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{{Short description|Dialect of Chinese language}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2017}}
{{Expand Chinese|武漢話|date=December 2016}}
{{Expand Chinese|武漢話|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name= Wuhan dialect
| name = Wuhan dialect
|nativename=武汉话
| nativename = 武汉话
|pronunciation=
| pronunciation = {{IPA|[u⁴²xan¹³xua³⁵]}}
|states=[[China]]
| states = [[China]]
|region=[[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]]
| region = [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]]
|speakers=
| speakers =
|ref={{citation needed|date=July 2013}}
| ref = {{cn|date=July 2013}}
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=[[Varieties of Chinese|Chinese]]
| fam2 = [[Varieties of Chinese|Chinese]]
|fam3=[[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
| fam3 = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
|fam4=[[Southwestern Mandarin|Southwestern]]
| fam4 = [[Southwestern Mandarin|Southwestern]]
|fam5=[[Wu-Tian]]
| fam5 = [[Wu-Tian Mandarin|Wu-Tian]]
|isoexception=dialect
| isoexception = dialect
|linglist=cmn-xwu
| linglist = cmn-xwu
|glotto=wuha1234
| glotto = none
| map =
|glottoname=Wuhan Mandarin
⚫
| mapcaption =
|glotto2=hank1234
| iso6 = xghu
|glottoname2=Hankou Mandarin
|map=
⚫
|mapcaption=
}}
}}

'''Wuhan dialect''' ({{zh|s={{linktext|武|汉|话}}|t={{linktext|武|漢|話}}}}, {{IPA-xx|u⁴²xan¹³xua³⁵|local}}; {{zh|p=wǔhànhuà}}), also known as '''[[Hankou]] dialect''' and Wuhan Fangyan (Chinese: 武汉方言), belongs to the Wu–Tian branch of [[Southwestern Mandarin]] spoken in [[Wuhan]], [[Tianmen]] and surrounding areas in [[Hubei]]. Wuhan dialect has limited mutual intelligibility with [[Standard Chinese]]. Grammatically, it has been observed to have a similar [[grammatical aspect|aspect]] system with [[Xiang Chinese]] and syntactic structures commonly found in Southern Chinese varieties.<ref>{{cite thesis|title=The Wuhan dialect : a hybrid Southwestern Mandarin variety of Sinitic|last=Zhang|first= Shiliang|institution=[[The University of Hong Kong]]|year=2015|url=}}</ref>
The '''Wuhan dialect''' ({{zh|s={{linktext|武|汉|话}}|t={{linktext|武|漢|話}}}}, {{IPA-xx|u⁴²xan¹³xua³⁵|local}}; {{zh|p=Wǔhànhuà}}), also known as the '''Hankou dialect''' after the former town of [[Hankou]], belongs to the Wu–Tian branch of [[Southwest Mandarin]] spoken in [[Wuhan]], [[Tianmen]] and surrounding areas in [[Hubei]], [[China]]. The Wuhan dialect has limited mutual intelligibility with [[Standard Chinese]]. Grammatically, it has been observed to have a similar [[grammatical aspect|aspect]] system to [[Xiang Chinese]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Zhang |first=Shiliang |title=The Wuhan Dialect: A Hybrid Southwestern Mandarin Variety of Sinitic |date=2015 |degree=MA |publisher=The University of Hong Kong |doi=10.5353/th_b5481914 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |doi-access=free |hdl=10722/211145 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===

===Vowels===

===Tones===
===Tones===
Like other Southwestern Mandarin varieties, there are four tones in the Wuhan dialect. Words with the [[checked tone]] in [[Middle Chinese]] became the light level tone on a large scale, with certain exceptions.
Like other Southwest Mandarin varieties, there are four tones. Words with the [[checked tone]] in [[Middle Chinese]] became the light level tone.
* Dark level 55 (also 44）
* Dark level 55 (also 44)
* Light level 213
* Light level 312
* Rising 42
* Rising 42
* Falling 35
* Falling 35
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| .
| .
|- bgcolor=#ffffff
|- bgcolor=#ffffff
<br />
|}


<!--
|}<!--

===Initials===
===Initials===
武汉话裡没有[[翘舌音]]，声母一律是[[平舌音]]。因此，普通话里的/zh/ /ch/ /sh/在武汉话里一律对应为/z/ /c/ /s/（见表一）。至于普通话里的/r/，在武汉话里分别有/l/和/ʐ/相对应（见表二）。
武汉话裡没有[[翘舌音]]，声母一律是[[平舌音]]。因此，普通话里的/zh/ /ch/ /sh/在武汉话里一律对应为/z/ /c/ /s/（见表一）。至于普通话里的/r/，在武汉话里分别有/l/和/ʐ/相对应（见表二）。
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-->
-->


==Morphology==
==Media use==
The morphology of the Wuhan dialect shows both strong features of Southern Chinese and phenomena of language contact with neighbouring languages, particularly Xiang language.


Wuhan dialect is used in the 2019 film ''[[The Wild Goose Lake]]''.
===Southern features===


It is also used in the 2021 film ''[[Embrace Again]]'', which is set in Wuhan. ''Embrace Again'' was filmed and released in two versions, one in Wuhan dialect and one in [[Standard Mandarin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Light in the early, dark days of the pandemic |url=http://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202201/08/WS61d8e835a310cdd39bc7fda2.html |access-date=8 January 2022 |work=global.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref>
===Language contact===

==Syntax==

{{Empty section|date=August 2017}}

==Vocabulary==
*{{linktext|过早}} is a popular way to say 'having breakfast' in Wuhan.<ref>http://bbs.tianya.cn/post-free-197497-1.shtml</ref>
*{{linktext|黑区妈区}} pronounced 'hé qǖ mā qǖ' means 'very dark'.<ref>Changjiang Weekly 2018.03.23 pp.12. "Wuhan dialect hé qǖ mā qǖ 黑区妈区 Meaning: very dark"</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{Chinese language}}
{{Chinese language}}


[[Category:Hubei]]
[[Category:Culture in Hubei]]
⚫
[[Category:Mandarin Chinese]]
[[Category:Wuhan]]
[[Category:Wuhan]]
⚫
[[Category:Mandarin Chinese]]

Latest revision as of 16:40, 2 November 2024

Wuhan dialect
武汉话
Pronunciation[u⁴²xan¹³xua³⁵]
Native toChina
RegionWuhan, Hubei
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
ISO 639-6xghu
cmn-xwu
GlottologNone

The Wuhan dialect (simplified Chinese: 武汉话; traditional Chinese: 武漢話, local pronunciation: [u⁴²xan¹³xua³⁵]; pinyin: Wǔhànhuà), also known as the Hankou dialect after the former town of Hankou, belongs to the Wu–Tian branch of Southwest Mandarin spoken in Wuhan, Tianmen and surrounding areas in Hubei, China. The Wuhan dialect has limited mutual intelligibility with Standard Chinese. Grammatically, it has been observed to have a similar aspect system to Xiang Chinese.[1]

Phonology

[edit]

Tones

[edit]

Like other Southwest Mandarin varieties, there are four tones. Words with the checked tone in Middle Chinese became the light level tone.

  • Dark level 55 (also 44)
  • Light level 312
  • Rising 42
  • Falling 35
  • Neutral
Middle Chinese tone class Wuhan Example
Dark level
 āōēīūǖ 拉 (la55)
Light level ǎǒěǐǔǚ 爸 (pa213)
Rising tone àòèìùǜ 走 (zou42)
falling tone áóéíúǘ 叫 (tɕiau35)
neutral tone .

Media use

[edit]

Wuhan dialect is used in the 2019 film The Wild Goose Lake.

It is also used in the 2021 film Embrace Again, which is set in Wuhan. Embrace Again was filmed and released in two versions, one in Wuhan dialect and one in Standard Mandarin.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Zhang, Shiliang (2015). The Wuhan Dialect: A Hybrid Southwestern Mandarin Variety of Sinitic (MA thesis). The University of Hong Kong. doi:10.5353/th_b5481914 (inactive 1 November 2024). hdl:10722/211145.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  2. ^ "Light in the early, dark days of the pandemic". global.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
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