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''For the 2012 Indian film, see [[Rachcha]]''
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}

{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Racha
| name = Racha
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| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| image_map = RachaHistorical.svg
| image_map = Historical Racha in modern international borders of Georgia.svg
| mapsize =
| mapsize =
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
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| map_alt1 =
| map_alt1 =
| map_caption1 =
| map_caption1 =
| latd = |latm = |lats = |latNS =
| coordinates =
| longd = |longm = |longs = |longEW =
| coordinates_type =
| coordinates_display = title
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Mkhare]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Mkhare]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti]]
| seat = [[Oni]]
| seat = [[Oni, Georgia|Oni]]
| seat_type = Capital
| seat_type = Capital
| leader_party =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_name =
| area_total_km2 = 2854
| area_total_km2 = 2,893
| population_total = 25,000
| population_total = 15,000
| population_as_of =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
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}}
}}


'''Racha''' (also '''Ratcha''', {{Lang-ka|რაჭა}}, ''Račʼa'') is a highland area in western [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], located in the upper [[Rioni river|Rioni river valley]] and hemmed in by the [[Greater Caucasus]] mountains. Under Georgia’s current subdivision, Racha is included in the [[Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti]] region ([[mkhare]]) as the municipalities of [[Oni, Georgia|Oni]] and [[Ambrolauri]].
'''Racha''' (also '''Račha''', {{Lang-ka|რაჭა}}, ''Račʼa,'' {{Lang-os|Рацъ|translit=Rach}}) is a highland area in western [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], located in the upper [[Rioni river|Rioni river valley]] and hemmed in by the [[Greater Caucasus]] mountains. Under Georgia's current subdivision, Racha is included in the [[Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti]] region ([[mkhare]]) as the municipalities of [[Oni, Georgia|Oni]] and [[Ambrolauri]].


Racha occupies 2,854 km<sup>2</sup> in the north-eastern corner of western Georgia. Spurs of the Greater Caucasus crest separates Racha from the Georgian historical regions of [[Svaneti]] and [[Lechkhumi]] on the north-west and from [[Imereti]] on the south, while the main Caucasus ridge forms a boundary with [[Russia]]’s [[North Ossetia]]. On the east, Racha is bordered by breakaway [[South Ossetia]], officially part of Georgia’s [[Shida Kartli]] region.
Racha occupies 2,854&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> in the north-eastern corner of western Georgia. Spurs of the Greater Caucasus crest separates Racha from the Georgian historical regions of [[Svaneti]] and [[Lechkhumi]] on the north-west and from [[Imereti]] on the south, while the main Caucasus ridge forms a boundary with [[Russia]]’s [[North Ossetia]]. On the east, Racha is bordered by breakaway [[South Ossetia]], officially part of Georgia's [[Shida Kartli]] region.


==History==
==History==
{{Seealso|Duchy of Racha}}
{{See also|Duchy of Racha}}
[[Image:Gamba- the fortress in ratcha.JPG|thumb|200px|left|An old fortress in Racha in the 19th century.]]
[[Image:Gamba- the fortress in ratcha.JPG|thumb|200px|left|An old fortress in Racha in the 19th century.]]
Racha had been part of [[Colchis]] and [[Caucasian Iberia]] since ancient times and its main town [[Oni, Georgia|Oni]] was said to have been founded by King [[Parnajom of Iberia]] in the 2nd century BC. Upon creation of the unified Georgian kingdom in the 11th century, Racha became one of the duchies (saeristavo) within it. Rati of the [[Baghvashi]] family was the first duke ([[eristavi]]) appointed by King [[Bagrat III of Georgia|Bagrat III]]. Descendants of Rati and his son Kakhaber, eponymous father of Racha’s ruling dynasty of [[Kakhaberisdze]], governed the province until 1278. In 1278 King [[David VI Narin]] abolished the duchy during his war against the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]]. In the mid-14th century, the duchy was restored under the rule of the Tcharelidze family.
Racha had been part of [[Colchis]] and [[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Caucasian Iberia]] since ancient times and its main town [[Oni, Georgia|Oni]] was said to have been founded by King [[Parnajom of Iberia]] in the 2nd century BC. Upon the creation of the unified Georgian kingdom in the 11th century, Racha became one of the duchies (saeristavo) within it. Rati of the [[Baghvashi]] family was the first duke ([[eristavi]]) appointed by King [[Bagrat III of Georgia|Bagrat III]]. Descendants of Rati and his son Kakhaber, eponymous father of Racha's ruling dynasty of [[Kakhaberisdze]], governed the province until 1278. In 1278 King [[David VI Narin]] abolished the duchy during his war against the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]]. In the mid-14th century, the duchy was restored under the rule of the Charelidze family.


The next dynasty of [[Chkhetidze]] governed Racha from 1465 to 1769. Vassals of the [[Kingdom of Imereti|King]] of [[Imereti]], they revolted several times against the royal power. The 1678-1679 civil war resulted in the most serious consequences. In this war, Duke Shoshita II of Racha (1661-1684) supported Prince [[Archil II of Imereti|Archil]], a rival of the pro-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Imeretian king [[Bagrat IV of Imereti|Bagrat IV]]. On the defeat of Archil, Racha was overrun and plundered by an Ottoman punitive force. Under Rostom (1749-1769), the duchy became virtually independent from [[Imereti]]. However, towards the end of 1769, King [[Solomon I of Imereti]] managed to arrest Rostom and to abolish the duchy. In 1784, King [[David of Imereti]] revived the duchy and gave it to his nephew Anton. Local opposition attempted to use an Ottoman force to take control of Racha, but the victory of King David at Skhvava (January 26, 1786) temporarily secured his dominance in the area. In 1789, the next Imeretian king [[Solomon II of Imereti|Solomon II]] finally abolished the duchy and subordinated the province directly to the royal administration.
The next dynasty of [[Chkhetidze]] governed Racha from 1465 to 1769. Vassals of the [[Kingdom of Imereti|King]] of [[Imereti]], they revolted several times against the royal power. The 1678–1679 civil war resulted in the most serious consequences. In this war, Duke Shoshita II of Racha (1661–1684) supported Prince [[Archil II of Imereti|Archil]], a rival of the pro-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Imeretian king [[Bagrat IV of Imereti|Bagrat IV]]. On the defeat of Archil, Racha was overrun and plundered by an Ottoman punitive force. Under Rostom (1749–1769), the duchy became virtually independent from [[Imereti]]. However, towards the end of 1769, King [[Solomon I of Imereti]] managed to arrest Rostom and to abolish the duchy. In 1784, King [[David II of Imereti]] revived the duchy and gave it to his nephew Anton. Local opposition attempted to use an Ottoman force to take control of Racha, but the victory of King David at Skhvava (January 26, 1786) temporarily secured his dominance in the area. In 1789, the next Imeretian king [[Solomon II of Imereti|Solomon II]] finally abolished the duchy and subordinated the province directly to the royal administration.

== Genetics ==
Out of the tested Rachian last names, the most common [[Y-chromosomal haplogroup]] among the Rachians is [[Haplogroup G-FGC7535|G2a]] (64%), in the second place is the Y-chromosomal haplogroup J2a (22%)<ref>{{Cite web |title=FamilyTreeDNA - Georgian DNA Project |url=https://www.familytreedna.com/public/georgia/default.aspx?section=yresults |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=www.familytreedna.com}}</ref>.[https://geodna.ge/surnames/]


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
[[Prokofy Dzhaparidze]] (Alesha) - a [[communist]] revolutioner and one of the [[26 Baku Commissars]].
* [[Prokofy Dzhaparidze]] (Alyosha), a [[communist]] revolutionary and one of the [[26 Baku Commissars]].
* [[Nona Gaprindashvili]] - is a Georgian chess [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]]. She was the first woman ever to be awarded the [[FIDE]] title of Grandmaster.
* [[David Gobejishvili]] - is a former Soviet (Georgian) wrestler and Olympic champion in Freestyle wrestling.
* [[Kosta Maisuradze]] - Soviet wrestler
* [[Ketevan Svanidze]], first wife of [[Joseph Stalin]]
* [[Alexander Svanidze]], Stalin's brother-in-law; executed in 1941


==See also==
==See also==
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* [[Barakoni]]
* [[Barakoni]]
* [[1991 Racha earthquake]]
* [[1991 Racha earthquake]]
* [[Gebi]]
* [[Gebi, Georgia|Gebi]]
* [[Shovi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

<br />{{Historical regions of Georgia}}
<br />{{Historical regions of Georgia}}

<!--Catrgories-->


{{coord|42|38|10|N|43|26|10|E|region:GE_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}
{{coord|42|38|10|N|43|26|10|E|region:GE_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}


⚫
[[Category:Racha| ]]
[[Category:Former provinces of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Former provinces of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Historical regions of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Historical regions of Georgia (country)]]
⚫
[[Category:Racha]]

<!--Other languages-->

[[ca:Ratxa]]
[[de:Ratscha]]
[[os:Рацъ]]
[[it:Racha]]
[[he:רצ'ה]]
[[ka:რაჭა]]
[[xmf:რაჭა]]
[[nl:Ratsja]]
[[ru:Рача]]
[[fi:Ratša]]
[[tr:Raça]]
[[uk:Рача]]

Latest revision as of 20:08, 12 April 2024

Racha
რაჭა
Historical Region
Map highlighting the historical region of Racha in Georgia
Map highlighting the historical region of Racha in Georgia
Country Georgia
MkhareRacha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti
CapitalOni
Area
 • Total2,893 km2 (1,117 sq mi)
Population
 • Total15,000
 • Density5.2/km2 (13/sq mi)

Racha (also Račha, Georgian: რაჭა, Račʼa, Ossetian: Рацъ, romanized: Rach) is a highland area in western Georgia, located in the upper Rioni river valley and hemmed in by the Greater Caucasus mountains. Under Georgia's current subdivision, Racha is included in the Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti region (mkhare) as the municipalities of Oni and Ambrolauri.

Racha occupies 2,854 km2 in the north-eastern corner of western Georgia. Spurs of the Greater Caucasus crest separates Racha from the Georgian historical regions of Svaneti and Lechkhumi on the north-west and from Imereti on the south, while the main Caucasus ridge forms a boundary with Russia’s North Ossetia. On the east, Racha is bordered by breakaway South Ossetia, officially part of Georgia's Shida Kartli region.

History

[edit]
See also: Duchy of Racha
An old fortress in Racha in the 19th century.

Racha had been part of Colchis and Caucasian Iberia since ancient times and its main town Oni was said to have been founded by King Parnajom of Iberia in the 2nd century BC. Upon the creation of the unified Georgian kingdom in the 11th century, Racha became one of the duchies (saeristavo) within it. Rati of the Baghvashi family was the first duke (eristavi) appointed by King Bagrat III. Descendants of Rati and his son Kakhaber, eponymous father of Racha's ruling dynasty of Kakhaberisdze, governed the province until 1278. In 1278 King David VI Narin abolished the duchy during his war against the Mongols. In the mid-14th century, the duchy was restored under the rule of the Charelidze family.

The next dynasty of Chkhetidze governed Racha from 1465 to 1769. Vassals of the King of Imereti, they revolted several times against the royal power. The 1678–1679 civil war resulted in the most serious consequences. In this war, Duke Shoshita II of Racha (1661–1684) supported Prince Archil, a rival of the pro-Ottoman Imeretian king Bagrat IV. On the defeat of Archil, Racha was overrun and plundered by an Ottoman punitive force. Under Rostom (1749–1769), the duchy became virtually independent from Imereti. However, towards the end of 1769, King Solomon I of Imereti managed to arrest Rostom and to abolish the duchy. In 1784, King David II of Imereti revived the duchy and gave it to his nephew Anton. Local opposition attempted to use an Ottoman force to take control of Racha, but the victory of King David at Skhvava (January 26, 1786) temporarily secured his dominance in the area. In 1789, the next Imeretian king Solomon II finally abolished the duchy and subordinated the province directly to the royal administration.

Genetics

[edit]

Out of the tested Rachian last names, the most common Y-chromosomal haplogroup among the Rachians is G2a (64%), in the second place is the Y-chromosomal haplogroup J2a (22%)[1].[1]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "FamilyTreeDNA - Georgian DNA Project". www.familytreedna.com. Retrieved 2024-02-17.


42°38′10″N 43°26′10″E / 42.63611°N 43.43611°E / 42.63611; 43.43611

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