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{{short description|Species of bird in the family Thraupidae.}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| name = Yellow-shouldered grassquit
| name = Yellow-shouldered grassquit
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| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22723622 |title=''Loxipasser anoxanthus'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Loxipasser anoxanthus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22723622A94826195 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22723622A94826195.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Loxipasser
| genus = Loxipasser
| parent_authority = [[Henry Bryant (naturalist)|Bryant]], 1866
| parent_authority = [[Henry Bryant (naturalist)|Bryant]], 1866
| species = anoxanthus
| species = anoxanthus
| authority = ([[Philip Henry Gosse|Gosse]], 1847)
| authority = ([[Philip Henry Gosse|Gosse]], 1847)
| synonyms = ''Spermophila anoxantha'' ([[protonym]])

| range_map = Loxipasser anoxanthus map.jpg
}}
}}


The '''yellow-shouldered grassquit''' (''Loxipasser anoxanthus'') is a species of [[bird]] in the family [[Thraupidae]]. It is [[monotypic]] within the genus '''''Loxipasser'''''. It is [[endemic]] to [[Jamaica]]. Its natural [[habitat]]s are [[subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest]], subtropical or tropical moist [[montane forest]], and heavily degraded former forest.
The '''yellow-shouldered grassquit''' ('''''Loxipasser anoxanthus''''') is a species of bird in the tanager family [[Thraupidae]] that is [[endemic]] to [[Jamaica]]. It is the only member of the genus '''''Loxipasser'''''. Its natural [[habitat]]s are [[subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest]], subtropical or tropical moist [[montane forest]], and heavily degraded former forest.

==Taxonomy==
The yellow-shouldered grassquit was [[species description|formally described]] in 1847 by the English naturalist [[Philip Henry Gosse]] as the "Yellow-back finch" in his book ''The Birds of Jamaica''. Gosse coined the [[binomial name]] ''Spermophila anoxantha''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gosse | first=Philip Henry | author-link=Philip Henry Gosse | year=1847 | title=The Birds of Jamaica | location=London | publisher=J. Van Voorst | page=247 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14455805 }}</ref> The species was moved to the genus ''Loxipasser'' by the naturalist [[Henry Bryant (naturalist)|Henry Bryant]] in 1866.<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Bryant | first=Henry | author-link=Henry Bryant (naturalist) | year=1866 | title=A list of birds from Porto Rico presented to the Smithsonian Institution, by Messrs. Robert Swift and George Latimer, with descriptions of new species or varieties | journal=Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History | volume=10 | pages=248–257 [254] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9492236 }}</ref> The genus name combines the word ''[[Loxia]]'' introduced by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in 1758 for the crossbills with ''[[Passer]]'' introduced by [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] in 1760 for the sparrows. The specific epithet ''anoxanthus'' is formed from the [[Ancient Greek]] ''anō'' meaning "above" or "upperparts" with ''xanthos'' meaning "yellow".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=48, 231}}</ref> The yellow-shouldered grassquit is [[monotypic]]: no [[subspecies]] are recognised.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Tanagers and allies | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/tanagers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=14 November 2020 }}</ref>

Although the yellow-shouldered grassquit was traditionally placed with the buntings and [[New World sparrow]]s in the family [[Emberizidae]],<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1970 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=13 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=157 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483392 }}</ref> [[molecular phylogenetic]] studies have shown that this species is a member of the [[subfamily]] Coerebinae within the tanager family [[Thraupidae]].<ref>{{cite journal| last1=Burns | first1=K.J. | last2=Shultz | first2=A.J. | last3=Title | first3=P.O. | last4=Mason | first4=N.A. | last5=Barker | first5=F.K. | last6=Klicka | first6=J. | last7=Lanyon | first7=S.M. | last8=Lovette | first8=I.J. | year=2014 | title=Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution| volume=75| pages=41–77 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006 | pmid=24583021 | url=https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3613&context=biosci_pubs }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* Raffaele, Herbert; James Wiley, Orlando Garrido, Allan Keith & Janis Raffaele (2003) ''Birds of the West Indies'', Christopher Helm, London.
* Raffaele, Herbert; James Wiley, Orlando Garrido, Allan Keith & Janis Raffaele (2003) ''Birds of the West Indies'', Christopher Helm, London.

==External links==
* [https://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Loxipasser-anoxanthus Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the yellow-shouldered grassquit]

{{Passeroidea|T.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q775691}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q775691}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:grassquit, yellow-shouldered}}
[[Category:Thraupidae|yellow-shouldered grassquit]]
[[Category:Thraupidae|yellow-shouldered grassquit]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of Jamaica]]
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[[Category:Taxa named by Philip Henry Gosse|yellow-shouldered grassquit]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Philip Henry Gosse|yellow-shouldered grassquit]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

[[Category:Tanagers]]


{{Thraupidae-stub}}
{{Thraupidae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:14, 4 January 2024

Yellow-shouldered grassquit
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Thraupidae
Genus: Loxipasser
Bryant, 1866
Species:
L. anoxanthus
Binomial name
Loxipasser anoxanthus
(Gosse, 1847)
Synonyms

Spermophila anoxantha (protonym)

The yellow-shouldered grassquit (Loxipasser anoxanthus) is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae that is endemic to Jamaica. It is the only member of the genus Loxipasser. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and heavily degraded former forest.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The yellow-shouldered grassquit was formally described in 1847 by the English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse as the "Yellow-back finch" in his book The Birds of Jamaica. Gosse coined the binomial name Spermophila anoxantha.[2] The species was moved to the genus Loxipasser by the naturalist Henry Bryant in 1866.[3] The genus name combines the word Loxia introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 for the crossbills with Passer introduced by Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 for the sparrows. The specific epithet anoxanthus is formed from the Ancient Greek anō meaning "above" or "upperparts" with xanthos meaning "yellow".[4] The yellow-shouldered grassquit is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[5]

Although the yellow-shouldered grassquit was traditionally placed with the buntings and New World sparrows in the family Emberizidae,[6] molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that this species is a member of the subfamily Coerebinae within the tanager family Thraupidae.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Loxipasser anoxanthus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22723622A94826195. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22723622A94826195.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Gosse, Philip Henry (1847). The Birds of Jamaica. London: J. Van Voorst. p. 247.
  3. ^ Bryant, Henry (1866). "A list of birds from Porto Rico presented to the Smithsonian Institution, by Messrs. Robert Swift and George Latimer, with descriptions of new species or varieties". Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. 10: 248–257 [254].
  4. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 48, 231. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  6. ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 157.
  7. ^ Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.
  • Raffaele, Herbert; James Wiley, Orlando Garrido, Allan Keith & Janis Raffaele (2003) Birds of the West Indies, Christopher Helm, London.
[edit]


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