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|pop_latest_ref=<ref name=" |
|pop_latest_ref=<ref name="2018Est">Office of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]] for Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. [http://habstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/habstat/resources/62f1a600408e9886a05deb4d45abe5e4/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2018+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.doc Численность населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> |
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'''Tavayvaam''' ({{ |
'''Tavayvaam''' ({{langx|ru|Тавайва́ам}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural locality]] (a ''[[village#Russia|selo]]'') under the administrative jurisdiction of the [[city of federal subject significance|town of okrug significance]] of [[Anadyr (town)|Anadyr]] in [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]], [[Russia]].<ref name="ChukotkaAO_admlist">Directive #517-rp</ref> Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|framework of municipal divisions]], it is a part of Anadyr Urban Okrug.<ref name="Ref340">Law #40-OZ</ref> Its population of 472 (as of the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]])<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref><ref name="2010Note">This figure is given for all rural population of Anadyr Urban Okrug, a municipal formation of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. According to Law 40-OZ, Tavayvaam is the only rural locality on the territory of this municipal formation.</ref> is predominantly indigenous [[Chukchi people|Chukchi]] and [[Yupik peoples|Yupik]] people.<ref name="Gray130">Gray, p. 130</ref> |
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== |
== Geography == |
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The settlement is located in the mouth area of [[Onemen Bay]].<ref>''Onemen'' // Dictionary of the names of hydrographic objects of Russia and other countries – members of the CIS / ed. G.I. Donidze. – M .: Kartgeotsentr – Geodezizdat, 1999. – S. 323. – {{ISBN|5-86066-017-0}} .</ref> |
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== Etymology == |
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The locality's name is of [[Chukchi language|Chukchi]] origin and literally means ''river on which one rides''.<ref name="TopoDic">В. В. Леонтьев и К. А. Новикова (V. V. Leontyev and K. A. Novikova). "Топонимический словарь северо-востока СССР" (''Toponymic Dictionary of the Northeastern USSR''). Magadan, 1989, pp. 348–349</ref> |
The locality's name is of [[Chukchi language|Chukchi]] origin and literally means ''river on which one rides''.<ref name="TopoDic">В. В. Леонтьев и К. А. Новикова (V. V. Leontyev and K. A. Novikova). "Топонимический словарь северо-востока СССР" (''Toponymic Dictionary of the Northeastern USSR''). Magadan, 1989, pp. 348–349</ref> |
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==Economy== |
== Economy == |
||
The economy is driven primarily by traditional activities. [[Reindeer]] farming used to be the main occupation, but following the economic crisis caused by the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] all the reindeer owned by the residents were lost. The effects of this loss can still be seen as around 20% of the population are unemployed. The lack of reindeer mean that the economy is instead now supported by fishing, seasonal labor, and the production of traditional indigenous crafts for sale to tourists and to the population of nearby Anadyr. |
The economy is driven primarily by traditional activities. [[Reindeer]] farming used to be the main occupation, but following the economic crisis caused by the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] all the reindeer owned by the residents were lost. The effects of this loss can still be seen as around 20% of the population are unemployed. The lack of reindeer mean that the economy is instead now supported by fishing, seasonal labor, and the production of traditional indigenous crafts for sale to tourists and to the population of nearby Anadyr. |
||
===Soviet era=== |
=== Soviet era === |
||
During the Soviet period, Tavayvaam's main economic focus was the state farm.<ref name="Gray133">Gray, pp. 133–135</ref> Originally, the farm was called "Stalin" (after [[Joseph Stalin]]), but following his death the name was changed to "Twenty-Second Party Congress"<ref name="Gray133" /><ref name="Gray237">Gray (p. 237) notes that, despite the apparent blandness of the new name, this is a particularly significant change as it was during the [[22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|22nd party congress]] when [[Nikita Khrushchev]] ordered Stalin's body to be removed from [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]]'s tomb, a clear acknowledgement of his fall from grace.</ref> Reindeer herding was the predominant occupation for the farm and at its most prosperous point during the 1970s there were up to ten separate brigades operating at any one time out in the [[tundra]], tending to over 27,000 reindeer.<ref name="Gray133" /> This farm employed the majority of Tavayvaam's population.<ref name="Gray133" /> Individuals not directly involved in the herding of reindeer were employed in sewing workshops where the skin of the reindeer would be used, or in the fish processing plant attached to the farm.<ref name="Gray133" /> It was the indigenous population that did all of the manual, practical work; the incomers were those who filled administrative or support positions.<ref name="Gray133" /> During the summer, children would live with their families on the tundra following the reindeer, only returning at the start of a new academic year to attend school.<ref name="Gray133" /> Beyond this steady employment, the fur and meat from the reindeer and other game, as well as mushrooms and berries foraged, provided a vital source of sustenance for Tavayvaam's residents.<ref name="Gray133" /> |
During the Soviet period, Tavayvaam's main economic focus was the state farm.<ref name="Gray133">Gray, pp. 133–135</ref> Originally, the farm was called "Stalin" (after [[Joseph Stalin]]), but following his death the name was changed to "Twenty-Second Party Congress"<ref name="Gray133" /><ref name="Gray237">Gray (p. 237) notes that, despite the apparent blandness of the new name, this is a particularly significant change as it was during the [[22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|22nd party congress]] when [[Nikita Khrushchev]] ordered Stalin's body to be removed from [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]]'s tomb, a clear acknowledgement of his fall from grace.</ref> Reindeer herding was the predominant occupation for the farm and at its most prosperous point during the 1970s there were up to ten separate brigades operating at any one time out in the [[tundra]], tending to over 27,000 reindeer.<ref name="Gray133" /> This farm employed the majority of Tavayvaam's population.<ref name="Gray133" /> Individuals not directly involved in the herding of reindeer were employed in sewing workshops where the skin of the reindeer would be used, or in the fish processing plant attached to the farm.<ref name="Gray133" /> It was the indigenous population that did all of the manual, practical work; the incomers were those who filled administrative or support positions.<ref name="Gray133" /> During the summer, children would live with their families on the tundra following the reindeer, only returning at the start of a new academic year to attend school.<ref name="Gray133" /> Beyond this steady employment, the fur and meat from the reindeer and other game, as well as mushrooms and berries foraged, provided a vital source of sustenance for Tavayvaam's residents.<ref name="Gray133" /> |
||
===Post-Soviet era=== |
=== Post-Soviet era === |
||
Following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], [[Boris Yeltsin]] initiated the privatization of all state-run enterprises.<ref name="Gray133" /> Tavayvaam's state farm was technically dissolved, although the residents continued to refer to it as such, so key to their life it had been.<ref name="Gray133" /> In its place, four private enterprises (Chirynai, Kenkeren, Eupolian, and Topolovoye) were established.<ref name="Gray133" /> Unfortunately, it was not a case of business as usual for the four new enterprises. Normally, when a state enterprise was privatized, there would be some form of remnant that would ensure a degree of economic continuity, but in this case, upon the dissolution of the state farm the assets were simply divided amongst the four new enterprises and the state element disappeared entirely.<ref name="Gray133" /> The indigenous people now running these private enterprises were completely unprepared for the demands of a free market environment.<ref name="Gray133" /> By 1995, the total number of reindeer owned by the combined enterprises had fallen by nearly two-thirds from the total recorded in 1985, and by 1998, all four enterprises had closed permanently as there were no reindeer herds left.<ref name="Gray133" /> Smaller industries like the sewing workshops had closed as well.<ref name="Gray133" /> |
Following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], [[Boris Yeltsin]] initiated the privatization of all state-run enterprises.<ref name="Gray133" /> Tavayvaam's state farm was technically dissolved, although the residents continued to refer to it as such, so key to their life it had been.<ref name="Gray133" /> In its place, four private enterprises (Chirynai, Kenkeren, Eupolian, and Topolovoye) were established.<ref name="Gray133" /> Unfortunately, it was not a case of business as usual for the four new enterprises. Normally, when a state enterprise was privatized, there would be some form of remnant that would ensure a degree of economic continuity, but in this case, upon the dissolution of the state farm the assets were simply divided amongst the four new enterprises and the state element disappeared entirely.<ref name="Gray133" /> The indigenous people now running these private enterprises were completely unprepared for the demands of a free market environment.<ref name="Gray133" /> By 1995, the total number of reindeer owned by the combined enterprises had fallen by nearly two-thirds from the total recorded in 1985, and by 1998, all four enterprises had closed permanently as there were no reindeer herds left.<ref name="Gray133" /> Smaller industries like the sewing workshops had closed as well.<ref name="Gray133" /> |
||
It is claimed that the town of Anadyr annexed the "ethnic village" of Tavayvaam in May 1994, and that this was done by then governor Alexander Nazarov with a view to saving money from the autonomous okrug budget. If the national village had indeed been absorbed into the town of Anadyr then there would have been no obligation for the autonomous okrug to allocate specific funds for the indigenous population there.<ref name="Gray133" /> |
It is claimed that the town of Anadyr annexed the "ethnic village" of Tavayvaam in May 1994, and that this was done by then governor Alexander Nazarov with a view to saving money from the autonomous okrug budget. If the national village had indeed been absorbed into the town of Anadyr then there would have been no obligation for the autonomous okrug to allocate specific funds for the indigenous population there.<ref name="Gray133" /> |
||
==Demographics and culture== |
== Demographics and culture == |
||
Tavayvaam has a status of an "ethnic village", namely a "place of compact residence of small-numbered peoples of the north".<ref>Resolution #1237</ref> |
Tavayvaam has a status of an "ethnic village", namely a "place of compact residence of small-numbered peoples of the north".<ref>Resolution #1237</ref> Whereas Anadyr had an indigenous population of around 8.5% in 2005, Tavayvaam had an indigenous population of around 78%.<ref name="Gray 131">Gray, p. 131</ref> Tavayvaam preserves its indigenous culture through the [[Chukchi language]] Club ''Murgin Vetgav'' and a native crafts society. |
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==Climate== |
== Climate == |
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Tavayvaam has a |
Tavayvaam has a [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] [[taiga]] climate (Köppen climate classification ''Dfc'').<ref>McKnight and Hess, pp. 232–235</ref> with very cold, long winters and short, mild summers. |
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{{Weather box|width=auto |
{{Weather box|width=auto |
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| Line 90: | Line 89: | ||
|Feb record high C=2.2 |
|Feb record high C=2.2 |
||
|Mar record high C=5.1 |
|Mar record high C=5.1 |
||
|Apr record high C=5 |
|Apr record high C=5.0 |
||
|May record high C=14 |
|May record high C=14.0 |
||
|Jun record high C=26 |
|Jun record high C=26.0 |
||
|Jul record high C=28 |
|Jul record high C=28.0 |
||
|Aug record high C=25.6 |
|Aug record high C=25.6 |
||
|Sep record high C=23.4 |
|Sep record high C=23.4 |
||
|Oct record high C=10.8 |
|Oct record high C=10.8 |
||
|Nov record high C=5 |
|Nov record high C=5.0 |
||
|Dec record high C=3.6 |
|Dec record high C=3.6 |
||
|year record high C=28 |
|||
|Jan high C=-19.7 |
|Jan high C=-19.7 |
||
|Feb high C=-17.4 |
|Feb high C=-17.4 |
||
|Mar high C=-14.5 |
|Mar high C=-14.5 |
||
|Apr high C=-8.2 |
|Apr high C=-8.2 |
||
|May high C=2 |
|May high C=2.0 |
||
|Jun high C=11.2 |
|Jun high C=11.2 |
||
|Jul high C=15.8 |
|Jul high C=15.8 |
||
| Line 113: | Line 111: | ||
|Dec high C=-16.6 |
|Dec high C=-16.6 |
||
|year high C=-3.0 |
|year high C=-3.0 |
||
|Jan mean C = −23.1 |
|||
|Feb mean C = −21.0 |
|||
|Mar mean C = −18.1 |
|||
|Apr mean C = −11.9 |
|||
|May mean C = -0.9 |
|||
|Jun mean C = 7.5 |
|||
|Jul mean C = 12.3 |
|||
|Aug mean C = 10.6 |
|||
|Sep mean C = 5.0 |
|||
|Oct mean C = −4.5 |
|||
|Nov mean C = −12.3 |
|||
|Dec mean C = −20.0 |
|||
|year mean C = -6.4 |
|||
|Jan low C=-26.6 |
|Jan low C=-26.6 |
||
|Feb low C=-24.6 |
|Feb low C=-24.6 |
||
| Line 126: | Line 137: | ||
|Dec low C=-23.4 |
|Dec low C=-23.4 |
||
|year low C=-9.7 |
|year low C=-9.7 |
||
|Jan record low C=-44 |
|Jan record low C=-44.0 |
||
|Feb record low C=-44.1 |
|Feb record low C=-44.1 |
||
|Mar record low C=-39 |
|Mar record low C=-39.0 |
||
|Apr record low C=-32.5 |
|Apr record low C=-32.5 |
||
|May record low C=-22.5 |
|May record low C=-22.5 |
||
|Jun record low C=-5.7 |
|Jun record low C=-5.7 |
||
|Jul record low C=- |
|Jul record low C=-0.9 |
||
|Aug record low C=-5 |
|Aug record low C=-5.0 |
||
|Sep record low C=-10.4 |
|Sep record low C=-10.4 |
||
|Oct record low C=-25.3 |
|Oct record low C=-25.3 |
||
|Nov record low C=-35.8 |
|Nov record low C=-35.8 |
||
|Dec record low C=-40 |
|Dec record low C=-40.0 |
||
|year record low C=-44.1 |
|year record low C=-44.1 |
||
|precipitation colour=green |
|||
|Jan rain mm=42 |
|||
| |
|Jan precipitation mm=42 |
||
| |
|Feb precipitation mm=45 |
||
| |
|Mar precipitation mm=33 |
||
| |
|Apr precipitation mm=24 |
||
| |
|May precipitation mm=16 |
||
| |
|Jun precipitation mm=25 |
||
| |
|Jul precipitation mm=42 |
||
| |
|Aug precipitation mm=45 |
||
| |
|Sep precipitation mm=37 |
||
| |
|Oct precipitation mm=29 |
||
| |
|Nov precipitation mm=39 |
||
| |
|Dec precipitation mm=32 |
||
|Jan snow days=15 |
|Jan snow days=15 |
||
|Feb snow days=14 |
|Feb snow days=14 |
||
| Line 165: | Line 176: | ||
|Dec snow days=15 |
|Dec snow days=15 |
||
|year snow days=124 |
|year snow days=124 |
||
|source 1=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meoweather.com/history/Russian%20Federation/na/64.75/177.3666667/Tavayvaam.html|title=Weather Averages |
|source 1=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meoweather.com/history/Russian%20Federation/na/64.75/177.3666667/Tavayvaam.html|title=Weather Averages – Tavayvaam|publisher=www.meoweather.com|accessdate=June 29, 2012}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
== References == |
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===Notes=== |
=== Notes === |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
{{Reflist|2}} |
||
===Sources=== |
=== Sources === |
||
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|chu|adm|law}} |
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|chu|adm|law}} |
||
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|chu|adm|list}} |
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|chu|adm|list}} |
||
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|chu|mun|list|anadyr}} |
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|chu|mun|list|anadyr}} |
||
*P. A. Gray. |
*P. A. Gray. The Predicament of Chukotka's Indigenous People: Post-Soviet Activism in the Russian Far North (2005) Cambridge University Press |
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*{{Cite book| |
*{{Cite book|author1=McKnight, Tom L|author2=Hess, Darrel|year=2000|chapter=Climate Zones and Types|title=Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation|location=Upper Saddle River, NJ|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=0-13-020263-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn}} |
||
*{{Cite Russian law |
*{{Cite Russian law |
||
|ru_entity=Правительство Российской Федерации |
|ru_entity=Правительство Российской Федерации |
||
| Line 183: | Line 195: | ||
|ru_number=1237 |
|ru_number=1237 |
||
|ru_date=16 декабря 1995 г. |
|ru_date=16 декабря 1995 г. |
||
|ru_title=О реализации Региональной программы обустройства национальных сёл |
|ru_title=О реализации Региональной программы обустройства национальных сёл – мест компактного проживания малочисленных народов севера Чукотского автономного округа на 1996 год и ближайшую перспективу |
||
|ru_effective_date= |
|ru_effective_date= |
||
|ru_published_in="Собрание законодательства РФ", №51, ст. 5076 |
|ru_published_in="Собрание законодательства РФ", №51, ст. 5076 |
||
Latest revision as of 13:53, 6 November 2024
Tavayvaam
Тавайваам | |
|---|---|
Location of Tavayvaam  | |
  Tavayvaam Location of Tavayvaam  Tavayvaam Tavayvaam (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) | |
| Coordinates: 64°45′N 177°22′E / 64.750°N 177.367°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug[2] |
| Population | |
• Total | 472 |
• Estimate (January 2018)[5] | 487 |
| • Subordinated to | Town of okrug significance of Anadyr[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Anadyr Urban Okrug[6] |
| Time zone | UTC+12 (MSK+9  [7]) |
| Postal code(s)[8] | 689534 |
| OKTMO ID | 77701000106 |
Tavayvaam (Russian: Тавайва́ам) is a rural locality (a selo) under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of okrug significance of Anadyr in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia.[1] Within the framework of municipal divisions, it is a part of Anadyr Urban Okrug.[6] Its population of 472 (as of the 2010 Census)[3][4] is predominantly indigenous Chukchi and Yupik people.[9]
Geography
[edit]The settlement is located in the mouth area of Onemen Bay.[10]
Etymology
[edit]The locality's name is of Chukchi origin and literally means river on which one rides.[11]
Economy
[edit]The economy is driven primarily by traditional activities. Reindeer farming used to be the main occupation, but following the economic crisis caused by the dissolution of the Soviet Union all the reindeer owned by the residents were lost. The effects of this loss can still be seen as around 20% of the population are unemployed. The lack of reindeer mean that the economy is instead now supported by fishing, seasonal labor, and the production of traditional indigenous crafts for sale to tourists and to the population of nearby Anadyr.
Soviet era
[edit]During the Soviet period, Tavayvaam's main economic focus was the state farm.[12] Originally, the farm was called "Stalin" (after Joseph Stalin), but following his death the name was changed to "Twenty-Second Party Congress"[12][13] Reindeer herding was the predominant occupation for the farm and at its most prosperous point during the 1970s there were up to ten separate brigades operating at any one time out in the tundra, tending to over 27,000 reindeer.[12] This farm employed the majority of Tavayvaam's population.[12] Individuals not directly involved in the herding of reindeer were employed in sewing workshops where the skin of the reindeer would be used, or in the fish processing plant attached to the farm.[12] It was the indigenous population that did all of the manual, practical work; the incomers were those who filled administrative or support positions.[12] During the summer, children would live with their families on the tundra following the reindeer, only returning at the start of a new academic year to attend school.[12] Beyond this steady employment, the fur and meat from the reindeer and other game, as well as mushrooms and berries foraged, provided a vital source of sustenance for Tavayvaam's residents.[12]
Post-Soviet era
[edit]Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin initiated the privatization of all state-run enterprises.[12] Tavayvaam's state farm was technically dissolved, although the residents continued to refer to it as such, so key to their life it had been.[12] In its place, four private enterprises (Chirynai, Kenkeren, Eupolian, and Topolovoye) were established.[12] Unfortunately, it was not a case of business as usual for the four new enterprises. Normally, when a state enterprise was privatized, there would be some form of remnant that would ensure a degree of economic continuity, but in this case, upon the dissolution of the state farm the assets were simply divided amongst the four new enterprises and the state element disappeared entirely.[12] The indigenous people now running these private enterprises were completely unprepared for the demands of a free market environment.[12] By 1995, the total number of reindeer owned by the combined enterprises had fallen by nearly two-thirds from the total recorded in 1985, and by 1998, all four enterprises had closed permanently as there were no reindeer herds left.[12] Smaller industries like the sewing workshops had closed as well.[12]
It is claimed that the town of Anadyr annexed the "ethnic village" of Tavayvaam in May 1994, and that this was done by then governor Alexander Nazarov with a view to saving money from the autonomous okrug budget. If the national village had indeed been absorbed into the town of Anadyr then there would have been no obligation for the autonomous okrug to allocate specific funds for the indigenous population there.[12]
Demographics and culture
[edit]Tavayvaam has a status of an "ethnic village", namely a "place of compact residence of small-numbered peoples of the north".[14] Whereas Anadyr had an indigenous population of around 8.5% in 2005, Tavayvaam had an indigenous population of around 78%.[15] Tavayvaam preserves its indigenous culture through the Chukchi language Club Murgin Vetgav and a native crafts society.
Climate
[edit]Tavayvaam has a subarctic taiga climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc).[16] with very cold, long winters and short, mild summers.
| Climate data for Tavayvaam | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
2.2 (36.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
10.8 (51.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
28.0 (82.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −19.7 (−3.5) |
−17.4 (0.7) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
2.0 (35.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
13.7 (56.7) |
7.9 (46.2) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−16.6 (2.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −23.1 (−9.6) |
−21 (−6) |
−18.1 (−0.6) |
−11.9 (10.6) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.3 (54.1) |
10.6 (51.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−20 (−4) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −26.6 (−15.9) |
−24.6 (−12.3) |
−21.8 (−7.2) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
3.8 (38.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
−23.4 (−10.1) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −44.0 (−47.2) |
−44.1 (−47.4) |
−39.0 (−38.2) |
−32.5 (−26.5) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−25.3 (−13.5) |
−35.8 (−32.4) |
−40.0 (−40.0) |
−44.1 (−47.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42 (1.7) |
45 (1.8) |
33 (1.3) |
24 (0.9) |
16 (0.6) |
25 (1.0) |
42 (1.7) |
45 (1.8) |
37 (1.5) |
29 (1.1) |
39 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
409 (16.2) |
| Average snowy days | 15 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 16 | 18 | 15 | 124 |
| Source: [17] | |||||||||||||
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d Directive #517-rp
- ^ Law #33-OZ
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b This figure is given for all rural population of Anadyr Urban Okrug, a municipal formation of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. According to Law 40-OZ, Tavayvaam is the only rural locality on the territory of this municipal formation.
- ^ Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Численность населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года (in Russian)
- ^ a b Law #40-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Gray, p. 130
- ^ Onemen // Dictionary of the names of hydrographic objects of Russia and other countries – members of the CIS / ed. G.I. Donidze. – M .: Kartgeotsentr – Geodezizdat, 1999. – S. 323. – ISBN 5-86066-017-0 .
- ^ В. В. Леонтьев и К. А. Новикова (V. V. Leontyev and K. A. Novikova). "Топонимический словарь северо-востока СССР" (Toponymic Dictionary of the Northeastern USSR). Magadan, 1989, pp. 348–349
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Gray, pp. 133–135
- ^ Gray (p. 237) notes that, despite the apparent blandness of the new name, this is a particularly significant change as it was during the 22nd party congress when Nikita Khrushchev ordered Stalin's body to be removed from Lenin's tomb, a clear acknowledgement of his fall from grace.
- ^ Resolution #1237
- ^ Gray, p. 131
- ^ McKnight and Hess, pp. 232–235
- ^ "Weather Averages – Tavayvaam". www.meoweather.com. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
Sources
[edit]- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №33-ОЗ от 30 июня 1998 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №55-ОЗ от 9 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Чукотского автономного округа "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа"». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня его официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №7 (28), 14 мая 1999 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #33-OZ of June 30, 1998 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #55-OZ of June 9, 2012 On Amending the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug". Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.).
- Правительство Чукотского автономного округа. Распоряжение №517-рп от 30 декабря 2008 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных и территориальных образований Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Распоряжения №323-рп от 27 июня 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в Распоряжение Правительства Чукотского автономного округа от 30 декабря 2008 года №517-рп». Опубликован: База данных "Консультант-плюс". (Government of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Directive #517-rp of December 30, 2008 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Formations of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Directive #323-rp of June 27, 2011 On Amending the Government of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Directive No. 517-rp of December 30, 2008. ).
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №40-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2004 г. «О статусе и границах муниципального образования город Анадырь Чукотского автономного округа». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №31/1 (178/1), 10 декабря 2004 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #40-OZ of November 29, 2004 On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Anadyr of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication date.).
- P. A. Gray. The Predicament of Chukotka's Indigenous People: Post-Soviet Activism in the Russian Far North (2005) Cambridge University Press
- McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000). "Climate Zones and Types". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-020263-0.
- Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №1237 от 16 декабря 1995 г. «О реализации Региональной программы обустройства национальных сёл – мест компактного проживания малочисленных народов севера Чукотского автономного округа на 1996 год и ближайшую перспективу». Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №51, ст. 5076, 18 декабря 1995 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #1237 of December 16, 1995 On Implementing of the Regional Program of Provision of Ethnic Selos—Places of Compact Residence of Small-Numbered Peoples in the north of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug for the Year of 1996 and the Near Future. ).