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{{Short description|Species of legume}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| color = lightgreen
⚫
|image = Sophoracassioides14.jpg
| name = Pelú
⚫
|status = NT
⚫
| image = Sophoracassioides14.jpg
⚫
|status_system = IUCN3.1
| image_width = 240px
|status_ref =
⚫
| status = NT
⚫
|genus = Sophora
⚫
| status_system = iucn3.1
⚫
|species = cassioides
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
|authority = ([[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Phil.]]) [[Benkt Sparre|Sparre]]
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="Heenan">{{cite journal | author = Heenan PB. | year = 2001 | title = The correct name for Chilean ''pelú'' (Fabaceae): the identity of ''Edwardsia macnabiana'' and the reinstatement of ''Sophora cassioides'' | journal = [[New Zealand Journal of Botany|New Zealand J Bot]] | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 167–170 | doi = 10.1080/0028825X.2001.9512725 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
|synonyms = * ''Edwardsia macnabiana'' <small>Graham</small>
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
* ''Edwardsia cassioides'' <small>F.Phil.</small>
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
⚫
* ''Sophora macnabiana'' <small>(Grah.) [[Carl Skottsberg|Skottsb.]]</small>
⚫
| genus = ''[[Sophora]]''
* ''Sophora microphylla'' subsp. ''macnabiana'' <small>(Graham) [[Gennady Yakovlev|Yakovlev]]</small>
⚫
| species = '''''S. cassioides'''''
* ''Sophora tetraptera'' <small>''sensu'' [[Karl Friedrich Reiche|Reiche]]</small>
| binomial = ''Sophora cassioides''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Phil.]]) [[Benkt Sparre|Sparre.]]
}}
}}
⚫
'''Sophora cassioides''' (syn S. macnabiana (Grah.)[[Carl Skottsberg|Skottsb.]])


'''''Sophora cassioides''''' is a legume tree endemic to central and southern Chile.<ref name="Heenan" /> It is one of the two species of ''Sophora'' endemic to [[continental Chile]] along with ''[[Sophora macrocarpa]]'' (other species are endemic to [[insular Chile]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rodriguez |first=Roberto |last2=Marticorena |first2=Clodomiro |last3=Alarcón |first3=Diego |last4=Baeza |first4=Carlos |last5=Cavieres |first5=Lohengrin |last6=Finot |first6=Víctor L. |last7=Fuentes |first7=Nicol |last8=Kiessling |first8=Andrea |last9=Mihoc |first9=Maritza |last10=Pauchard |first10=Aníbal |last11=Ruiz |first11=Eduardo |last12=Sanchez |first12=Paulina |last13=Marticorena |first13=Alicia |last14=Rodriguez |first14=Roberto |last15=Marticorena |first15=Clodomiro |date=2018 |title=Catalogue of the vascular plants of Chile |url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0717-66432018000100001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |journal=Gayana Botánica |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=1–430 |doi=10.4067/S0717-66432018000100001 |issn=0717-6643|doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Taxonomy==

''Sophora cassioides'' has been considered in earlier treatment as ''S.macnabiana'' or as subspecies of ''S.microphylla'' Ait. (''S.microphylla'' subsp. ''macnabiana'' [[Gennady Yakovlev|Yakovlev]])and even as part of the large-leaved kowhai ''S.tetraptera'' J.F.Mill. (e.g. ''S.tetraptera'' sensu Reiche).
==Source==
==Distribution==
It is an endemic from South Chile and [[Gough Island]].<ref>'''Wace NM.''' 1961. ''The Vegetation of Gough Island Ecological Monographs'', 31: 337–367.</ref> In South America it is found between [[Constitución, Chile|Constitución]] and [[Puyuhuapi (volcanic group)|Puyuhuapi]]. It prefers shady places in Myrtaceae stands, alongside ''[[Drimys]]'', ''[[Caldcluvia]]'', and other hygrophyllous species. Putative hybrids with ''Sophora macrocarpa'' have been described at Bullileo (Linares). It is also found in coastal areas associated with the ''[[Peumus boldus]]''–''[[Persea lingue]]'' alliance.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Smith-Ramírez C, Armesto JJ, Valdovinos C | year = 2005 | title = Historia, biodiversidad y ecología de los bosques costeros de Chile |trans-title=History, biodiversity, and ecology of the coastal forests of Chile | language = Spanish | location = Santiago, Chile | publisher = Editorial Universitaria | pages = 708 | isbn = 9789561117778 }}</ref>
Heenan PB., Lange PJ de, Wilton AD. 2001. Sophora (Fabaceae) in New Zealand taxonomy, distribution, and biogeography. ''New Zealand J. Bot.'' 39: 17-53

==Phylogeny==
''Sophora'' represents a [[polyphyly|polyphyletic assemblage]]. Series Tetrapterae (''sensu'' Tsoong & Ma<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=((Tsoong P-C)), ((Ma C-Y)) | year = 1981 | title = A study on the genus ''Sophora'' Linn. | url = http://www.plantsystematics.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/FL19-1-1.pdf | journal = [[Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica|Acta Phytotaxon Sin]] | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–22 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=((Tsoong P-C)), ((Ma C-Y)) | year = 1981 | title = A study on the genus ''Sophora'' Linn. (Cont.) | url = http://www.plantsystematics.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/FL19-2-1.pdf | journal = [[Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica|Acta Phytotaxon Sin]] | volume = 19 | issue = 2 | pages = 143–167 }}</ref>), including ''Sophora cassioides'' and ''Sophora macrocarpa'', forms a [[monophyly|monophyletic group]] with Eurasian species like as ''[[Sophora flavescens]]'' <small>Ait.</small> and Asian ''[[Sophora alopecuroides]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>, suggesting a west or northwest [[Pacific]] origin.<ref name="Hurr">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hurr KA, Lockhart PJ, Heenan PB, Penny D | year = 1999 | title = Evidence for the recent dispersal of ''Sophora'' (Leguminosae) around the Southern Oceans: molecular data | journal = [[Journal of Biogeography|J Biogeogr]] | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 565–577 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00302.x | jstor = 2656144 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Heenan PB, de Lange PJ, Wilton AD | year = 2001 | title = ''Sophora'' (Fabaceae) in New Zealand: taxonomy, distribution, and biogeography | journal = [[New Zealand Journal of Botany|New Zealand J Bot]] | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–53 | doi = 10.1080/0028825X.2001.9512715 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Michell AB, Heenan PB | year = 2002 | title = ''Sophora'' sect. ''Edwardsia'' (Fabaceae): further evidence from nrDNA sequence data of a recent and rapid radiation around the Southern Oceans | journal = [[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|Bot J Linn Soc]] | volume = 140 | issue = 4 | pages = 435–441 | doi = 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00101.x | doi-access = free }}</ref> The genus ''Sophora'' is estimated to have arrived in New Zealand 9.6–8.9 million years ago (in the [[Neogene]]).<ref name="Hurr" />

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3237144}}

[[Category:Sophora|cassioides]]
[[Category:Trees of Chile]]
[[Category:Near threatened plants]]


{{Sophoreae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:44, 12 February 2024

Sophora cassioides
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Sophora
Species:
S. cassioides
Binomial name
Sophora cassioides
Synonyms[1]
  • Edwardsia macnabiana Graham
  • Edwardsia cassioides F.Phil.
  • Sophora macnabiana (Grah.) Skottsb.
  • Sophora microphylla subsp. macnabiana (Graham) Yakovlev
  • Sophora tetraptera sensu Reiche

Sophora cassioides is a legume tree endemic to central and southern Chile.[1] It is one of the two species of Sophora endemic to continental Chile along with Sophora macrocarpa (other species are endemic to insular Chile).[2]

Distribution

[edit]

It is an endemic from South Chile and Gough Island.[3] In South America it is found between Constitución and Puyuhuapi. It prefers shady places in Myrtaceae stands, alongside Drimys, Caldcluvia, and other hygrophyllous species. Putative hybrids with Sophora macrocarpa have been described at Bullileo (Linares). It is also found in coastal areas associated with the Peumus boldus–Persea lingue alliance.[4]

Phylogeny

[edit]

Sophora represents a polyphyletic assemblage. Series Tetrapterae (sensu Tsoong & Ma[5][6]), including Sophora cassioides and Sophora macrocarpa, forms a monophyletic group with Eurasian species like as Sophora flavescens Ait. and Asian Sophora alopecuroides L., suggesting a west or northwest Pacific origin.[7][8][9] The genus Sophora is estimated to have arrived in New Zealand 9.6–8.9 million years ago (in the Neogene).[7]

Notes and references

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Heenan PB. (2001). "The correct name for Chilean pelú (Fabaceae): the identity of Edwardsia macnabiana and the reinstatement of Sophora cassioides". New Zealand J Bot. 39 (1): 167–170. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2001.9512725.
  2. ^ Rodriguez, Roberto; Marticorena, Clodomiro; Alarcón, Diego; Baeza, Carlos; Cavieres, Lohengrin; Finot, Víctor L.; Fuentes, Nicol; Kiessling, Andrea; Mihoc, Maritza; Pauchard, Aníbal; Ruiz, Eduardo; Sanchez, Paulina; Marticorena, Alicia; Rodriguez, Roberto; Marticorena, Clodomiro (2018). "Catalogue of the vascular plants of Chile". Gayana Botánica. 75 (1): 1–430. doi:10.4067/S0717-66432018000100001. ISSN 0717-6643.
  3. ^ Wace NM. 1961. The Vegetation of Gough Island Ecological Monographs, 31: 337–367.
  4. ^ Smith-Ramírez C, Armesto JJ, Valdovinos C (2005). Historia, biodiversidad y ecología de los bosques costeros de Chile [History, biodiversity, and ecology of the coastal forests of Chile] (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Universitaria. p. 708. ISBN 9789561117778.
  5. ^ Tsoong P-C, Ma C-Y (1981). "A study on the genus Sophora Linn" (PDF). Acta Phytotaxon Sin. 19 (1): 1–22.
  6. ^ Tsoong P-C, Ma C-Y (1981). "A study on the genus Sophora Linn. (Cont.)" (PDF). Acta Phytotaxon Sin. 19 (2): 143–167.
  7. ^ a b Hurr KA, Lockhart PJ, Heenan PB, Penny D (1999). "Evidence for the recent dispersal of Sophora (Leguminosae) around the Southern Oceans: molecular data". J Biogeogr. 26 (3): 565–577. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00302.x. JSTOR 2656144.
  8. ^ Heenan PB, de Lange PJ, Wilton AD (2001). "Sophora (Fabaceae) in New Zealand: taxonomy, distribution, and biogeography". New Zealand J Bot. 39 (1): 17–53. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2001.9512715.
  9. ^ Michell AB, Heenan PB (2002). "Sophora sect. Edwardsia (Fabaceae): further evidence from nrDNA sequence data of a recent and rapid radiation around the Southern Oceans". Bot J Linn Soc. 140 (4): 435–441. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00101.x.


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