounded by walls, furthermore, it is located on a hill, dominating the area.[1] Around 2,000 people, the majority of whom were women and children, were living there when the monastery was attacked in March 1944, by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, cooperating with the Ukrainian SS. [1]

The massacre

During the first day, the attacks were repelled by a small self-defense group. At night part of the population managed to escape. The next day the Ukrainians promised to save peoples' lives in exchange to surrendering the monastery. While the monastery was being left, the Ukrainians started to shoot, and got inside the complex. All civilians were butchered, including local Roman Catholic priest, father Stanislaw Fialkowski, and three Dominican monks.[4] Bodies were thrown into monastic well. Afterward the Ukrainian Insurgent Army camped in the Pidkamin town, and between the 12 to 16 March repeatedly attacked people hiding in the monastery and nearby villages. On 16 March, the Ukrainians withdrew because of the approaching Red Army.[3]

The Aftermath

Around 100 Poles were murdered in the monastery, and additional 500 were killed in the town of Pidkamen itself. In the nearby village of Palikrowy, 365 Poles were killed, 20 in Maliniska and 16 in Chernytsia. Armed Ukrainian groups destroyed the monastery, stealing all valuables, except for the monastery's crowned icon.[3] Tadeusz Piotrowski estimates the number of Poles murdered in the monastery and adjacent villages at 1000 (based on the Home Army, and German Police sources).[5] Among survivors of the massacre, there was a renowned writer and painter, Leopold Buczkowski, whose two brothers were killed in the attack.[6]

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c Mikolaj Falkowski, Podkamień. Perła Kresów. Miejsce pamięci ofiar UPA. Official webpage of the Polish Radio
  2. ^ a b Grzegorz Motyka, Ukraińska Partyzantka 1942-1960, Warszawa 2006
  3. ^ a b c Henryk Komański, Szczepan Siekierka, Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w województwie tarnopolskim w latach 1939-1946; 1182 pages, format B5, 379 illustrations, hard cover
  4. ^ Pure soldiers or sinister legion: the Ukranian 14th Waffen-SS Division By Sol Littman, page 75
  5. ^ Genocide and rescue in Wołyń by Tadeusz Piotrowski, page 245
  6. ^ Ziemia Lwowska (Lviv Land), by Grzegorz Rakowski, page 339

See also

Sources

  • Henryk Komański, Szczepan Siekierka, Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w województwie tarnopolskim w latach 1939-1946; 1182 pages, format B5, 379 illustrations, hard cover. Pages: 362-363. Source.
  • Grzegorz Motyka, Ukraińska Partyzantka 1942-1960, Warszawa 2006. Pages: 182, 385.
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