Police, West Pomeranian Voivodeship: Difference between revisions
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{{For |Polish police force |Policja}} |
{{For |Polish police force |Policja}} |
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{{Otheruses2|Police}} |
{{Otheruses2|Police}} |
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{{Cleanup|date=July 2008}} |
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{{Infobox Settlement |
{{Infobox Settlement |
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| website = http://www.police.pl }} |
| website = http://www.police.pl }} |
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'''Police''' [{{IPA-pl|p|o|'|l|i|c|e}}] ({{lang-de|Pölitz}}; [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]/[[Pomeranian language|Pomeranian]]: ''Pòlice'') is a town in the [[ |
'''Police''' [{{IPA-pl|p|o|'|l|i|c|e}}] ({{lang-de|Pölitz}}; [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]/[[Pomeranian language|Pomeranian]]: ''Pòlice'') is a town in [[Pomerania]], northwestern [[Poland]], situated on the [[Oder River]] and an [[estuary]] of the [[Oder River]] - [[Roztoka Odrzańska]], south of the [[Lagoon of Szczecin]] and the [[Bay of Pomerania]]. The centre of Police Town is situated about 15 km north of the centre of [[Szczecin]]. There are 34.319 inhabitants (2005) in Police (34,456 inhabitants in the year 2004). |
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The name comes from Polish ''pole'', which means "[[Wiktionary:field|field]]". |
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== Districts == |
== Districts == |
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*[[Police Old Town]] |
*[[Police Old Town]] |
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*[[Mścięcino]] |
*[[Mścięcino]] |
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== History == |
== History == |
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⚫ | The settlement was first time mentioned in years [[1243]]-[[1259]]. Duke [[Barnim I|Barnim of Pomerania]] granted a local government charter to this community in [[1260]]. Soon in [[1321]] the town became a dependency of [[Szczecin]], which resulted in Police remaining a small city. The development of the town restarted in the mid 18th century. In German it was called Pölitz. |
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=== German town === |
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⚫ | The huge [[IG Farben]] Hydrierwerke AG [[Bergius process|synthetic fuel]] plant near Pölitz was a bombing target of the [[Allies (WWII)|Allied]] [[Oil Campaign of World War II]]. The plant's forced laborers came from the system of camps (Pommernlager, Nordlager, Tobruklager, Wullenwever-Lager, Arbeitserziehungslager Hägerwelle, Dürrfeld Lager). A trade ship moored on the [[Oder River]] also served as a camp (Umschulungslager Bremerhaven). Police in [[Nazism|Nazi]] times was a location for the [[Germany|German]] [[concentration camp]] Pölitz which was a subcamp of the [[Stutthof concentration camp]]. |
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⚫ | The settlement was first mentioned in |
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The city and the plant was captured on [[26 April]] [[1945]] and soon became a Russian-administered exclave within the territory of Poland. The plant was disassembled before before being sent to the [[USSR]]. The town was gradually transferred by the Soviets to Polish control (on [[7 September]] [[1946]] [[Mścięcino]], followed by Police and [[Jasienica, Police|Jasienica]] on [[19 September]]. On [[25 February]] [[1947]] the remaining parts of the plant also passed into Polish control). Subsequently, Polish settlers arrived in the region, joined by refugees from [[Greece]] and [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] in 1953. |
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Notable buildings from the German era are |
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<gallery perrow=5> |
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File:Wik 21 klasztor Police - Jasienica.jpg|Ruins of [[Jasenitz Abbey]] (14th century) |
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</gallery> |
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=== Soviet and Polish town === |
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The city with the plant was captured by the [[Red Army]] during the [[Battle of Berlin]] on [[26 April]] [[1945]]. While mostof the [[former eastern territories of Germany|former German territory]] east of the [[Oder-Neisse line]] became Polish, Pölitz remained a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-administered exclave. German slave workers had to disassemble the plant before it was sent to the [[USSR]]. Gradually, the area without the plant was given to Poland: [[Mścięcino]] (formerly ''Messenthin'') on [[7 September]] [[1946]], and Police (formerly ''Pölitz'') with [[Jasienica, Police|Jasienica]] (formerly ''Jasenitz'') on [[19 September]]. On [[25 February]] [[1947]] the plant also passed to Polish control. [[Recovered Territories|Polish settlers arrived]] in the region to replace the native [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland|population that had fled or was expelled]]. The Polish settlers were joined by refugees from [[Greece]] and [[Republic of Macedonia|Yugoslav Macedonia]] in 1953. |
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The ruins of the plant still remain standing, though they are not secured and are dangerous to visit. |
The ruins of the plant still remain standing, though they are not secured and are dangerous to visit. |
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A large chemical plant (''Zakłady Chemiczne "Police"'') was built in the town in [[1969]] and has grown since to become one of the largest in Poland. It produces mostly [[titanium dioxide]] pigments and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. |
A large chemical plant (''Zakłady Chemiczne "Police"'') was built in the town in [[1969]] and has grown since to become one of the largest in Poland. It produces mostly [[titanium dioxide]] pigments and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. |
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== Population {{Fact|date=February 2007}}== |
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==Geography and nature== |
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Police is situated on the [[Oder River]] and an [[estuary]] of the [[Oder River]] - [[Roztoka Odrzańska]], south of the [[Lagoon of Szczecin]] and the [[Bay of Pomerania]]. The centre of Police Town is situated about 15 km north of the centre of [[Szczecin]]. Police is at located in the [[Ueckermünder Heide]] ({{lang-pl|Puszcza Wkrzańska}}) with the [[Świdwie Nature Reserve]] around Lake Świdwie ({{lang-pl|Jezioro Świdwie}}) near [[Tanowo]] and [[Dobra (Powiat Policki)|Dobra]]. A [[kayak]] route follows the [[Gunica]] River from [[Węgornik]] through [[Tanowo]], [[Tatynia]] and [[Wieńkowo]] to [[Jasienica, Police|Police-Jasienica]]. At the [[Szczecin Lagoon]] (({{lang-pl|Zalew Szczeciński}}, {{lang-de|Stettiner Haff}}) is a small [[yacht]] marina on the mouth of the Łarpia River (part of [[Oder]]) - 'Olimpia'. The ruins of the synthetic petrol plant (Hydrierwerke Pölitz – Aktiengeselschaft) are now a habitat of [[bat]]s ([[Barbastelle]], [[Greater mouse-eared bat]], [[Daubenton's Bat]], [[Natterer's bat]], [[Brown long-eared bat]]). |
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== Population == |
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*1960: 8,900 |
*1960: 8,900 |
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*1970: 12,800 |
*1970: 12,800 |
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*2004: 41,400 |
*2004: 41,400 |
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== Nature, sights and tourist attractions == |
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== Infrastructure == |
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[[Image:Wik 21 klasztor Police - Jasienica.jpg|thumb|150px|Fragment of ruin of Augustinians' cloister in [[Jasienica, Police|Police-Jasienica]] (14th century)]] |
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*The [[Wkrzanska Forest]] (Wkrzanska Wilderness, Polish: Puszcza Wkrzańska, German: Ueckermünder Heide), in the area [[Świdwie Nature Reserve]] ("Swidwie" Sanctuary) (The Świdwie Lake (Polish: Jezioro Świdwie) near [[Tanowo]] and [[Dobra (Powiat Policki)|Dobra]]) |
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*[[Kayak]]-way on [[Gunica]] River from [[Węgornik]] through [[Tanowo]], [[Tatynia]] and [[Wieńkowo]] to [[Jasienica, Police|Police-Jasienica]] |
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*A small [[yacht]] marina on the Łarpia River (part of [[Oder]]) - 'Olimpia' |
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*The [[Szczecin Lagoon]] (Polish: Zalew Szczeciński, German: Stettiner Haff) in the area of Police ([[Trzebież]], [[Nowe Warpno]]) |
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;[[Natura 2000]] areas in Police and the area of the town: |
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*1) [[Police - Canals]] - Ruins of the synthetic petrol plant (Hydrierwerke Pölitz – Aktiengeselschaft) in Police are a habitat of [[bat]]s ([[Barbastelle]], [[Greater mouse-eared bat]], [[Daubenton's Bat]], [[Natterer's bat]], [[Brown long-eared bat]]). |
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*2) The [[Wkrzanska Forest]] (Wkrzanska Wilderness, Polish: Puszcza Wkrzańska, German: Ueckermünder Heide) with the [[Świdwie Nature Reserve]] ("Swidwie" Sanctuary) (The Świdwie Lake (Polish: Jezioro Świdwie) near [[Tanowo]] and [[Dobra (Powiat Policki)|Dobra]]) |
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*3) The [[Szczecin Lagoon]] (Polish: Zalew Szczeciński, German: Stettiner Haff) in the area of Police ([[Trzebież]], [[Nowe Warpno]] |
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=== Monuments in Police === |
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and in Jasienica District: |
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== Communication == |
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*Roads: |
*Roads: |
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**to [[Trzebież]] and [[Nowe Warpno]], No. 114 |
**to [[Trzebież]] and [[Nowe Warpno]], No. 114 |
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**10 [[bus]] lines in a town. Bus communication between all districts of a town, a few villages near Police ([[Trzeszczyn]], [[Tanowo]], [[Siedlice]], [[Leśno Górne]], [[Pilchowo]], [[Przęsocin]], LS to [[Trzebież]] over [[Dębostrów]], [[Niekłończyca]] and [[Uniemyśl, West Pomeranian Voivodeship|Uniemyśl]]) and [[Szczecin]] City. |
**10 [[bus]] lines in a town. Bus communication between all districts of a town, a few villages near Police ([[Trzeszczyn]], [[Tanowo]], [[Siedlice]], [[Leśno Górne]], [[Pilchowo]], [[Przęsocin]], LS to [[Trzebież]] over [[Dębostrów]], [[Niekłończyca]] and [[Uniemyśl, West Pomeranian Voivodeship|Uniemyśl]]) and [[Szczecin]] City. |
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**[[Taxicab]] |
**[[Taxicab]] |
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<gallery> |
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</gallery> |
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== Hospital == |
== Hospital == |