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{{Short description|1956 attack on Israeli Druze civilians by Palestinian fedayeen}}
{{Short description|1956 attack on Israeli Druze civilians by Palestinian fedayeen}}
{{One source|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox terrorist attack
{{Infobox terrorist attack
|title=Ein Ofarim killings
| title = Ein Ofarim killings
| partof = [[Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency]]
| partof = [[Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency]]
| map = {{location map|Israel negev mt|lat_deg=30|lat_min=46|lat_sec=4|lon_deg=35|lon_min=16|lon_sec=49|caption=The location of Hatzeva, Israel}}
|map = <div style="width:250px; float:none; clear:none;"><div style="position:relative; padding:0; width:250px;">[[File:Israel_outline_negev_mt.png|250px]]
| native_name = הפיגוע בעין עופרים
<br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 6.1%; left: 90%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; z-index:100;">[[File:Red pog.svg|7px]]</div><div style="position: font-size:90%; line-height: 110%; z-index:90; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; right: 6.5em; text-align: center;"><span style="padding: 1px;">'''The attack site'''</span></div></div></div></div>
|location=Ein Ofarim facility near [[Hatzeva]] in [[Southern District (Israel)|Southern Israel]]
| location = Ein Ofarim facility near [[Hatzeva]], [[Southern District (Israel)|Southern Israel]]
|caption=
| caption =
|target=
| target =
| date = {{start date and age|1956|9|12|df=yes}}
|date=September 12, 1956
| native_name_lang = heb
|time-begin=
|time-end=
| time-begin =
| time-end =
|timezone=
| timezone =
|type=Stabbing attack
| type = Stabbing attack
⚫
|fatalities=3 Israelis
| weapons = [[Knife|Knives]]
⚫
|injuries=
⚫
| fatalities = 3 Israelis
⚫
|perps=Palestinian [[Fedayeen]] squad
⚫
| injuries =
⚫
| perps = Palestinian [[Fedayeen]] squad
}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency}}
{{Campaignbox Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency}}
The '''Ein Ofarim killings''' was an attack by [[Palestinian Fedayeen]], which occurred on Wednesday night, 12 September 1956.<ref>{{cite news |title=Israel Cites Jordan Raid |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XDEeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3b4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=3652,1616220 |access-date=1 November 2022 |work=[[Sarasota Herald-Tribune]] |agency=[[United Press]] |issue=345 |date=14 September 1956 |pages=1–2}}</ref><ref name=traces>{{cite news|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/dav/1956/09/14/01/article/10/|page=1|last=Ad|first=Meshulam|title=עקבות רוצחי השומרים הובילו לגבול הירדני|trans-title=The traces of the murderers of the guards led to the Jordanian border|newspaper=[[Davar]]|via=[[National Library of Israel]]|date=14 September 1956}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Uzi|last=Eilam|author-link=Uzi Eilam|publisher=[[Miskal Publishing]]|pages=47, 193, 292|url=https://kotar.cet.ac.il/kotarapp/index/Chapter.aspx?nBookID=108764851&nTocEntryID=108765712|year=2020|trans-title=Night Raid|title=פשיטה לילית|isbn=9789652011305}}</ref>
The '''Ein Ofarim killings''' was an attack by [[Palestinian Fedayeen]], which occurred on Wednesday night, 12 September 1956.


==The attack==
==The attack==
On Wednesday night, 12 September 1956, a Palestinian [[Fedayeen]] squad infiltrated into Israel from [[Jordan]]. The militants attacked the Ein Ofarim oil-drilling camp near the village [[Hatzeva]], while other personnel were out of the camp for grocery shopping. They killed 3 [[Israeli Druze|Druze]] watchmen,<ref name="MorrisBorder">{{cite book | first=Benny | last=Morris | title = [[Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956]] | author-link = Benny Morris | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | year = 1993 | isbn = 0-19-829262-7 | pages = 409–410}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=18 September 1964|title=ישן וחדש בנופי ישראל|trans-title=Old and new in the landscapes of Israel|first=Sheffi|last=Gabbai|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/dav/1964/09/18/01/article/20/|newspaper=[[Davar]]|via=[[National Library of Israel]]|page=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Nachman|editor-last=Shai|editor-link=Nachman Shai|title=ביטחון 50: צה"ל, קהיליית המודיעין, משרד הביטחון|trans-title=Security 50: The [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]], the intelligence community, the [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Ministry of Defense]]|publisher=[[Alfa Tikshoret]]|year=1988|page=20|isbn=9789654740074 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63o-AQAAIAAJ}}</ref> one in his room. The bodies of the guards were stabbed and their guns were stolen by the attackers.<ref name=traces/>
On Wednesday night, 12 September 1956, a Palestinian [[Fedayeen]] squad infiltrated into Israel from [[Jordan]]. The militants reached the Ein Ofarim facility near the village [[Hatzeva]], where they stabbed to death 3 [[Israeli Druze|Druze]] guardsmen.

== Victims ==
The three victims, Nawaf Abu-Ghazi (25 years), Suleiman Hatoum (25 years) and Rafik Abdullah (23 years), were buried in their hometown of [[Kisra-Sumei|Sumei]].<ref name=victims/> They were commemorated on [[Mount Herzl]].<ref name=victims>{{cite web|title=חללי פעולות האיבה: אזרחים חללי פעולות איבה|trans-title=Victims of hostilities: Civilians victims of hostilities|url=https://laad.btl.gov.il/Web/He/TerrorVictims/Default.aspx?lastName=&firstName=&fatherName=&motherName=&place=&year=&month=&day=&yearHeb=&monthHeb=&dayHeb=&region=%d7%a2%d7%99%d7%9f%20%d7%a2%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%9d&period=&grave=|website=[[Bituah Leumi]]}}</ref>


== Aftermath ==
== Aftermath ==
With consulting his Cabinet, the [[David Ben-Gurion|Israeli Prime Minister]] decided on a reprisal raid.<ref name="MorrisBorder"/> Since the nearest Jordanian police fort was 'topologically difficult', the police fort 80 kilometers away at Gharandal was chosen.<ref name="MorrisBorder"/> During the operation, either 9 or 13 Jordanian police and members of a desert camel patrol unit were killed, along with two civilians.<ref name="MorrisBorder"/> IDF casualties in the operation included one dead soldier and 12 wounded soldiers. The police station and nearby structures were destroyed.<ref name="MorrisBorder"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Israeli |first=Raphael |author-link=Raphael Israeli |title=Jerusalem Divided: The Armistice Regime, 1947-1967 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6FmhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2002 |page=82 |isbn=9780714652665}}</ref>
The tracks of the perpetrators led to the Jordanian border police station Arendall, which was used by the Jordanian National Guard and the camel mounted commando unit of the [[Arab Legion]].

Israel made a decision to retaliate in response to the Ein Ofarim killings. The Arendall station was chosen as the destination for the counterattack. 13 Israeli paratroopers participated in a [[Retribution operations#The main retribution operations|counterattack]] in which they targeted the fortified Arendall station. During the operation, 16 Jordanian soldiers were killed. IDF casualties in the operation included one dead soldier and 12 wounded soldiers. The police station was destroyed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Israeli |first=Raphael |title=Jerusalem Divided: The Armistice Regime, 1947-1967 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6FmhAwAAQBAJ&q=On+13+September,+12+Jordanian+soldiers+were+killed+and+four+wounded+in+an+Israeli+raid+on+another+major+Jordanian+police+post&pg=PA82 |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 |page=82 |isbn=9780714652665}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XDEeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3b4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=3652,1616220 Israel Cites Jordan Raid] - published on [[Sarasota Herald-Tribune]] on September 14, 1956


{{Terrorist attacks against Israelis in the 1950s}}
{{Terrorist attacks against Israelis in the 1950s}}
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[[Category:1956 murders in Israel]]
[[Category:1956 murders in Israel]]
[[Category:Terrorist attacks attributed to Palestinian militant groups]]
[[Category:Terrorist attacks attributed to Palestinian militant groups]]
[[Category:Knife attacks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]
[[Category:Palestinian terrorism]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Asia in 1956]]
[[Category:Mass stabbings in Israel]]
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[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Israel in the 1950s]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents involving knife attacks]]
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[[Category:Stabbing attacks in Israel]]
[[Category:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency]]
[[Category:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency]]
[[Category:History of the Druze]]
[[Category:History of the Druze]]
[[Category:Druze community in Israel]]
[[Category:Druze community in Israel]]
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[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Israel in 1956]]

[[Category:September 1956 events in Asia]]

[[Category:Mass murder in 1956]]
{{Massacre-stub}}
⚫
[[Category:20th-century mass murder in Israel]]
{{Israel-hist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 09:50, 1 June 2024

Ein Ofarim killings
Part of Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
Ein Ofarim killings is located in Southern Negev region of Israel
Ein Ofarim killings
class=notpageimage|
The location of Hatzeva, Israel
Native nameהפיגוע בעין עופרים
LocationEin Ofarim facility near Hatzeva, Southern Israel
Date12 September 1956; 68 years ago (1956-09-12)
Attack type
Stabbing attack
WeaponsKnives
Deaths3 Israelis
PerpetratorsPalestinian Fedayeen squad

The Ein Ofarim killings was an attack by Palestinian Fedayeen, which occurred on Wednesday night, 12 September 1956.[1][2][3]

The attack

[edit]

On Wednesday night, 12 September 1956, a Palestinian Fedayeen squad infiltrated into Israel from Jordan. The militants attacked the Ein Ofarim oil-drilling camp near the village Hatzeva, while other personnel were out of the camp for grocery shopping. They killed 3 Druze watchmen,[4][5][6] one in his room. The bodies of the guards were stabbed and their guns were stolen by the attackers.[2]

Victims

[edit]

The three victims, Nawaf Abu-Ghazi (25 years), Suleiman Hatoum (25 years) and Rafik Abdullah (23 years), were buried in their hometown of Sumei.[7] They were commemorated on Mount Herzl.[7]

Aftermath

[edit]

With consulting his Cabinet, the Israeli Prime Minister decided on a reprisal raid.[4] Since the nearest Jordanian police fort was 'topologically difficult', the police fort 80 kilometers away at Gharandal was chosen.[4] During the operation, either 9 or 13 Jordanian police and members of a desert camel patrol unit were killed, along with two civilians.[4] IDF casualties in the operation included one dead soldier and 12 wounded soldiers. The police station and nearby structures were destroyed.[4][8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Israel Cites Jordan Raid". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. No. 345. United Press. 14 September 1956. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b Ad, Meshulam (14 September 1956). "עקבות רוצחי השומרים הובילו לגבול הירדני" [The traces of the murderers of the guards led to the Jordanian border]. Davar. p. 1 – via National Library of Israel.
  3. ^ Eilam, Uzi (2020). פשיטה לילית [Night Raid]. Miskal Publishing. pp. 47, 193, 292. ISBN 9789652011305.
  4. ^ a b c d e Morris, Benny (1993). Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956. Oxford University Press. pp. 409–410. ISBN 0-19-829262-7.
  5. ^ Gabbai, Sheffi (18 September 1964). "ישן וחדש בנופי ישראל" [Old and new in the landscapes of Israel]. Davar. p. 3 – via National Library of Israel.
  6. ^ Shai, Nachman, ed. (1988). ביטחון 50: צה"ל, קהיליית המודיעין, משרד הביטחון [Security 50: The IDF, the intelligence community, the Ministry of Defense]. Alfa Tikshoret. p. 20. ISBN 9789654740074.
  7. ^ a b "חללי פעולות האיבה: אזרחים חללי פעולות איבה" [Victims of hostilities: Civilians victims of hostilities]. Bituah Leumi.
  8. ^ Israeli, Raphael (2002). Jerusalem Divided: The Armistice Regime, 1947-1967. Routledge. p. 82. ISBN 9780714652665.
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