List of heads of former ruling families
These individuals may or may not claim titles associated with an abolished monarchy. Individuals who stake claims to monarchical titles but who are not part of former dynasties are not included. Note that a country may have multiple houses with a claim to the defunct position.
Africa
[edit]State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burundi | Rosa Paula Iribagiza[af 1] | 1 May 1977 | Ntwero | Daughter of Mwami Mwambutsa IV (1915–1966). | Hereditary | 1966 | |
Central African Empire | Jean-Bédel Bokassa Jr. | 3 November 1996 | Bokassa | Heir apparent and son of Emperor Bokassa I (1976–1979).[af 2] | 1979 | ||
Egypt | Fuad II | 18 June 1953[af 3] | Muhammad Ali | Last reigning King (1952–1953). | 1953 | ||
Ethiopia | Zera Yacob Amha Selassie[af 4] | 7 February 1997 | Solomon[af 5] | Grandson of Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974). | Hereditary [af 6] | 1975 | |
Girma Yohannes Iyasu[af 7] | 1977 | Grandson of Emperor Iyasu V (1913–1916).[af 8] | |||||
Libya | Muhammad bin Hasan | 18 June 1992 | Senussi | Grandnephew of King Idris I (1951–1969). | Hereditary | 1969 | |
Rwanda | Emmanuel Bushayija (Yuhi VI) | 9 January 2017[af 9] | Abanyiginya[af 10] | Nephew of Mwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959–1961). | Hereditary and Elective[af 11] | 1961 | [6] |
Zanzibar | Jamshid bin Abdullah | 12 January 1964[af 12] | Al Bu Sa'id | Last reigning Sultan (1963–1964). | Hereditary | 1964 |
Americas
[edit]State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | Bertrand | 15 July 2022 | Orléans-Braganza[am 1] | Great-great-grandson of Emperor Pedro II (1831–1889). | Hereditary | 1889 | [7][8][9][10] [11][12][13][14] |
Pedro Carlos | 27 December 2007 | ||||||
Mexico | Maximilian | November 1949 | Iturbide[am 2] | Great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Agustín I (1822–1823). | 1867 | [16] | |
Carlos Felipe | 6 September 2011 | Habsburg-Lorraine | Great-great-grandnephew of Emperor Maximilian I (1864–1867) | [17][18][19][20] |
Asia
[edit]State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Muhammad Zahir Khan | 4 June 2024 | Barakzai | Grandson of King Zahir Shah (1933–1973).[as 1] | Hereditary | 1973 | |
Burma | Soe Win | 12 January 2019 | Konbaung | Great-grandson of Thibaw Min (1878–1885) | 1885 | [21][22] | |
Champasak | Keo Champhonesak | 17 March 1980 | Khun Lo | Grandson of last ruling King Ratsadanay (1900–1904) | 1904 | [23][24] | |
China | Jin Yuzhang | 10 April 2015 | Aisin Gioro | Great-great-grandson of the Daoguang Emperor (1820–1850) Nephew of the Xuantong Emperor (1908–1912; 1932–1945) |
1912 (Qing dynasty) 1945 (Manchukuo) |
[25][26] | |
Iran (Pahlavi) | Reza | 27 July 1980 | Pahlavi | Heir apparent and son of Shah Mohammad Rezā (1941–1979).[as 2] | 1979 | ||
Iran (Qajar) | Mohammad Hassan Mirza II | 5 May 1988 | Qajar | Great-grandson of Shah Mohammad Ali (1907–1909). | 1925 | ||
Iraq | Ra'ad bin Zeid | 18 October 1970 | Hāshim[as 3] | Relative of King Faisal II (1939–1958).[as 4] | 1958 | ||
Johor-Singapore | Muhammad Shawal | 31 October 1996 | Bendahara-Johor | 4th-great-grandson of Sultan Hussein Shah (1819–1835). | 1824 | [28] | |
Korea | Yi Won[as 5] | 16 July 2005 | Yi[as 6] | Great-grandson of Emperor Gojong (1897–1907). Grandnephew of Emperor Sunjong (1907–1910). |
1910 | [29][30][31][32] | |
Andrew Lee[as 7] | 2022 | Declared successor by Yi Seok, who is a grandson of Emperor Gojong (1897–1907) and nephew of Emperor Sunjong (1907–1910). | [33][34][35] | ||||
Laos | Soulivong Savang | 19 September 1997[as 8] | Khun Lo | Grandson of King Sisavang Vatthana (1959–1975). | 1975 | ||
Ottoman Empire | Harun Osmanoğlu | 18 January 2021 | Osman | Great-grandson of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876–1909).[as 9] | 1922 | ||
Ryūkyū | Mamoru Shō | 30 August 1996 | Shō | Great-great-grandson of King Shō Tai (1848–1879). | 1879 | [37] | |
Sarawak | Jason Desmond Anthony Brooke | 27 May 2017 | Brooke | Great-grandnephew of Rajah Vyner (1917–1946). | 1946 | [38] | |
Sulu | Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram | 16 February 1986 | Kiram | Son of Sultan Mohammed Mahakuttah Abdullah Kiram (1974–1986). | 1915 | [39] | |
Syria | Ra'ad bin Zeid | 18 October 1970 | Hāshim | Half-nephew of King Faisal I (1920). | 1920 | ||
Vietnam | Bao Ngoc | 15 March 2017 | Nguyen Phuc | Eldest son of Emperor Duy Tân (1907–1916) | 1945 | [40] | |
Yemen | Ageel bin Muhammad | 6 August 1996 | Rassid | Eldest son of King Muhammad al-Badr (1962).[as 10] | 1962 |
India and Pakistan
[edit]State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alipura | Manvendra Singh | Parihar | Grandson of last ruling Rao Bahadur Raja Raghuraj Singh | Hereditary | 1950 | [41][42][43] | |
Alwar | Jitendra Singh | 15 February 2009 | Kachhwaha | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Tej Singh Prabhakar | 1949 | [44] | |
Amb | Salahuddin Saeed Khan Tanoli | Tanoli | Grandson of last ruling Nawab Muhammad Farid Khan | 1969 | [45] | ||
Bahawalpur | Nawab Salahuddin Abbasi | 14 April 1988 | Abbasi | Grandson of last ruling Nawab Sadeq Mohammad Khan V | 1955 | [46] | |
Balasinor | Salauddinkhan Babi | 25 January 2018 | Babi | Son of last ruling Nawab Muhammad Salabat Khan | 1949 | [47][48] | |
Bamra | Nitesh Ganga Deb | 1997 | Grandson of last ruling Raja Bhanuganga Tribhuban Deb | 1948 | [49] | ||
Baramba | Tribikram Chandra Deb Birabara Mangaraj Mahapatra | 1979 | Grandson of last ruling Raja Narayan Chandra Birabara Mangaraj Mohapatra | [50] | |||
Baria | Tushar Singh | 14 February 2015 | Grandson of last ruling Maharawal Jaydeep Singh | [51][52] | |||
Baroda | Samarjitsinh Gaekwad | 2012 | Gaekwad | Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad | 1949 | [53] | |
Barwani | Manvendra Singh | 2007 | Sisodia | Son of last ruling Maharana Devi Singh | 1948 | [54][55] | |
Bastar | Kamal Chandra Bhanj Deo | 1996 | Bhanj | Grand nephew of last ruling Maharaja Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo | [56] | ||
Benares | Anant Narayan Singh | 25 December 2000 | Narayan | Son of last ruling Maharaja Vibhuti Narayan Singh | [57] | ||
Bengal and Murshidabad | Abbas Ali Meerza | 13 August 2014 | Najafi | Nephew of Nawab Waris Ali Mirza | 1884 | [58] | |
Bharatpur | Vishvendra Singh | July 1995 | Sinsiniwar Jat | Son of last ruling Maharaja Brijendra Singh | 1947 | [59] | |
Bhavnagar | Vijayrajsinhji Virbhadrasinhji Gohil | 26 July 1994 | Gohil | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Rao Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji | 1948 | [60] | |
Bhopal | Saif Ali Khan | 2011 | Mirazi Khe | Great-grandson of last ruling Nawab Hamidullah Khan | 1949 | [61] | |
Bundi | Vanshvardhan Singh | 2 April 2022 | Hada Chauhan | [62] | |||
Burdwan | Saday Chand Mehtab | 1984 | Son of last ruling Maharaja Uday Chand Mahtab | 1947 | [63] | ||
Bushahr | Vikramaditya Singh | 10 July 2021 | Son of last ruling Raja Virbhadra Singh | 1948 | [64] | ||
Carnatic Sultanate | Muhammed Abdul Ali | 4 July 1993 | Son of Prince Ghulam Mohammed Abdul Khader of Arcot | 1855 | [65] | ||
Chamba | Prem Singh | 21 May 1971 | Mosana | Son of last ruling Raja Lakshman Singh | 1948 | [66][67] | |
Charkhari | Jayant Singh | 1977 | Bundela | Son of last ruling Maharaja Jayendra Singh | 1947 | [68] | |
Chhatarpur | Kunwar Vikram Singh | 2006 | Parmar | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Bhavani Singh Bahadur | 1950 | [69][70] | |
Chhota Udaipur | Jai Pratap Sinhji | 2005 | Chauhan | Son of last ruling Maharawal Virendrasinhji | 1948 | [71] | |
Chitral | Fateh-ul-Mulk Ali Nasir | 20 October 2011 | Katur | Son of last ruling Mehtar Muhammad Saif ul-Mulk Nasir | 1969 | [72] | |
Chuda | Krishnakumarsinhji | 1999 | Jhala | Son of last ruling Thakore Shri Dharmendrasinhji | 1948 | [73][74][75] | |
Danta | Riddhiraj Singh | 16 July 2023 | Parmar | Great-Grandson of last ruling Maharana Bhavanisinhji | [76][77][78] | ||
Datia | Arunaditya Singh Judeo | April 2020 | Bundela | Great-great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Govind Singh Judeo | 1950 | [79][80] | |
Dewas Senior | Vikram Singh Rao II Puar | 19 June 2015 | Puar | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Krishnajirao III | 1948 | [81] | |
Dhenkanal | Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo | August 1965 | Son of last ruling Raja Shankar Pratap Singh Dev | [82] | |||
Dholpur | Dushyant Singh | 2015 | Bamraulia | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Udaybhanu Singh | 1949 | [83] | |
Dhrangadhra | Sodhsalji Mayurdhwajsinhji | 1 August 2010 | Jhala | Son of last ruling Maharaja Meghrajji III | 1948 | [84][85][86] | |
Dhrol | Padmarajsinhji | Jadeja | Great-great-grandson of Thakore Saheb Shri Harisinhji Jaisinhji (1886-1914) | [77][75][87] | |||
Dungarpur | Harshvardhan Singh | 19 August 2023 | Sisodia | Grandson of last ruling Maharawal Laxman Singh | 1947 | [88][89] | |
Faridkot | Amarinder Singh Brar | 2017 | Brar | Grand-nephew of last ruling Maharaja Harinder Singh Brar | 1948 | [90][91] | |
Gondal | Himanshusinhji | 31 January 2022 | Jadeja | Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Thakur Sahib Bhojrajji Bhagwatsimhji | 1949 | [92] | |
Gwalior | Jyotiraditya Scindia | 2001 | Scindia | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia | 1948 | [93] | |
Hunza | Ghazanfar Ali Khan | 18 March 1976 | Son of last ruling Mir Muhammad Jamal Khan | 1974 | [94][95][96][97] | ||
Hyderabad | Azmet Jah | 14 January 2023 | Asaf Jah | Great-grandson of last Nizam Osman Ali Khan | 1948 | [98] | |
Raunaq Yar Khan | 11 February 2023 | Descendant of last Nizam Osman Ali Khan | [99] | ||||
Idar | Rajendra Singh | 1992 | Rathore | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Himmat Singh | [100][101] | ||
Indore | Usha Devi Holkar | 1961 | Holkar | Daughter of last ruling Maharaja Yashwant Rao Holkar II | [102] | ||
Jaipur | Padmanabh Singh | 2011 | Kachwaha | Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Man Singh II | [103] | ||
Jaisalmer | Chaitanya Raj Singh | 28 December 2020 | Bhati | Great-great-grandson of last ruling Maharawal Jawahir Singh | 1947 | [104][105] | |
Jammu and Kashmir | Karan Singh | April 1961 | Dogra | Son of last ruling Maharaja Hari Singh | 1952 | [106] | |
Janjira | Shah Mahmud Khan | 1 April 1972 | Siddi | Son of last ruling Nawab Sidi Muhammad Khan | 1948 | [107] | |
Jasdan | Satyajitkumar Khachar | 1989 | Grandson of last ruling Darbar Saheb Shri Ala Khachar | [108][109][110] | |||
Jashpur | Ranvijay Singh Judev | 4 October 1982 | Chauhan | Grandson of last ruling Raja Vijay Bushan Singh Judeo | [111] | ||
Jhabua | Narendra Singh | 2002 | Rathore | Grandson of last ruling Raja Dilip Singh | [112][113][114] | ||
Jhalawar | Chandrajit Singh | 24 April 2004 | Jhala | Grandson of last ruling Maharaj Rana Harisch Chandra Singh | 1949 | [115][116] | |
Jind | Satbir Singh | 7 September 1959 | Phulkian | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Ranbir Singh | 1948 | [117] | |
Jodhpur | Gaj Singh | 26 January 1952 | Rathore | Son of last ruling Maharaja Hanwant Singh | 1947 | [118] | |
Junagadh | Mohammad Ali Murtaza Khanji | 20 July 2023 | Babi | Great-Grandson of last ruling Nawab Muhammad Mahabat Khan III | 1948 | [119] | |
Kalahandi | Anant Pratap Deo | 2 September 2019 | Nagvanshis | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Pratap Keshari Deo | [120] | ||
Kalat | Suleman Daud | 1998 | Ahmadzai | Grandson of last ruling Khan Mir Ahmad Yar Khan | [121] | ||
Kangra-Lambagraon | Aishwarya Chand Katoch | 30 December 2021 | Katoch | 1947 | [122][123] | ||
Kapurthala | Sukhjit Singh | 1955 | Ahluwalia | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Jagatjit Singh | [124] | ||
Karauli | Krishan Chandra Pal | 1984 | Jadon | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Ganeshapal | 1949 | [125][126] | |
Keonjhar | Dhananjay Bhanj Deo | 1 December 2019 | Bhanj | Grand-nephew of last ruling Raja Balabhadra Narayana Bhanja Deo | 1948 | [127] | |
Khairpur | George Ali Murad Khan | 10 November 1954 | Talpur | Last ruling Mir | 1955 | [128] | |
Khilchipur | Priyavrat Singh | 31 July 2006 | Chauhan | Grandson of last ruling Raja Yashodar Singh | 1948 | [69] | |
Kishangarh | Brajraj Singh | 16 February 1971 | Rathore | Son of last ruling Maharaja Sumar Singh | 1947 | [129] | |
Kolhapur | Shahu II | 1983 | Bhonsle | Son of last ruling Maharaja Shahaji II | 1949 | [130] | |
Kota | Ijyaraj Singh | 29 January 2022 | Chauhan | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Bhim Singh II | 1948 | [131] | |
Kutch | Hanvantsinhji | 28 May 2021 | Jadeja | Son of last ruling Maharaja Madansinhji | [132] | ||
Kutlehar | Budhishwar Pal | 4 August 2014 | Son of last ruling Raja Sahib Sri Mahendrapal | 1947 | [133] | ||
Lakhtar | Balbhadrasinhji | 1970 | Jhala | Son of last ruling Thakore Saheb Shri Indrasinhji | [134][135] | ||
Las Bela | Jam Kamal Khan | 3 February 2013 | Grandson of last ruling Jam Ghulam Qadir Khan | 1955 | [136] | ||
Limbdi | Jaideepsinhji | 25 January 2020 | Jhala | Son of last ruling Thakore Saheb Shri Chhatarsalji | 1947 | [137][75][87] | |
Loharu | Ala-uddin Ahmad Khan II | 12 June 1983 | Son of last ruling Nawab Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan | 1947 | [138] | ||
Maihar | Akshayraj Singh | Kachhwaha | 1948 | [139] | |||
Manipur | Leishemba Sanajaoba | 1996 | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Bodhchandra Singh | 1949 | [140] | ||
Mayurbhanj | Praveen Chandra Bhanj Deo | 15 September 2000 | Bhanj | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Pratap Chandra Bhanj Deo | [141] | ||
Mewar | Arvind Singh | 19 November 1984 | Sisodia | Grandson of last Maharana Bhupal Singh | 1948 | [142] | |
Mahendra Singh | |||||||
Muli | Jitendrasinhji | Parmar | Grandson of last ruling Thakore Saheb Shri Harischandrasinhji | 1950 | [143][87][144][145] | ||
Mysore | Yaduveer Krishnadatta Chamaraja Wadiyar | 28 May 2015 | Wadiyar | Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar | 1948 | [146] | |
Nagar | Qasim Ali Khan | 2011 | Maghlot | Grandson of last ruling Mir Shaukat Ali Khan | 1974 | [147] | |
Narsinghgarh | Rajyavardhan Singh | 24 January 2019 | Parmar | Son of titular Maharaja Bhanu Prakash Singh | 1948 | [148] | |
Nawanagar | Shatrusalyasinhji | 3 February 1966 | Jadeja | Son of last ruling Maharaja Digvijaysinhji | [149][150] | ||
Nilgiri | Jayant Chandra Mardaraj Harichandan | 30 May 2001 | Bhanj | [151][152][153] | |||
Oudh | Sahibzada Shahanshah Mirza | 28 January 2022 | Awadh | Great-Great-Grandson of Wajid Ali Shah | 1859 | [154][155] | |
Panna | Chhatrasal II | 29 January 2023 | Bundela | Great-great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Yadvendra Singh Judeo | 1950 | [156][157][158] | |
Pataudi | Saif Ali Khan | 22 September 2011 | Pataudi | Grandson of last ruling Nawab Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi | 1948 | [159] | |
Patialia | Amarinder Singh | June 1974 | Phulkian | Son of last Maharaja Yadavindra Singh | [160] | ||
Patna | Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo | 2004 | Chauhan | Grandson of last ruling Maharaja Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo | [161] | ||
Phaltan | Ramraje Pratapsinh | 2004 | Naik Nimbalkar | Grandson of last ruling Raja Shrimant Sir Malojirao Naik-Nimbalkar | [162] | ||
Pratapgarh | Jai Singh Sisodia | 29 November 2017 | Sisodia | Grandson of last ruling Maharawat Ram Singh Sisodia | 1949 | [163] | |
Pudukkottai | R. Rajagopala Tondaiman | 16 January 1997 | Tondaiman | Nephew of last ruling Raja Rajagopala Tondaiman | 1948 | [164][165] | |
Puri/Khurda Kingdom | Dibyasingha Deba | 7 July 1970 | Bhoi | Grandson of last colonial-era Gajapati Maharaja Ramchandra Deva IV | 1947 | [166][167][168] | |
Raghogarh | Digvijaya Singh | 1967 | Son of last ruling Raja Balbhadra Singh | 1947 | [70][169] | ||
Rajkot | Mandhatasinhji Jadeja | 27 September 2018 | Jadeja | Grandson of last ruling Thakore Saheb Pradyumansinhji Lakhajirajsinhji | 1948 | [170] | |
Rajpipla | Raghubir Singh | 2 February 1963 | Gohil | Grandson of last ruling Maharana Vijaysinhji | 1948 | [171] | |
Rampur | Muhammad Kazim Ali Khan | 5 April 1992 | Rohilla | Grandson of last ruling Nawab Raza Ali Khan | 1947 | [172] | |
Rewa | Pushparaj Singh | 20 November 1995 | Baghel | Son of last ruling Maharaja Martand Singh | [173][174] | ||
Sachin | Mohomad Reza Khan | Siddi | Descendant of last ruling Nawab Sidi Mohammad Haydar Khan | 1948 | [175][176][177] | ||
Sailana | Vikram Singh | 1990 | Rathore | Grandson of last ruling Raja Dileep Singh | [178][179] | ||
Santrampur | Paranjay Aditya Sinhji | 1991 | Parmar | Son of Maharana Krishna Kumar Sinhji | 1950 | [180][181][182] | |
Sikkim | Wangchuk Namgyal | 29 January 1982 | Namgyel | Son of Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal (1963–1975). | 1975 | [183] | |
Sirmur | Lakshyaraj Prakash | May 2013 | Prakash | Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Rajendra Prakash | 1948 | [184] | |
Sirohi | Raghuveer Singh | 1998 | Chauhan | 1949 | [185] | ||
Surguja | T. S. Singh Deo | 2001 | Raksel | Great-grandson of last ruling Maharaja Ramanuj Saran Singh Deo | 1948 | [186][111] | |
Talcher | Rajendra Chandra Deb | Kachhwaha | [187][188] | ||||
Tehri Garhwal | Manujendra Shah Sahib Bahadur | 7 January 2007 | Parmar | Son of last ruling Maharaja Manabendra Shah | 1949 | [189] | |
Thanjavur | Babaji Rajah Bhonsle Chattrapathi | 1985 | Bhonsle | 6th generation descendant of Raja Serfoji II (1787–1832) | 1855 | [190][191][192][193] | |
Tigiria | Bir Pratap Singh Deo | 1 December 2015 | Son of last ruling Raja Brajraj Mahapatra | 1948 | [194] | ||
Tonk | Aftab Ali Khan | 4 September 1994 | Salarzai | 1949 | [195] | ||
Travancore | Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma | 16 December 2013 | Venad Swaroopam | Nephew of last ruling Maharaja Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma | 1949 | [196] | |
Tripura | Pradyot Bikram Manikya Deb Barma | 28 November 2006 | Manikya | Son of last ruling Maharaja Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman | [197] | ||
Vijayanagara Empire | Krishnadevaraya | Aravidu | 19th generation descendant of last ruling emperor | 1646 | [198][199] | ||
Wadhwan | Chaitanya Dev Sinhji | Jhala | Grandson of last ruling Thakur Sahib Joravar Sinhji | 1948 | [200][201][202] | ||
Wankaner | Kesridevsinh Jhala | 4 April 2021 | Great-grandson of last ruling Maharana Raj Sahib Amarsinhji Banesinhji | 1947 | [203] |
Nepal
[edit]Nepal's numerous small monarchies were collectively abolished by the federal government on 7 October 2008. At the time, the thrones of both Salyan and Jajarkot had been vacant since the deaths of Rajas Gopendra Bahadur and Prakash Bikram respectively (both in 2003), and have remained vacant.
State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nepal | Gyanendra | 28 May 2008[as 11] | Shah[as 12] | Last reigning Maharajdhiraja (2001–2008). | Hereditary | 2008 | [204] |
Bajhang | Vinod Bahadur | 7 October 2008[as 13] | Last reigning Raja (1989–2008). | Hereditary[as 14] | [205] |
South Yemen
[edit]State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qu'aiti | Ghalib II | 17 September 1967 | al-Qu'aiti | Last ruling Sultan (1966–1967) | Hereditary | 1967 | [206][207][208] |
Thailand
[edit]State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chiang Mai | Wongsak Na Chiangmai | 1989 | Thipphachak | Grandson of Kaew Nawarat (1910–1939), the last King of Lan Na and Prince Ruler of Chiang Mai | Hereditary | 1939 | [209] |
Lamphun | Watthanan Na Lamphun | 21 February 1995 | Grandson of last Prince Ruler Chakkham Khachonsak (1911–1943) | 1943 | [210][211][212] |
Europe
[edit]Source[213]
State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Leka | 30 November 2011 | Zogu | Grandson of King Zog I (1928–1939). | Hereditary | 1939 de facto 1944 de jure |
|
Austria-Hungary (more) | Karl | 4 July 2011[eu 1] | Habsburg-Lorraine[eu 2] | Grandson of Emperor and King Charles I & IV (1916–1918).[eu 3] | 1918 | [214] | |
Bulgaria | Simeon II | 15 September 1946[eu 4] | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry[eu 5] | Last reigning Tsar (1943–1946). | 1946 | ||
Finland | Philipp | 23 May 2013 | Hesse | Great-grandson of King-elect Frederick Charles (1918). | 1919 | [215][216][217] | |
France (Legitimist) | Louis Alphonse | 30 January 1989 | Bourbon[eu 6] | 9th-great-grandson of King Louis XIV (1643–1715). | 1830 | [218] | |
France (Orléanist-Unionist) | Jean | 21 January 2019 | Orléans[eu 7] | 4th-great-grandson of King Louis Philippe I (1830–1848). | Hereditary | 1848 | [219][220] |
France (Bonapartist) | Charles Napoléon | 3 May 1997[eu 8] | Bonaparte | Great-grandnephew of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870). | Hereditary | 1870 | [221][222] |
Jean Christophe | Great-great-grandnephew of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870). | ||||||
Georgia | David | 16 January 2008 | Mukhrani[as 15] | 13th-great-grandson of King Constantine II (1478–1505). | Hereditary | 1801 | |
Nugzar | 13 August 1984 | Gruzinsky[as 15] | Great-great-great-grandson of King George XII (1798–1800). | ||||
Greece | Pavlos | 10 January 2023 | Glücksburg[eu 9] | Son and heir apparent of King Constantine II (1964–1973). | 1973 | ||
Lithuania | Inigo | 9 February 1991 | Urach[223] | Grandson of King Mindaugas II (1918). | 1918 | [224] | |
Montenegro | Nicholas | 24 March 1986 | Petrović-Njegoš | Great-grandson of King Nicholas I (1910–1918). | 1918 | ||
Portugal | Duarte Pio | 24 December 1976 | Braganza[eu 10] | Great-grandson of King Miguel I (1828–1834). | 1910 | ||
Romania | Margareta[eu 11] | 5 December 2017 | Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen[eu 12] | Daughter of King Michael I (1927–1930 and 1940–1947). | 1947 | [225] | |
Paul-Philippe | 27 January 2006 | Grandson of King Carol II (1930–1940). | |||||
Russia | Maria Vladimirovna | 21 April 1992 | Romanov[eu 13] | Great-great-granddaughter of Emperor Alexander II (1855–1881).[eu 14] Recognised by Russian Orthodox Church.[226] |
1917 | ||
Karl Emich | 1 June 2013 | Great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Alexander II (1855–1881). | |||||
Alexis Andreevich | 28 November 2021 | Great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Nicholas I (1825–1855).[eu 14] | |||||
Serbia | Alexander | 3 November 1970 | Karađorđević | Great-grandson of King Peter I (1903–1918) | 1918 | ||
Yugoslavia | Son and heir apparent of King Peter II[eu 15] (1934–1945) | 1945 |
Germany
[edit]Source[213]
State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Abolition | Ref(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Empire | |||||||
Germany | Georg Friedrich | 26 September 1994 | Hohenzollern | Great-great-grandson of Kaiser Wilhelm II (1888–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | [227][228] |
Kingdoms | |||||||
Bavaria | Franz | 8 July 1996 | Wittelsbach | Great-grandson of King Ludwig III (1913–1918). Also heir to the Jacobite succession.[229] |
Hereditary | 1918 | |
Hanover | Ernst August | 9 December 1987 | Hanover[eu 16] | Great-great-grandson of King Georg V (1851–1866). | 1866 | [230] | |
Prussia | Georg Friedrich | 26 September 1994 | Hohenzollern | Great-great-grandson of King Wilhelm II (1888–1918). | 1918 | ||
Saxony | Daniel[citation needed] | 29 March 2022 | Wettin[eu 17] | Great-great-grandson of King Frederick Augustus III (1904–1918). | 1918 | ||
Alexander | 23 July 2012 | Great-grandson of King Frederick Augustus III (1904–1918). | |||||
Württemberg | Wilhelm[citation needed] | 7 June 2022 | Württemberg | Relative of King William II (1891–1918). | 1918 | ||
Grand Duchies | |||||||
Baden | Bernhard[citation needed] | 29 December 2022 | Zähringen | Great-great-great-grandson of Grand Duke Leopold I (1830–1852). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Hesse and by Rhine | Donatus | 23 May 2013 | Hesse | Relative of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig (1892–1918). | 1918 | ||
Mecklenburg-Strelitz | Borwin | 26 January 1996 | Mecklenburg[eu 18] | Great-great-great-grandson of Grand Duke Georg (1816–1860). | 1918 | ||
Oldenburg | Christian | 20 September 2014 | Holstein-Gottorp[eu 19] | Great-grandson of Grand Duke Frederick Augustus II (1900–1918). | 1918 | ||
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | Michael | 14 October 1988 | Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach[eu 5] | Grandson of Grand Duke William Ernest (1901–1918). | 1918 | ||
Duchies | |||||||
Anhalt | Eduard | 9 October 1963 | Ascania | Son of Duke Joachim Ernst (1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Brunswick | Ernst August | 9 December 1987 | Hanover[eu 16] | Grandson of Duke Ernst August (1913–1918). | 1918 | ||
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | Andreas | 23 January 1998 | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[eu 5] | Grandson of Duke Charles Edward (1900–1918). | 1918 | [231] | |
Saxe-Meiningen | Konrad | 4 October 1984 | Saxe-Meiningen[eu 5] | Great-grandson of Duke Georg II (1866–1914). | 1918 | ||
Schleswig-Holstein | Friedrich Ferdinand[citation needed] | 27 September 2023 | Glücksburg[eu 9] | Great-great-great-grandnephew of Duke Christian IX (1863–1864). | 1866 | ||
Principalities | |||||||
Hohenzollern[eu 20] | Karl Friedrich | 16 September 2010 | Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen[eu 21] | Great-great-grandson of Prince Karl Anton (1848–1849). | Hereditary | 1850 | [232] |
Lippe | Stephan | 20 August 2015 | Lippe | Grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1905–1918). | 1918 | ||
Friedrich Wilhelm | 15 June 1990 | Grandnephew of Prince Leopold IV (1905–1918). | |||||
Reuss[eu 22] | Heinrich XIV | 20 June 2012 | Reuss | Relative of Prince Heinrich XXVII (1913–1918).[eu 23] | 1918 | ||
Schaumburg-Lippe | Alexander | 28 August 2003 | Lippe | Grandnephew of Prince Adolf II (1911–1918). | 1918 | [233] | |
Waldeck and Pyrmont | Wittekind | 30 November 1967 | Waldeck | Grandson of Prince Friedrich (1893–1918). | 1918 | [234] |
Italy
[edit]Source[213]
Until the mid-nineteenth century, the Italian peninsula comprised a number of states, some of which were monarchies. During the Italian unification, the monarchs of such agglomerated states lost their sovereignty and their titles became purely ceremonial. The resultant throne of the Kingdom of Italy was held by the former king of Sardinia.
State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Italy | Aimone | 1 June 2021 | Savoy | Great-great-great-grandson of King Victor Emmanuel II (1861–1878). | Hereditary | 1946 | [235][236] |
Emanuele Filiberto | 3 February 2024 | Grandson of King Umberto II (1946). | |||||
Pre-unification | |||||||
Modena | Lorenzo | 7 February 1996 | Austria-Este[eu 2] | Great-grandnephew of Franz Ferdinand, adopted heir of Duke Francis V (1846–1859). | Hereditary | 1859 | [237] |
Parma | Carlos | 18 August 2010 | Bourbon-Parma[eu 7] | Great-grandson of Duke Robert I (1854–1859). Also one of the contested heirs to the Carlist succession.[238] |
1859 | [239][240] | |
Tuscany | Sigismondo | 18 June 1993 | Habsburg-Lorraine | Great-great-grandson of Grand Duke Ferdinand IV (1859). | 1859 | [241] | |
Ottaviano | 2001 | Medici (di Ottajano) | Collateral descendant of Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine (1667–1743), last direct dynast of the main branch of the Medici family. | [242] | |||
Two Sicilies | Pedro | 5 October 2015 | Bourbon-Two Sicilies[eu 24] | Great-great-great-grandson of King Ferdinand II (1830–1859). | 1861 | ||
Carlo | 20 March 2008 | Great-great-grandson of King Ferdinand II (1830–1859). |
Oceania
[edit]State | Head | Since | House | Claim | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hawaiʻi | Quentin Kawānanakoa | 29 July 1997 | Kawānanakoa[oc 1] | Great-grandson of David Kawānanakoa, heir apparent of Queen Liliʻuokalani (1891–1893). | 1895 | |
Owana Salazar[oc 2] | 19 September 1988 | Laʻanui[oc 3] | 5th-great-granddaughter of Kalokuokamaile, half-brother of King Kamehameha I (1795–1819). | |||
Edmund Keliʻi Silva Jr.[247] | 22 November 2002 | Kekaulike | Descendant of Kamehamehanui Aiʻlūʻau (died 1765) | [248][249] | ||
Darrick Lane Baker | 2016 | Kalākaua | Descendant of Kamakahelei (died 1794); Relative of Queen Liliʻuokalani (1891–1893). | [250] | ||
Tahiti | Léopold Pōmare[oc 4] | Pōmare | Descendant of Queen Pōmare IV (1827–1877). | 1880 | [251] | |
Teriʻihinoiatua Joinville Hinoiariki Pōmare XI[252] | 19 April 2023 | Adopted member of the Pōmare family. | 1880 | [253] |
See also
[edit]- Abolition of monarchy
- List of current non-sovereign monarchs
- List of last scions
- List of usurpers
- Monarchism
Notes
[edit]Africa
[edit]- ^ As the last living sister and daughter of the last and second-to-last kings respectively, Princess Rosa Paula Iribagiza is considered the head of the royal household. According to the relevant laws of succession, however, the crown must pass to a male member of the family.
- ^ Jean-Bédel Bokassa was Crown Prince of the Central African Empire from its inception on 4 December 1976 until its abolition on 20 September 1979.
- ^ Fuad II previously reigned as King of Egypt and the Sudan during his infancy, from 26 July 1952 until the monarchy's official abolition in 1953. He reigned in absentia, and under a regent.
- ^ Designated heir presumptive by his grandfather the Emperor on 14 April 1974. Confirmed as heir apparent by his father Amha Selassie I on 6 April 1988. He has used the title of crown prince since 7 April 1989, when his father was proclaimed emperor-in-exile. He is recognised as heir to the throne by the Imperial Crown Council.
- ^ The Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopia claims descent from King Solomon of Israel, who belonged to the House of David. Both of the current claimants are from the House of Shoa, which represents the junior branch of the dynasty.
- ^ According to the 1955 Constitution,[1] the Emperor designated his successor from members of his own family, with the rule of primogeniture preferred but not necessarily followed. Candidates for the succession must be descendants of the Solomonic dynasty, in the male or female line. They must also be practising members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and their candidature must be approved by the Imperial Crown Council. If the Emperor has no direct descendants, or if the crown prince is unable to perform his dynastic duties, the Crown Council selects the successor from amongst the members of the Solomonic dynasty.
- ^ Lij Girma claims that all governments in Ethiopia since the 1916 deposition of his grandfather are illegitimate, and as such, as the seniormost descendant of Iyasu V, he claims to be the nation's rightful monarch.
- ^ Iyasu V was heir apparent of Menelik II and succeeded as Emperor upon the latter's death, but was never crowned. His reign was terminated with the sanction of the Church following allegations of conversion to Islam.
- ^ Emmanuel Bushayija was chosen on 9 January 2017[2] to succeed his paternal uncle Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, who was deposed on 28 January 1961.[3]
- ^ The royal Abanyiginya clan of Tutsis.[4]
- ^ The mwami is selected from amongst members of the various royal clans by the Abiru, a traditional council of Tutsi and Hutu elders.[5]
- ^ Jamshid previously reigned as sultan from 1 July 1963 until the monarchy's abolition in 1964.
Americas
[edit]- ^ The imperial family of Brazil is descended from the Houses of Bragança and Orléans. The current line of succession is disputed between two branches: the Vassouras branch, headed by Prince Bertrand, and the Petrópolis branch, headed by Prince Pedro Carlos.
- ^ The current line of succession to the Mexican throne is descended from the House of Iturbide and Habsburg, which respectively ruled the First (1822–1823) and Second (1864–1867) Empires of Mexico. Maximilian I of Habsburg renounced all his incidental Austrian succession rights in April 1864 and later adopted Agustín de Iturbide y Green and Salvador de Iturbide y Marzán, two grandsons of Emperor Agustín I whom he appointed Prince of Iturbide and at the same time heir apparent.[15]
Asia
[edit]- ^ Ahmad Shah, second son of the last reigning king, was Crown Prince of Afghanistan from 26 November 1942 until the monarchy's end in 1973.
- ^ Rezā, eldest son of the last reigning shah, was Crown Prince of Iran from birth, on 31 October 1960, until the monarchy was deposed in 1979.
- ^ The name "Hashimites" refers to members of the Hāshim clan, a sept of the Quraysh tribe to which the Prophet Muhammad belonged.[27]
- ^ Ra'ad's father, Prince Zeid, was appointed Head of the Royal House of Iraq following the assassination of King Faisal II during the coup d'état in 1958. Zeid was the son of Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz.
- ^ Yi Ku appointed Yi Won, one of his first cousins once removed, as his heir in 10 July 2005 before his death.[29] The status of Yi Won as the leader of Jeonju Lee Royal Family Association, however, didn't become valid until 22 July 2005.[30] Yi Won later officially became the director of the family association on June 27, 2007.[31]
- ^ The House of Yi consists of the descendants of the Joseon dynasty.
- ^ Andrew Lee was adopted by a claimant to the head of the house, Yi Seok. Seok claimed that, in the will of late crown princess Yi Bangja, he was named as "first successor".[33]
- ^ After the monarchy was abolished in 1975, the senior members of the royal family were imprisoned by the military. The deaths of the former King, Queen, and Crown Prince were confirmed by the Lao authorities on 17 December 1989. The dates of actual death were not released, but the current heir, who is the eldest son of the late Crown Prince, escaped imprisonment and arrived in Thailand on 3 August 1981. He was confirmed as the successor to his grandfather by the Royal Council in Exile on 19 September 1997.
- ^ The sultans of the Ottoman Empire also held the title Caliph of Islam, thus claiming to be the spiritual leaders of all Muslims. The Ottoman Caliphate was abolished by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in 1924.[36]
- ^ Many of the kings of the Qasimid dynasty also held the title Imam and Commander of the Faithful, and were the spiritual leaders of the Zaidiyyah branch of Shi'a Islam. The Imamate ended with the republican revolution in 1962.
- ^ Gyanendra reigned as King of Nepal between 7 November 1950 and 8 January 1951, and again from 4 June 2001 until the monarchy was abolished in 2008.
- ^ Members of the Shah dynasty of Nepal are descended from the Parmar clan of Rajputs from the former state of Narsinghgarh in modern India.
- ^ Binod is the eldest son of Princess Shanti Singh of Nepal (one of the ten people who died in the Nepalese royal massacre). Binod is also the Director of Hotel Sherpa.
- ^ Succession to the throne, whilst hereditary, is also subject to confirmation from the reigning King of Nepal.
- ^ a b A branch of the House of Bagrationi. During the partition of the kingdom in the 15th Century, the Bagratid dynasty split into two main lineages: the Mukhrani line of Kartli, and the Gruzinsky line of Kakheti. It is between these two lineages that the leadership of the Royal House of Georgia is now disputed.
Europe
[edit]- ^ On 31 May 1961, Karl's father Otto renounced all claims to the Austrian throne in order to return from exile. He relinquished his position as head of the House of Habsburg to Karl on 1 January 2007.
- ^ a b A branch of the House of Lorraine cognatically descended from the House of Habsburg. The ducal family of Modena, which was historically descended from the House of Este, traditionally uses the name Austria-Este, which has continued to be adopted as a title by the current line.
- ^ The Austro-Hungarian monarch held the crowns of Austria and Hungary, and also reigned as King of Bohemia, King of Croatia, etc.
- ^ Simeon II reigned as Tsar of Bulgaria from 28 August 1943 until the monarchy was deposed in the Communist revolution of 1946. After returning to the country from exile in 1996, he later served as Prime Minister between 24 July 2001 and 17 August 2005.
- ^ a b c d A branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, A sept of the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin.
- ^ The House of Bourbon is a branch of the Capetian Dynasty.
- ^ a b A branch of the House of Bourbon.
- ^ Charles Napoléon is the current head of the House of Bonaparte. His son, Jean Christophe, was posthumously appointed heir to the imperial claim in the will of his grandfather, Louis Napoléon.
- ^ a b Officially the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, which is a branch of the House of Oldenburg.
- ^ A branch of the House of Aviz.
- ^ Margareta's father Michael I reigned as King of Romania between 20 July 1927 and 8 June 1930, and again from 6 September 1940 until the monarchy's abolition during the Communist revolution of 1947. A rival claim to the throne is maintained by the descendants of Carol Lambrino, Michael's elder half-brother from his father's first marriage. Carol Lambrino's eldest son, Paul-Philippe, has maintained his claim to the throne since his father's death on 27 January 2006.
- ^ A line of the House of Hohenzollern.
- ^ The House of Romanov is a line of the House of Holstein-Gottorp, which itself is a branch of the House of Oldenburg.
- ^ a b Full title: Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias, used since 1721, although commonly designated Tsar. The emperors of Russia were also the Grand Dukes of Finland from 1809 until 1917, and the Kings of Poland from 1815 until 1916.
- ^ King Peter II of Yugoslavia is a grandson of King Peter I of Serbia.
- ^ a b The House of Hanover is a branch of the House of Welf, which itself is a branch of the House of Este.
- ^ The kings of Saxony belonged to the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin.
- ^ The royal family of Mecklenburg-Strelitz belongs to the Strelitz branch of the House of Mecklenburg.
- ^ A branch of the House of Oldenburg.
- ^ The principalities of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen were created in 1576 from the partition of the territory of Hohenzollern. When the Hechingen lineage became extinct in 1869, the heirs of the Princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen reclaimed the title Prince of Hohenzollern.
- ^ A branch of the House of Hohenzollern.
- ^ The territory of Reuss was partitioned between the sons of the reigning prince in 1564, eventually resulting in the principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. The elder lineage expired in 1927 through the death of Heinrich XXIV (1902–1918), and inheritance passed to the junior line of Köstritz, whose heirs now claim the title Prince Reuss.
- ^ For details on the unusual numbering system of the Reuss-Köstritz lineage, see the main article.
- ^ This branch is known as the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. The right to succession is currently disputed between two branches of the family.
Oceania
[edit]- ^ The House of Kawānanakoa was a collateral line of succession of the reigning Kalākaua dynasty.[243] The penultimate king, Kalākaua, not having had any issue of his own, adopted and appointed the head of the Kawānanakoa as heirs after his own family line which ended with his sister, the last queen Liliʻuokalani. The House of Kawānanakoa is historically recognised as providing presumptive heirs to the throne should the monarchy be revived.
- ^ Noa Kalokuokamaile DeGuair is a descendant of the House of Kalokuokamaile, which was a collateral line of succession of the Kamehameha dynasty, the first line of Hawaiʻian kings. It became extinct in the male line during the time of the monarchy, and now survives through the female line as the House of Laʻanui.[244] The current descendants also belong to the Wilcox lineage of English and Italian descent. His claim on the throne is disputed.
- ^ The House of Laʻanui consists of maternal descendants of the House of Kalokuokamaile,[244] the seniormost branch of the chiefly House of Keōua Nui.[245] It descends from the eldest half-brother of Hawaiʻi's first king, Kamehameha the Great, who united the small chiefdoms of the Hawaiʻian Islands under the Kamehameha dynasty in 1810. When the male heirs of this lineage died out in 1872, it was replaced by the Kalākaua dynasty who ruled till 1893. It claims closer kinship to the kingdom's first dynasty while the Kawānanakoa line claims closer kinship to the kingdom's last dynasty.[246]
- ^ Recognised as the rightful heir to the Tahitian throne by a majority of the royal family's current members. He has migrated overseas, however, and currently[when?] lives in Paris.[251]
References
[edit]- ^ Imperial Constitution of Ethiopia (1955): Art. 2–6.
- ^ "Africa highlights: Tuesday 10 January 2017 as it happened". BBC News. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
Ex-Pepsi Cola employee becomes Rwandan king. Posted at 10:22 UTC. A 56-year-old man who lives in the UK and once worked for a soft drinks company in Uganda has been named Rwanda's king-in-exile. Prince Emmanuel Bushayija succeeds his grandfather, King Kigeli V, who died in the US [sic] in October aged 80. In a statement, the Royal House said the new monarch grew up in exile in Uganda, and later worked for Pepsi Cola in the capital, Kampala. 'He then went on to work in the tourism industry in Kenya, before returning to Rwanda between 1994 and 2000. Since then, His Majesty has lived in the United Kingdom, where he is married with two children,' it added.
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- ^ Pomeray, J.K. (1988). Rwanda. Chelsea House. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-55546-783-8.
- ^ Aimable Twagilimana (2007). Historical Dictionary of Rwanda. Scarecrow Press. p. xxx. ISBN 9780810864269.
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- ^ "Em meio ao caos, a família imperial brasileira sonha em voltar a reinar". Estado de Minas. 6 April 2018.
- ^ "Assembleia homenageia herdeiro da família real". Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais. 31 July 2019.
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Further reading
[edit]- McNaughton, Arnold (1973). The Book of Kings: A Royal Genealogy. London: Garnstone Press. ISBN 978-0-8129-0280-8.
- Truhart, Peter (2003). Regents of Nations: Systematic Chronology of States and Their Political Representatives in Past and Present. Volume 3: Asia & Pacific Oceania. K. G. Saur Verlag. ISBN 978-3-598-21545-2.