List of patriarchs of the Church of the East: Difference between revisions
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*95 Eliya IX (1617-1660) |
*95 Eliya IX (1617-1660) |
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''In 1660 the Church of the East was divided into two Patriarchates; the existing Shimun line (a hereditary line since Shemʿon IV Basidi) based in [[Konak, Hakkari|Qoshanis]] and the rival Eliya line, which was based in [[Alqosh]]. From Patriarchs Eliya X to Eliya XIII, |
''In 1660 the Church of the East was divided into two Patriarchates; the existing Shimun line (a hereditary line since Shemʿon IV Basidi) based in [[Konak, Hakkari|Qoshanis]] and the rival Eliya line, which was based in [[Alqosh]]. From Patriarchs Eliya X to Eliya XIII, The Eliya line attempted made to resolve the schism and re-establish communion with the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. The Shem{{transl|ar|DIN|ʿ}}on XIII Denkha (based in [[Qochanis]]) of teh Shimun line, broke [[full communion|communion]] with Rome. A rival Chaldean Patriarch was appointed by the [[Holy See|Vatican]].'' |
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;Eliya line |
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*98 Eliya XII Denha (1722-1778) |
*98 Eliya XII Denha (1722-1778) |
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*99 Eliya XIII Ishoyahb (1778-1804) |
*99 Eliya XIII Ishoyahb (1778-1804) |
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⚫ | **[[Yohannan Hormizd|Yohannan VIII Hormizd]] (1804) - Last of the Eliya line. In 1804, the Assyrian Church in [[Alqosh]] under Patriarch Yohannan Hormizd decided to enter in Communion with Rome, merging with the Catholic "Josephite" line of [[Amid]] and thus forming the modern [[Chaldean Catholic Church]].In 1830, he was recognised by the Vatican as patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans and the Mosul and Amid patriarchates were united under his leadership. This event marked the birth of the modern [[Chaldean Catholic Church]].'' |
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⚫ | |||
;Shimun line |
;Shimun line |
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''In 1681, Shem{{transl|ar|DIN|ʿ}}on XIII Denkha (based in [[Qochanis]]), broke [[full communion|communion]] with Rome. A rival Chaldean Patriarch was appointed by the [[Holy See|Vatican]].'' |
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*96 Shem{{transl|ar|DIN|ʿ}}on XIII Dinkha (1681-c.1700) - In his days, the Patriarchate transferred to [[Mosul]] |
*96 Shem{{transl|ar|DIN|ʿ}}on XIII Dinkha (1681-c.1700) - In his days, the Patriarchate transferred to [[Mosul]] |
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*97 Shem{{transl|ar|DIN|ʿ}}on XIV Shlemon (c.1700-c.1740) |
*97 Shem{{transl|ar|DIN|ʿ}}on XIV Shlemon (c.1700-c.1740) |
Revision as of 12:54, 8 October 2011
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Eastern Christianity |
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The Patriarch of the Church of the East (or Patriarch of the East)[1] is the patriarch, or leader and head bishop (sometimes referred to as Catholicos or universal leader) of the Church of the East. The position dates to the early centuries of Christianity in Persia, and the church has been known by a variety of names, including Nestorian Church, the Persian Church, the Sassanid Church, or East Syrian.[2] In the 16th and 17th century the Church experienced a series of splits, resulting in a series of competing patriarchs and lineages. Today, the two principal churches that emerged from these splits, the Assyrian Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church, each have their own patriarch, the Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East and the Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans, respectively.
History
The geographic location of the patriarchate was first in the Persian capital of Seleucia-Ctesiphon. In the 9th century the patriarchate moved to Baghdad and then through various cities in what is now Iraq, including, Tabriz, Mosul, and Maragheh on Lake Urmia. Following the split between the Chaldean and Assyrian Churches, the respective patriarchs of these churches continued to move around the Middle East. In the 19th century, the patriarchate of the Assyrian Church of the East was in the village of Qudshanis in southeastern Turkey.[3] In the 20th century, the Assyrian patriarch went into exile, relocating to Chicago, Illinois, USA. Another patriarchate, which split off in the 1960s as the Ancient Church of the East, is in Baghdad.
The patriarchate of the Church of the East evolved from the position of the leader of the Christian community in Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the Persian capital. While Christianity had been introduced to Persia in the first centuries AD, during the earliest period, leadership was unorganized and there was no established succession. In 280, Papa bar Aggai was consecrated as Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon by two visiting bishops, Akha d'abuh' of Arbela and Hai-Beël of Susa, thereby establishing the generally recognized succession.[4] Seleucia-Ctesiphon thus became its own episcopal see, and exerted some de facto control over the wider Persian Christian community. Papa's successors began to use the title of Catholicos, a Roman designation probably adopted due to its use by the Catholicos of Armenia, though at first it carried no formal recognition.[5] In 409 the Church of the East received state recognition from the Sassanid Emperor Yazdegerd I, and the Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon was called, at which the church's hierarchy was formalized. Bishop Mar Isaac was the first to be officially styled Catholicos over all of the Christians in Persia. Over the next decades, the Catholicoi adopted the additional title of Patriarch, which eventually became the better known designation.[6]
In the 16th century, another schism separated the church, with those following "Nestorianism" separating from a group which entered into communion with the Roman Catholic Church. This latter group, known as Chaldean Catholics, continues also to maintain its own list of Chaldean Catholic patriarchs.[2]
Because of the complex history of Eastern Christianity, it is difficult to define one single lineage of patriarchs,[2] though some modern churches, such as the Assyrian Church of the East, claim all patriarchs through the centuries as the Assyrian Patriarch, even though the modern version of the church did not come into being until much more recently.
List of Catholicoi of Seleucia-Ctesiphon and Patriarchs of the East
- 1 Thoma Shlikha, (Saint Thomas) (c. 33-c. 77)[7]
- Tulmay (St. Bartholomew the Apostle) (c. 33 - ?)[7]
- Mar Addai, (St. Thaddeus of Edessa)
- 2 Aggai (c.66 - c.87)
- 3 Mari (c. 87-c. 120)
- 4 Abris (121–137)
- 5 Abraham (159–171)
- 6 [[Yaqob I|Ya[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)qob]] (c.190)
- 7 Ahadabui (204–220)
- 8 Shahlufa (220–224)
- vacant (224-c.280)
Around 280, visiting bishops consecrated Papa bar Aggai as Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, thereby establishing the succession.[8] With him, heads of the church took the title Catholicos
- 9 Papa bar Aggai (c.280–317)
- vacant (317–329)
- 10 [[Simeon Barsabae|Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on bar Sabba[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)e]] (329–341)
- 11 Shahdost (341–343)
- 12 [[Barba'shmin|Barba[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)shmin]] (343–346)
- vacant (c. 346-c. 363)
- 13 Tomarsa (363–371)
- vacant (c. 371-c. 377)
- 14 Qayyoma (377–399)
- 15 Isaac (399–410)
Isaac was recognised as 'Grand Metropolitan' and Primate of the Church of the East at the Synod of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in 410. The acts of this Synod were later edited by the Patriarch Joseph (552–567) to grant him the title of Catholicos as well. This title for Patriarch Isaac in fact only came into use towards the end of the fifth century.
- 16 Ahha (410–414)
- 17 Yahballaha I (415–420)
- 18 [[Mana (patriarch)|Ma[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)na]] (420)
- 19 Farbokht (421)
- 20 [[Dadisho|Dadisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)]] (421–456)
In 424, under Mar Dadisho I, the Church of the East declared itself independent of all other churches; thereafter, its Catholicoi began to use the additional title of Patriarch.[8]
- 21 Babowai (457–484)
- 22 Acacius (485–496)
- 23 Babai (497–503)
- 24 Shila (503–523)
- 25 [[Elisha (Nestorian Patriarch)|Elisha[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)]] (524–537)
- Narsai intrusus (524–537)
- 26 Paul (539)
- 27 Aba I (540–552)
- 28 Joseph (552–567)
- 29 Ezekiel (567–581)
- 30 [[Ishoyahb I|Isho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)yahb I]] (582–595)
- 31 [[Sabrisho I|Sabrisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) I]] (596–604)
- 32 Gregory (605–609)
- vacant (609–628)
- Babai the Great (coadjutor) 609–628; together with...
- Aba (coadjutor) 609-628
- vacant (609–628)
- 33 [[Ishoyahb II|Isho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)yahb II]] (628–645)
- 34 Maremmeh (646–649)
- 35 [[Ishoyahb III|Isho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)yahb III]] (649–659)
- 36 Giwargis I (661-680)
- 37 Yohannan I (680–683)
- vacant (683–685)
- 38 [[Hnanisho I|Hnanisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) I]] (686–698)
- Yohannan the Leper intrusus (691–693)
- vacant (698–714)
- 39 Sliba-zkha (714–728)
- vacant (728–731)
- 40 Pethion (731–740)
- 41 Aba II (741–751)
- 42 Surin (753)
- 43 [[Yaqob II|Ya[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)qob II]] (753–773)
- 44 [[Hnanisho II|Hnanisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) II ]] (773–780)
The seat of the Nestorian Patriarchs was transferred from Seleucia-Ctesiphon to Baghdad, the recently-established capital of the [ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)Abbasid caliphs, in 775, during the reign of the Patriarch Hnanisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) II.[9]
- 45 Timothy I (780–823)
- 46 [[Isho Bar Nun (Nestorian Patriarch)|Isho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) Bar Nun]] (823–828)
- 47 Giwargis II (828–831)
- 48 [[Sabrisho II|Sabrisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) II]] (831–835)
- 49 Abraham II (837–850)
- vacant (850-853)
- 50 Theodosius (853–858)
- vacant (858–860)
- 51 Sargis (860–872)
- vacant (872–877)
- 52 Israel of Kashkar intrusus (877)
- 53 Enosh (877–884)
- 54 Yohannan II bar Narsai (884–891)
- 55 Yohannan III (893–899)
- 56 Yohannan IV Bar Abgar (900–905)
- 57 Abraham III (906–937)
- 58 Emmanuel I (937–960)
- 59 Israel (961)
- 60 [[Abdisho I|[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)Abdisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) I]] (963–986)
- 61 Mari (987–999)
- 62 Yohannan V (1000–1011)
- 63 Yohannan VI bar Nazuk (1012–1016)
- vacant (1016-1020)
- 64 [[Ishoyahb IV|Isho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)yahb IV bar Ezekiel]] (1020–1025)
- vacant (1025-1028)
- 65 Eliya I (1028–1049)
- 66 Yohannan VII bar Targal (1049–1057)
- vacant (1057-1064)
- 67 [[Sabrisho III|Sabrisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) III]] (1064–1072)
- 68 [[Abdisho II|[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)Abdisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) II ibn al-[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)Arid]] (1074–1090)
- 69 Makkikha I (1092–1110)
- 70 Eliya II Bar Moqli (1111–1132)
- 71 Bar Sawma (1134–1136)
- vacant (1136–1139)
- 72 [[Abdisho III|[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)Abdisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) III Bar Moqli]] (1139–1148)
- 73 [[Ishoyahb V|Isho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)yahb V]] (1149–1176)
- 74 Eliya III (1176–1190)
- 75 Yahballaha II (1190–1222)
- 76 [[Sabrisho IV|Sabrisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) IV Bar Qayyoma]] (1222–1224)
- 77 [[Sabrisho V|Sabrisho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) V ibn al-Masihi]] (1226–1256)
- 78 Makkikha II (1257–1265)
- 79 Denha I (1265–1281)
The Patriarchal Seat was transferred to Maragha during the reign of Yahballaha III.
- 80 Yahballaha III (1281–1317)
- 81 Timothy II (1318–c.1332)
- vacant (c.1332-c.1336)
- 82 Denha II (1336/7–1381/2)
- 83 Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on II (dates uncertain)
- 83b Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on III (existence uncertain)
- 84 Eliya IV (c.1437)
- 85 Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on IV Basidi (1437-1493, ob.1497)
- 86 Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on V (1497–1501)
- 87 Eliya V (1502–1503)
- 88 Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on VI (1504–1538)
- 89 [[Shemon VII Ishoyahb|Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on VII Isho[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)yahb]] (1539–1558)
In 1552, a rival Catholic Patriarch was elected, see Catholic Chaldean Patriarchs of Babylon.
- 90 Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on VIII (1552-1558)
- 91 Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on IX (1558)
- 92 Eliya VI (1558-1576)
- 93 Eliya VII (1576-1591)
- 94 Eliya VIII (1591-1617)
In 1610, Eliya VIII entered communion with the Catholic Church. This created a situation in which there are two rival claimants approved by Rome, in one See. He died however in 1617 and his successor Eliya IX quickly repudiated the union.
- 95 Eliya IX (1617-1660)
In 1660 the Church of the East was divided into two Patriarchates; the existing Shimun line (a hereditary line since Shemʿon IV Basidi) based in Qoshanis and the rival Eliya line, which was based in Alqosh. From Patriarchs Eliya X to Eliya XIII, The Eliya line attempted made to resolve the schism and re-establish communion with the Roman Catholic Church. The Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XIII Denkha (based in Qochanis) of teh Shimun line, broke communion with Rome. A rival Chaldean Patriarch was appointed by the Vatican.
- Eliya line
- 96 Eliya X Yohannan Marogin (1660-1700)
- 97 Eliya XI Marogin (1700-1722)
- 98 Eliya XII Denha (1722-1778)
- 99 Eliya XIII Ishoyahb (1778-1804)
- Yohannan VIII Hormizd (1804) - Last of the Eliya line. In 1804, the Assyrian Church in Alqosh under Patriarch Yohannan Hormizd decided to enter in Communion with Rome, merging with the Catholic "Josephite" line of Amid and thus forming the modern Chaldean Catholic Church.In 1830, he was recognised by the Vatican as patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans and the Mosul and Amid patriarchates were united under his leadership. This event marked the birth of the modern Chaldean Catholic Church.
- Shimun line
- 96 Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XIII Dinkha (1681-c.1700) - In his days, the Patriarchate transferred to Mosul
- 97 Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XIV Shlemon (c.1700-c.1740)
- 98 Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XV Maqdassi Mikhail (c.1740-c.1780)
- 99 Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XVI Yohannan (c.1780-c.1820)
- 100 [[Shimun XVII Abraham|Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XVII Abraham]] (c.1820-c.1860)
- 101 [[Shimun XVIII Rubil|Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XVIII Rubil]] (c.1860-1903)
- 102 [[Shimun XXI Benyamin|Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XIX Benjamin]] (1903-1918)
- 103 [[Shimun XXII Paulos|Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XX Paul]] (1918-1920)
- Locum Tenens
- Yosip Khnanisho (coadjutor) (1918-1920)
- Abimalek Timotheus (coadjutor) (1920)
- Locum Tenens
- 104 [[Shimun XXIII Eshai|Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XXI Eshai]] (1920-1975 assasinated) - During his reign, Patriarchate was headquartered in exile in Chicago, Illinois, USA starting 1940. He was also the last of the hereditary Shimun line
- Non-hereditary patriarchy
- 105 Dinkha IV (1976-Present)
List of Catholicoi-Patriarchs of the Ancient Church of the East
In 1964, during the reign of Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XXI Eshai (also known as Mar Eshai Shimun XXIII), a schism appeared in the Assyrian Church of the East causing the establishment of a separate Ancient Church of the East with its center in Baghdad. In 1968, a rival catholicos-patriarch Mar Thoma Darmo assigned for the newly established Ancient Church of the East, while Shem[ʿ] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help)on XXI Eshai continued as the official head of the Assyrian Church of the East.
- Vacant (1964–1967) - first period of the schism
- 1. Mar Thoma Darmo (1968–1969)
- 2. Mar Addai II (1970–present)
See also
- Patriarchs of the East, of the Catholic churches of Eastern Christianity
- List of Chaldean Catholic Patriarchs of Babylon
- Catholicos of the East
- Ancient Church of the East
- Province of the Patriarch
Notes
- ^ Willison, Walker (1985). A history of the Christian church. Simon & Schuster. p. 172. ISBN 9780684184173.
this church had as its head a "catholikos" who came to be styled "Patriarch of the East" and had his seat originally at Seleucia-Ctesiphon (after 775 it was shifted to Baghdad).
- ^ a b c Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913. Peeters Publishers. p. 4. ISBN 9789042908765.
- ^ Wigram, p. 90
- ^ Wigram, pp. 42–44.
- ^ Wigram, pp. 90–91.
- ^ Wigram, p. 91.
- ^ a b "Nestorian Patriarchs". Nestorian.org. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ^ a b Stewart, p. 15
- ^ Vine, The Nestorian Churches, 104
References
- Wigram, W. A. (2004). An introduction to the history of the Assyrian Church, or, The Church of the Sassanid Persian Empire, 100–640 A.D. Gorgias Press. ISBN 1593331037.
- Nestorian Patriarchs
- The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries
- Foster, John. The Church of the Tang Dynasty.
- Vine, A., The Nestorian Churches (London, 1937)