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Coordinates: 50°23′N 18°37′E / 50.383°N 18.617°E / 50.383; 18.617
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{{About|the village in Silesia, Poland|the village in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland|Pyskowice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship}}
{{About|the city in Silesia, Poland|the city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland|Pyskowice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pyskowice
| name = Pyskowice
Line 5: Line 5:
| image_caption = Town square with historic [[tenements]]
| image_caption = Town square with historic [[tenements]]
| image_shield = POL Pyskowice COA.svg
| image_shield = POL Pyskowice COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland#Poland Silesian Voivodeship
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
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| population_total = 18432
| population_total = 18432
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban = 2746000
| population_urban = 2746000
| population_metro = 5294000
| population_metro = 5294000
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
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| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|50|23|N|18|37|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|50|23|N|18|37|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 44-120
| postal_code = 44-120
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| blank_name_sec2 = Primary airport
| blank_name_sec2 = Primary airport
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Katowice Airport]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Katowice Airport]]
| website = http://www.pyskowice.pl/ }}
| website = http://www.pyskowice.pl/
}}
⚫
'''Pyskowice''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Pyskowice.ogg|p|y|s|k|o|'|w|J|i|c|e}} ({{langx|de|Peiskretscham}}) is a city in [[Silesia]] in southern [[Poland]], near [[Katowice]]. Outer city of the [[Metropolis GZM]] – metropolis with the population of 2 million. Located in the [[Silesian Highlands]].


⚫
It is situated in the [[Silesian Voivodeship]] since its formation in 1999, previously it was in [[Katowice Voivodeship]]. Pyskowice is one of the towns of the 2.7 million conurbation – [[Katowice urban area]] and within a greater [[Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area]] populated by about 5,294,000 people.<ref>[[European Spatial Planning Observation Network]] (ESPON) {{cite web |url=http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.html |title=Project 1.4.3 |access-date=2009-03-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728052348/http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.html |archive-date=2009-07-28 }}</ref> The population of the town is 18,432 (2019). It borders [[Gliwice]], one of the largest cities of the metropolitan area, in the south.
⚫
'''Pyskowice''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Pyskowice.ogg|p|y|s|k|o|'|w|J|i|c|e}} ({{lang-de|Peiskretscham}}) is a village in [[Silesia]] in southern [[Poland]], near [[Katowice]]. Borders on the [[Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union]] – metropolis with the population of 2 million. Located in the [[Silesian Highlands]].

⚫
It is situated in the [[Silesian Voivodeship]] since its formation in 1999, previously it was in [[Katowice Voivodeship]]. Pyskowice is one of the towns of the 2.7 million conurbation – [[Katowice urban area]] and within a greater [[Silesian metropolitan area]] populated by about 5,294,000 people.<ref>[[European Spatial Planning Observation Network]] (ESPON) {{cite web |url=http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.html |title=Project 1.4.3 |access-date=2009-03-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728052348/http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.html |archive-date=2009-07-28 }}</ref> The population of the town is 18,432 (2019). It borders [[Gliwice]], one of the largest cities of the metropolitan area, in the south.


==History==
==History==
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The name of the town comes from the [[Old Polish]] male name Pysk. The oldest known mention of Pyskowice comes from a document of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Bishop of Wrocław]] Tomasz from 1256. It was granted [[town rights]] in 1260 by Duke [[Władysław Opolski]]. The town was part of fragmented [[Piast dynasty|Piast]]-ruled [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]]. It remained part of various Polish-ruled duchies, including [[Duchy of Bytom|Bytom]], [[Duchy of Teschen|Cieszyn]], [[Duchy of Oświęcim|Oświęcim]] and [[Duchy of Opole|Opole]], until 1532 when it was incorporated to the [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian (Czech) Crown]]. In 1645, along with the Duchy of Opole, it came back under Polish rule under the [[House of Vasa]].
The name of the town comes from the [[Old Polish]] male name Pysk. The oldest known mention of Pyskowice comes from a document of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Bishop of Wrocław]] Tomasz from 1256. It was granted [[town rights]] in 1260 by Duke [[Władysław Opolski]]. The town was part of fragmented [[Piast dynasty|Piast]]-ruled [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]]. It remained part of various Polish-ruled duchies, including [[Duchy of Bytom|Bytom]], [[Duchy of Teschen|Cieszyn]], [[Duchy of Oświęcim|Oświęcim]] and [[Duchy of Opole|Opole]], until 1532 when it was incorporated to the [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian (Czech) Crown]]. In 1645, along with the Duchy of Opole, it came back under Polish rule under the [[House of Vasa]].


It was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in the 18th century, and from 1871 it was also part of [[Germany]] until 1945. In 1842, the town had a population of 3,322, mostly [[Polish people|Polish]] by nationality, and [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] by confession.<ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX|year=1888|language=pl|location=[[Warszawa]]|pages=328–329}}</ref> Despite Prussian rule, church services were still held mainly in [[Polish language|Polish]] at the time, with German services held only every fourth Sunday.<ref name=sgk/> In the 1921 [[Upper Silesia plebiscite]], 73.6% of the residents voted to remain in [[Weimar Republic|Germany]], while in the present-day district (then separate village) of Dzierżno 67.5% voted to rejoin Poland, which just regained independence following the [[First World War]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-04|title=Landsmannschaft der Oberschlesier in Karlsruhe|url=http://home.arcor.de/oberschlesien-ka/abstimmung/gleiwitz-tost.htm|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304162102/http://home.arcor.de/oberschlesien-ka/abstimmung/gleiwitz-tost.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref>
It was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in the 18th century, and from 1871 it was also part of [[Germany]] until 1945. In 1842, the town had a population of 3,322, mostly [[Polish people|Polish]] by nationality, and [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] by confession.<ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX|year=1888|language=pl|location=[[Warsaw]]|pages=328–329}}</ref> Despite Prussian rule, church services were still held mainly in [[Polish language|Polish]] at the time, with German services held only every fourth Sunday.<ref name=sgk/> In the 1921 [[Upper Silesia plebiscite]], 73.6% of the residents voted to remain in [[Weimar Republic|Germany]], while in the present-day district (then separate village) of Dzierżno 67.5% voted to rejoin Poland, which just regained independence following the [[First World War]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-04|title=Landsmannschaft der Oberschlesier in Karlsruhe|url=http://home.arcor.de/oberschlesien-ka/abstimmung/gleiwitz-tost.htm|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304162102/http://home.arcor.de/oberschlesien-ka/abstimmung/gleiwitz-tost.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref>


During the [[Second World War]], the Germans established and operated the E578 and E749 [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] subcamps of the [[Stalag VIII-B|Stalag VIII-B/344]] [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] in the town, and the E110 and E709 subcamps in the present-day district of Dzierżno.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|title=Working Parties|website=Lamsdorf.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029103834/https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|access-date=15 May 2021|archive-date=29 October 2020}}</ref> [[Canadians|Canadian]] and [[British people|British]] [[prisoners of war]] had to work there for their German captors. The Germans also operated an additional forced labour camp for [[Jews|Jewish]] men in 1942–1944.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100000298|title=Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Peiskretscham|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=15 May 2021|language=de}}</ref> In January 1945, as the Soviet armies resumed their offensive, the prisoners based in Pyskowice were marched westward in the so-called Long March or Death March. Some died from the bitter cold and exhaustion. Eventually the survivors were liberated by American troops in April or May 1945. After the war, the town became again part of Poland under its restored historic name.
During the [[Second World War]], the Germans established and operated the E578 and E749 [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] subcamps of the [[Stalag VIII-B|Stalag VIII-B/344]] [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] in the town, and the E110 and E709 subcamps in the present-day district of Dzierżno.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|title=Working Parties|website=Lamsdorf.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029103834/https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|access-date=15 May 2021|archive-date=29 October 2020}}</ref> [[Canadians|Canadian]] and [[British people|British]] [[prisoners of war]] had to work there for their German captors. The Germans also operated an additional forced labour camp for [[Jews|Jewish]] men in 1942–1944.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100000298|title=Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Peiskretscham|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=15 May 2021|language=de}}</ref> In January 1945, as the Soviet armies resumed their offensive, the prisoners based in Pyskowice were marched westward in the so-called Long March or Death March. Some died from the bitter cold and exhaustion. Eventually the survivors were liberated by American troops in April or May 1945. After the war, the town became again part of Poland under its restored historic name.
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{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
Pyskowice is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Miasta partnerskie|url=https://www.pyskowice.pl/prezentacja-gminy/miasta-partnerskie.html|website=pyskowice.pl|publisher=Pyskowice|language=pl|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref>
Pyskowice is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Miasta partnerskie|url=https://www.pyskowice.pl/prezentacja-gminy/miasta-partnerskie.html|website=pyskowice.pl|publisher=Pyskowice|language=pl|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref>
⚫
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Chervonohrad]], Ukraine
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Flörsheim am Main]], Germany
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Flörsheim am Main]], Germany
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[La Ricamarie]], France
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[La Ricamarie]], France
⚫
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Sheptytskyi]], Ukraine


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Gliwice County]]
[[Category:Gliwice County]]
[[Category:Nazi war crimes in Poland]]
[[Category:Sites of Nazi war crimes in Poland]]

Latest revision as of 01:37, 28 October 2024

This article is about the city in Silesia, Poland. For the city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, see Pyskowice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
Pyskowice
Town square with historic tenements
Town square with historic tenements
Coat of arms of Pyskowice
Coat of arms
Pyskowice is located in Poland
Pyskowice
Pyskowice
Coordinates: 50°23′N 18°37′E / 50.383°N 18.617°E / 50.383; 18.617
Country Poland
Voivodeship Silesian
CountyGliwice
GminaPyskowice (urban gmina)
First mentioned1256
Government
 • MayorAdam Wójcik
Area
 • City
31.89 km2 (12.31 sq mi)
Population
 (2019-06-30[1])
 • City
18,432
 • Density580/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
 • Urban
2,746,000
 • Metro
5,294,000
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
44-120
Car platesSGL
ClimateCfb
Primary airportKatowice Airport
Websitehttp://www.pyskowice.pl/

Pyskowice [pɨskɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ⓘ (German: Peiskretscham) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Outer city of the Metropolis GZM – metropolis with the population of 2 million. Located in the Silesian Highlands.

It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously it was in Katowice Voivodeship. Pyskowice is one of the towns of the 2.7 million conurbation – Katowice urban area and within a greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people.[2] The population of the town is 18,432 (2019). It borders Gliwice, one of the largest cities of the metropolitan area, in the south.

History

[edit]
Saint Nicholas Church and the parish house

The name of the town comes from the Old Polish male name Pysk. The oldest known mention of Pyskowice comes from a document of Bishop of Wrocław Tomasz from 1256. It was granted town rights in 1260 by Duke Władysław Opolski. The town was part of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. It remained part of various Polish-ruled duchies, including Bytom, Cieszyn, Oświęcim and Opole, until 1532 when it was incorporated to the Bohemian (Czech) Crown. In 1645, along with the Duchy of Opole, it came back under Polish rule under the House of Vasa.

It was annexed by Prussia in the 18th century, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany until 1945. In 1842, the town had a population of 3,322, mostly Polish by nationality, and Catholic by confession.[3] Despite Prussian rule, church services were still held mainly in Polish at the time, with German services held only every fourth Sunday.[3] In the 1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite, 73.6% of the residents voted to remain in Germany, while in the present-day district (then separate village) of Dzierżno 67.5% voted to rejoin Poland, which just regained independence following the First World War.[4]

During the Second World War, the Germans established and operated the E578 and E749 forced labour subcamps of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the town, and the E110 and E709 subcamps in the present-day district of Dzierżno.[5] Canadian and British prisoners of war had to work there for their German captors. The Germans also operated an additional forced labour camp for Jewish men in 1942–1944.[6] In January 1945, as the Soviet armies resumed their offensive, the prisoners based in Pyskowice were marched westward in the so-called Long March or Death March. Some died from the bitter cold and exhaustion. Eventually the survivors were liberated by American troops in April or May 1945. After the war, the town became again part of Poland under its restored historic name.

In 1984, town limits were expanded by including Mikuszowina as a new district.[7]

Transport

[edit]

Polish National roads 40 and 94, and the Voivodeship road 901 run through the town, and the A1 and A4 motorways run nearby, within the metropolitan area.

There is a railway station in Pyskowice.

Culture

[edit]

There is a railway museum (Skansen Taboru Kolejowego) in Pyskowice.[8]

Sports

[edit]

The local football club is Czarni Pyskowice.[9] It competes in the lower leagues.

Notable people

[edit]
See also: Category:People from Pyskowice

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Pyskowice is twinned with:[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  2. ^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON) "Project 1.4.3". Archived from the original on 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
  3. ^ a b Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX (in Polish). Warsaw. 1888. pp. 328–329.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ "Landsmannschaft der Oberschlesier in Karlsruhe". 2016-03-04. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
  5. ^ "Working Parties". Lamsdorf.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  6. ^ "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Peiskretscham". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  7. ^ Rozporządzenie Ministra Administracji i Gospodarki Przestrzennej z dnia 3 marca 1984 r. w sprawie zmiany granic niektórych miast w województwach: katowickim, kieleckim, legnickim, radomskim i wrocławskim., Dz. U., 1984, vol. 14, No. 64
  8. ^ "Skansen Taboru Kolejowego". Stacja Pyskowice (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  9. ^ "Czarni Pyskowice - strona klubu" (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  10. ^ "Miasta partnerskie". pyskowice.pl (in Polish). Pyskowice. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
[edit]
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