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{{Short description|New Zealand politician and writer (1878–1949)}}
{{Distinguish|William Stewart (New Zealand politician)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2014}}
{{Distinguish|William Stewart (politician)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|name = William Downie Stewart, Jr.
|name = William Downie Stewart Jr
|honorific-suffix =
|honorific-suffix =
|image = William Downie Stewart, Jr.jpg
|image = William Downie Stewart.jpg
|caption =
|caption =
|order = 24th [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Minister of Finance]]
|office=Minister of Finance (New Zealand){{!}}Minister of Finance
|order = 24th
|primeminister = [[Gordon Coates]]
|term_start = 24 May 1926
|primeminister = [[Gordon Coates]]
|term_end = 10 December 1928
|term_start = 24 May 1926
|predecessor = [[William Nosworthy]]
|term_end = 10 December 1928
|successor = [[Joseph Ward]]
|predecessor = [[William Nosworthy]]
|successor = [[Joseph Ward]]
|primeminister2 = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|primeminister2 = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|term_start2 = 22 September 1931
|term_start2 = 22 September 1931
|term_end2 = 28 January 1933
|term_end2 = 28 January 1933
|predecessor2 = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|predecessor2 = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|successor2 = [[Gordon Coates]]
|successor2 = [[Gordon Coates]]
|office3=Attorney-General (New Zealand){{!}}Attorney-General
|order3 = 13th
|primeminister3 = [[Gordon Coates]]
|term_start3 = 18 January 1926
|term_end3 = 24 May 1926
|predecessor3 = [[Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)|Francis Bell]]
|successor3 = [[Frank Rolleston]]
|primeminister4 = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|term_start4 = 22 September 1931
|term_end4 = 28 January 1933
|predecessor4 = [[Thomas Sidey]]
|successor4 = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|office5=Minister of Justice (New Zealand){{!}}Minister of Justice
|order5 = 27th
|primeminister5 = [[Gordon Coates]]
|term_start5 = 26 November 1928
|term_end5 = 10 December 1928
|predecessor5 = [[Frank Rolleston]]
|successor5 = [[Thomas Wilford]]
|office6=Minister of Police (New Zealand){{!}}Minister of Police
|order6 = 12th
|primeminister6 = [[Gordon Coates]]
|term_start6 = 26 November 1928
|term_end6 = 10 December 1928
|predecessor6 = [[Frank Rolleston]]
|successor6 = [[Thomas Wilford]]
|office7=Minister of Defence (New Zealand){{!}}Minister of Defence
|order7 = 16th
|primeminister7 = [[Gordon Coates]]
|term_start7 = 28 November 1928
|term_end7 = 10 December 1928
|predecessor7 = [[Frank Rolleston]]
|successor7 = [[Thomas Wilford]]
|office8=Minister of Customs (New Zealand){{!}}Minister of Customs
|order8 = 30th
|primeminister8 = [[Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)|Francis Bell]]<br>[[Gordon Coates]]
|term_start8 = 9 March 1921
|term_end8 = 10 December 1928
|predecessor8 = [[William Herries]]
|successor8 = [[William Taverner (New Zealand politician)|William Taverner]]
|primeminister9 = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|term_start9 =22 September 1931
|term_end9 = 28 January 1933
|predecessor9 = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|successor9 = [[Gordon Coates]]
|office10=Minister of Industries and Commerce
|order10 = 8th
|primeminister10 = [[William Massey]]<br>[[Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)|Francis Bell]]<br>[[Gordon Coates]]
|term_start10 = 13 January 1923
|term_end10 = 24 May 1926
|predecessor10 = [[Ernest Lee]]
|successor10 = [[Alex McLeod (politician)|Alex McLeod]]
|office11=Minister of Revenue (New Zealand){{!}}Minister of Revenue
|order11 = 6th
|primeminister11 = [[Gordon Coates]]
|term_start11 = 24 May 1926
|term_end11 = 10 December 1928
|predecessor11 = [[William Nosworthy]]
|successor11 = [[Joseph Ward]]
|primeminister12 = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|term_start12 = 22 September 1931
|term_end12 = 28 January 1933
|predecessor12 = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|successor12 = [[Gordon Coates]]
|office13=Minister of Statistics (New Zealand){{!}}Minister of Statistics
|order13 = 1st
|primeminister13 = [[William Massey]]
|term_start13 = February 1922
|term_end13 = 27 June 1923
|predecessor13 = ''Position established''
|successor13 = [[Richard Bollard]]

|office14=Minister of Internal Affairs (New Zealand){{!}}Minister of Internal Affairs
|order14 = 7th
|primeminister14 = [[William Massey]]
|term_start14 =1 March 1921
|term_end14 = 27 June 1923
|predecessor14 = [[George James Anderson]]
|successor14 = [[Richard Bollard]]

|constituency_MP15 = [[Dunedin West]]
|parliament15 = New Zealand
|term_start15 = 1914
|term_end15 = 1935
|office16 =[[Mayor of Dunedin]]
|term_start16 = 1913
|term_end16 = 1914
|birth_date = 29 July 1878
|birth_date = 29 July 1878
|birth_place = [[Dunedin]] New Zealand
|birth_place = [[Dunedin]], New Zealand
|death_date = 29 September 1949
|death_date = {{death date and age|1949|9|29|1878|7|29|df=true}}
|death_place = [[Dunedin]] New Zealand
|death_place = Dunedin, New Zealand
|nationality = New Zealand
|nationality = New Zealand
|party = [[New Zealand Reform Party|Reform]]
|party = [[Reform Party (New Zealand)|Reform]]
|occupation =
|occupation =
|parents=[[William Downie Stewart Sr]] (father)
}}
}}


'''William Downie Stewart''' (29 July 1878 – 29 September 1949) was a New Zealand [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Finance Minister]], [[Mayor of Dunedin]] and writer.
'''William Downie Stewart''' (29 July 1878 – 29 September 1949) was a New Zealand [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Finance Minister]], [[Mayor of Dunedin]] and writer.<ref name="Teara" >{{cite web| url= https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3s35/stewart-william-downie | title= Story: Stewart, William Downie | website= Teara | access-date=23 September 2017}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Stewart was born in [[Dunedin]] in 1878. His father was [[William Downie Stewart, Sr.|William Downie Stewart]], a lawyer and politician. His mother was Rachel Hepburn, daughter of [[George Hepburn (politician)|George Hepburn]].<ref name="DNZB Stewart Jr.">{{DNZB|Dale|Stephanie|3S35 |Stewart, William Downie - Biography|30 December 2011}}</ref> His sister was [[Rachel Armitage|Rachelina (Rachel) Hepburn Armitage]].<ref name="DNZB Armitage">{{DNZB|title=Rachelina Hepburn Armitage|first= Yvonne M.|last= Wilkie|id=3a18|accessdate=December 2011}}</ref>
Stewart was born in [[Dunedin]] in 1878. His father was [[William Downie Stewart Sr|William Downie Stewart]], a lawyer and politician. His mother was Rachel Hepburn, daughter of [[George Hepburn (politician)|George Hepburn]].<ref name="DNZB Stewart Jr.">{{DNZB|last=Dale|first=Stephanie|id=3S35 |title=Stewart, William Downie - Biography|access-date=30 December 2011}}</ref> One of his four siblings was [[Rachel Armitage|Rachelina (Rachel) Hepburn Armitage]].<ref name="DNZB Armitage">{{DNZB|title=Rachelina Hepburn Armitage|first= Yvonne M.|last= Wilkie|id=3a18|access-date=23 April 2017}}</ref> Stewart's mother died within months of his birth, leaving him and his four siblings to be raised by nannies and nurses. From 1888–1894, he attended [[Otago Boys' High School]] and continued his studies at the [[University of Otago]].<ref name="Teara" />


== Political career ==
== Political career ==
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|electorate=Dunedin West
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|electorate=Dunedin West
|party=New Zealand Reform Party
|party=Reform Party (New Zealand)
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|term=23rd
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|electorate=Dunedin West
|party=New Zealand Reform Party
|party=Reform Party (New Zealand)
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|term=24th
|electorate=Dunedin West
|electorate=Dunedin West
|party=New Zealand Reform Party
|party=Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
}}
{{NZ parlbox footer}}
{{NZ parlbox footer}}
Downie Stewart was the author of a number of books.<ref name="DNZB Stewart Jr." />
Downie Stewart was the author of a number of books.<ref name="DNZB Stewart Jr." />
He and the American economist [[James Edward Le Rossignol]] of the [[University of Denver]] published ''State socialism in New Zealand'' in 1910. A reviewer called the book "an illuminating study of the remarkable series of instructive experiments in socialistic legislation, for which New Zealand has become conspicuous, together with that Australian Commonwealth, which is its nearest neighbour."<ref>{{cite journal|pages=754–756 |author=L.L.P.|title=State Socialism in New Zealand|journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society|volume=74|issue=7|year=1911 |publisher=Wiley|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2339748|accessdate=2014-07-23|doi=10.2307/2339748}}</ref>
He and the American economist [[James Edward Le Rossignol]] of the [[University of Denver]] published ''State socialism in New Zealand'' in 1910. A reviewer called the book "an illuminating study of the remarkable series of instructive experiments in socialistic legislation, for which New Zealand has become conspicuous, together with that Australian Commonwealth, which is its nearest neighbour."<ref>{{cite journal|pages=754–756 |author=L.L.P.|title=State Socialism in New Zealand|journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society|volume=74|issue=7|year=1911 |publisher=Wiley|jstor=2339748|doi=10.2307/2339748|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449474}}</ref>


Downie Stewart was Mayor of Dunedin (1913–1914).<ref name="DNZB Stewart Jr." />
Downie Stewart was Mayor of Dunedin (1913–1914).<ref name="DNZB Stewart Jr." />
He represented the [[Dunedin West]] electorate from [[New Zealand general election, 1914|1914]] to [[New Zealand general election, 1935|1935]].{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=141}} His father had previously represented the Dunedin West electorate.{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=141}}
He represented the [[Dunedin West]] electorate from [[1914 New Zealand general election|1914]] to [[1935 New Zealand general election|1935]].{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=141}} His father had previously represented the Dunedin West electorate.{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=141}}

In 1935, he was awarded the [[King George V Silver Jubilee Medal]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=EP19350506.2.12 | title=Official jubilee medals | date=6 May 1935 | volume=CXIX | issue=105 | newspaper=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|Evening Post]] | accessdate=6 September 2015 | page=4}}</ref>


=== Minister of Finance and resignation ===
=== Minister of Finance and resignation ===
Downie Stewart was [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Finance Minister]] in 1931–1933. He resigned after the devaluation of the [[New Zealand pound|New Zealand currency]], a measure he opposed.<ref name="DNZB Stewart Jr." /><ref>Wood, p.&nbsp;118</ref><ref>Burdon, 'New Dominion', p.&nbsp;161</ref> Downie Stewart stood in the [[New Zealand general election, 1935|1935 general election]] as an [[Independent politician|Independent]] [[United-Reform Coalition]] candidate, losing to Labour's Dr [[Gervan McMillan]].
Downie Stewart was [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Finance Minister]] in 1931–1933. He resigned after the devaluation of the [[New Zealand pound|New Zealand currency]], a measure he opposed.<ref name="DNZB Stewart Jr." /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Ministers and Members in the New Zealand Parliament|publisher=University of Otago Press|year=1996|isbn=1-877133-00-0|editor-last=Wood|editor-first=G.A.|edition=2nd|location=Dunedin|page=118}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Burdon|title=The New Dominion|page=161|date=1965|author-link=Randal Mathews Burdon|first=R.M.}}</ref> Downie Stewart stood in the [[1935 New Zealand general election|1935 general election]] as an [[Independent politician|Independent]] [[United-Reform Coalition]] candidate, losing to Labour's Dr [[Gervan McMillan]].


In July 1934, he became the first chairman of the newly formed [[New Zealand Institute of International Affairs]], the local branch of [[Chatham House]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Yamaoka |first=Mikio |chapter=Reconstructions issues of the New Zealand branch of the Institute of Pacific Relations in pre-War times |date=2005 |editor1-first=Michio |editor1-last=Yamaoka |editor2-first=George M. |editor2-last=Oshiro |title=Towards the construction of a new discipline : international conference proceedings on the re-evaluation of the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR) |location=Tokyo |publisher=Ronsosha |page=60 |isbn=4846006689}}</ref> He ceded that position to [[Bill Barnard]], the [[Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives|speaker of the House]], the NZIIA merged with the local branch of the [[Institute of Pacific Relations]] in late 1939.{{sfn|Yamaoka|2005|p=65}}
W Downie Stewart is noted in Carroll Quigley's book "The Anglo American Establishment" as President of the New Zealand branch of the Institute of International Affairs, which in turn was connected to the Royal Institute of International Affairs. These organisations were part of the Rhodes/Roundtable movement. They were also connected to the Institute of Pacific Relations and many members of the J.P.Morgan bank were involved. When J.P.Morgan died it became apparent that he was a Rothschild agent.

In 1935, he was awarded the [[King George V Silver Jubilee Medal]].<ref>{{cite news | url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=EP19350506.2.12 | title=Official jubilee medals | date=6 May 1935 | volume=CXIX | issue=105 | work=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|Evening Post]] | access-date=6 September 2015 | page=4}}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
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==References==
==References==
*{{Cite book |ref=harv |last= Scholefield |first= Guy |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 |authorlink=Guy Scholefield |edition=3rd |origyear= First ed. published 1913 |year= 1950 |publisher= Govt. Printer |location= Wellington}}
*{{Cite book |last= Scholefield |first= Guy |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 |author-link=Guy Scholefield |edition=3rd |orig-year= First ed. published 1913 |year= 1950 |publisher=Govt. Printer |location= Wellington}}


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{{s-bef | before = [[Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)|Francis Bell]]}}
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{{s-ttl | rows=2 | title = [[Attorney-General (New Zealand)|Attorney-General]] | years=1926 <br />1931&ndash;1933}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Frank Rolleston]]}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Frank Rolleston]]}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Thomas Sidey]]}}
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{{s-aft | after = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]}}
{{s-aft | after = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]}}
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{{S-bef | before = [[Frank Rolleston]]}}
{{S-bef |rows = 2 | before = [[Frank Rolleston]]}}
{{S-ttl | title = [[Minister of Justice (New Zealand)|Minister of Justice]] |years=1928}}
{{S-ttl | title = [[Minister of Justice (New Zealand)|Minister of Justice]] |years=1928}}
{{S-aft | after = [[Thomas Wilford]]}}
{{S-aft | rows = 2 | after = [[Thomas Wilford]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-ttl | title = [[Minister of Police (New Zealand)|Minister of Police]]|years=1928}}
{{end}}
{{end}}

{{NZ Reform Party}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Stewart, William Downie}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stewart, William Downie}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
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[[Category:Mayors of Dunedin]]
[[Category:Mayors of Dunedin]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand defence ministers]]
[[Category:Defence ministers of New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand finance ministers]]
[[Category:Ministers of finance of New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century New Zealand lawyers]]
[[Category:New Zealand writers]]
[[Category:New Zealand writers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Presbyterians]]
[[Category:New Zealand Presbyterians]]
[[Category:New Zealand Reform Party MPs]]
[[Category:Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand people of World War I]]
[[Category:New Zealand people of World War I]]
[[Category:University of Otago alumni]]
[[Category:University of Otago alumni]]
[[Category:New Zealand people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:New Zealand people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Unsuccessful candidates in the New Zealand general election, 1935]]
[[Category:Unsuccessful candidates in the 1935 New Zealand general election]]
[[Category:Unsuccessful candidates in the New Zealand general election, 1905]]
[[Category:Unsuccessful candidates in the 1905 New Zealand general election]]
[[Category:Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives]]
[[Category:New Zealand MPs for Dunedin electorates]]
[[Category:New Zealand MPs for Dunedin electorates]]
[[Category:Justice ministers of New Zealand]]
[[Category:People educated at Otago Boys' High School]]

Latest revision as of 03:20, 11 June 2024

William Downie Stewart Jr
24th Minister of Finance
In office
24 May 1926 – 10 December 1928
Prime MinisterGordon Coates
Preceded byWilliam Nosworthy
Succeeded byJoseph Ward
In office
22 September 1931 – 28 January 1933
Prime MinisterGeorge Forbes
Preceded byGeorge Forbes
Succeeded byGordon Coates
13th Attorney-General
In office
18 January 1926 – 24 May 1926
Prime MinisterGordon Coates
Preceded byFrancis Bell
Succeeded byFrank Rolleston
In office
22 September 1931 – 28 January 1933
Prime MinisterGeorge Forbes
Preceded byThomas Sidey
Succeeded byGeorge Forbes
27th Minister of Justice
In office
26 November 1928 – 10 December 1928
Prime MinisterGordon Coates
Preceded byFrank Rolleston
Succeeded byThomas Wilford
12th Minister of Police
In office
26 November 1928 – 10 December 1928
Prime MinisterGordon Coates
Preceded byFrank Rolleston
Succeeded byThomas Wilford
16th Minister of Defence
In office
28 November 1928 – 10 December 1928
Prime MinisterGordon Coates
Preceded byFrank Rolleston
Succeeded byThomas Wilford
30th Minister of Customs
In office
9 March 1921 – 10 December 1928
Prime MinisterFrancis Bell
Gordon Coates
Preceded byWilliam Herries
Succeeded byWilliam Taverner
In office
22 September 1931 – 28 January 1933
Prime MinisterGeorge Forbes
Preceded byGeorge Forbes
Succeeded byGordon Coates
8th Minister of Industries and Commerce
In office
13 January 1923 – 24 May 1926
Prime MinisterWilliam Massey
Francis Bell
Gordon Coates
Preceded byErnest Lee
Succeeded byAlex McLeod
6th Minister of Revenue
In office
24 May 1926 – 10 December 1928
Prime MinisterGordon Coates
Preceded byWilliam Nosworthy
Succeeded byJoseph Ward
In office
22 September 1931 – 28 January 1933
Prime MinisterGeorge Forbes
Preceded byGeorge Forbes
Succeeded byGordon Coates
1st Minister of Statistics
In office
February 1922 – 27 June 1923
Prime MinisterWilliam Massey
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRichard Bollard
7th Minister of Internal Affairs
In office
1 March 1921 – 27 June 1923
Prime MinisterWilliam Massey
Preceded byGeorge James Anderson
Succeeded byRichard Bollard
Member of the New Zealand Parliament
for Dunedin West
In office
1914–1935
Mayor of Dunedin
In office
1913–1914
Personal details
Born29 July 1878
Dunedin, New Zealand
Died29 September 1949(1949-09-29) (aged 71)
Dunedin, New Zealand
Political partyReform
ParentWilliam Downie Stewart Sr (father)

William Downie Stewart (29 July 1878 – 29 September 1949) was a New Zealand Finance Minister, Mayor of Dunedin and writer.[1]

Early life

[edit]

Stewart was born in Dunedin in 1878. His father was William Downie Stewart, a lawyer and politician. His mother was Rachel Hepburn, daughter of George Hepburn.[2] One of his four siblings was Rachelina (Rachel) Hepburn Armitage.[3] Stewart's mother died within months of his birth, leaving him and his four siblings to be raised by nannies and nurses. From 1888–1894, he attended Otago Boys' High School and continued his studies at the University of Otago.[1]

Political career

[edit]
New Zealand Parliament
Years Term Electorate Party
1914–1919 19th Dunedin West Reform
1919–1922 20th Dunedin West Reform
1922–1925 21st Dunedin West Reform
1925–1928 22nd Dunedin West Reform
1928–1931 23rd Dunedin West Reform
1931–1935 24th Dunedin West Reform

Downie Stewart was the author of a number of books.[2] He and the American economist James Edward Le Rossignol of the University of Denver published State socialism in New Zealand in 1910. A reviewer called the book "an illuminating study of the remarkable series of instructive experiments in socialistic legislation, for which New Zealand has become conspicuous, together with that Australian Commonwealth, which is its nearest neighbour."[4]

Downie Stewart was Mayor of Dunedin (1913–1914).[2] He represented the Dunedin West electorate from 1914 to 1935.[5] His father had previously represented the Dunedin West electorate.[5]

Minister of Finance and resignation

[edit]

Downie Stewart was Finance Minister in 1931–1933. He resigned after the devaluation of the New Zealand currency, a measure he opposed.[2][6][7] Downie Stewart stood in the 1935 general election as an Independent United-Reform Coalition candidate, losing to Labour's Dr Gervan McMillan.

In July 1934, he became the first chairman of the newly formed New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, the local branch of Chatham House.[8] He ceded that position to Bill Barnard, the speaker of the House, the NZIIA merged with the local branch of the Institute of Pacific Relations in late 1939.[9]

In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.[10]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Story: Stewart, William Downie". Teara. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d Dale, Stephanie. "Stewart, William Downie - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  3. ^ Wilkie, Yvonne M. "Rachelina Hepburn Armitage". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  4. ^ L.L.P. (1911). "State Socialism in New Zealand". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 74 (7). Wiley: 754–756. doi:10.2307/2339748. JSTOR 2339748.
  5. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 141.
  6. ^ Wood, G.A., ed. (1996). Ministers and Members in the New Zealand Parliament (2nd ed.). Dunedin: University of Otago Press. p. 118. ISBN 1-877133-00-0.
  7. ^ Burdon, R.M. (1965). The New Dominion. p. 161.
  8. ^ Yamaoka, Mikio (2005). "Reconstructions issues of the New Zealand branch of the Institute of Pacific Relations in pre-War times". In Yamaoka, Michio; Oshiro, George M. (eds.). Towards the construction of a new discipline : international conference proceedings on the re-evaluation of the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR). Tokyo: Ronsosha. p. 60. ISBN 4846006689.
  9. ^ Yamaoka 2005, p. 65.
  10. ^ "Official jubilee medals". Evening Post. Vol. CXIX, no. 105. 6 May 1935. p. 4. Retrieved 6 September 2015.

References

[edit]
  • Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
Political offices
Preceded by Attorney-General
1926
1931–1933
Succeeded by
Preceded by Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Justice
1928
Succeeded by
Minister of Police
1928