Pan-Arab colors: Difference between revisions

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Arab states (both recognized and unrecognized) using Pan-Arab colors in their flags, shown in green.^[1]

The Pan-Arab colors are black, white, green and red. Individually, each of the four Pan-Arab colors are derived from a certain Arab dynasty, or era.^[3] Each of the four Pan-Arab colors were intended to represent a certain Arab dynasty, or era.^[4] The black was the color of the banner of Muhammad, and of the Abbasid Caliphate; white was used by the Umayyad Caliphate; green was used by the Fatimid Caliphate as a reminder of the Battle of Badr to symbolize their support of Ali Bin Abi Talib^{[clarification needed]}; red was the flag held by the Khawarij, and then became the symbol of rulers in the Maghreb, and Al-Andalus.

Pan-Arab colors were first combined in the flag of the Arab Revolt in 1916.^[5] Many current flags are based on Arab Revolt colors, such as the flags of Jordan, Kuwait, Palestine, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and the United Arab Emirates,^[1] and formerly in the flag of the fleeting six month union of the Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan.

From the 1950s onwards, a sub-set of the Pan-Arab colors, the Arab Liberation colors, came to prominence. These consist of a tricolour of red, white and black bands, with green given less prominence . The Arab Liberation colors were inspired by the use of the Arab Liberation Flag in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.^[6]^{[full citation needed]} These appear in the current flags of Egypt, Iraq, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen, and formerly in the flags of the rival states of North Yemen and South Yemen, and in the short-lived Arab unions of the United Arab Republic and the Federation of Arab Republics.^[1]

Current flags with Pan-Arab colors

Sovereign states

Partially recognized states

Former national flags with the Pan-Arab colors

Hejaz (1917–20)^[9]
Syria (OETA, 1918–20)^[10]
Syria (8 March 1920 – 24 July 1920)^[10]
Hejaz (1920–26)^[9]
Emirate of Al-Rasheed (1920–21)^[11]
Jordan (1921–28)^[12]
Iraq (1921–59)^[13]
Hejaz (as part of the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz, 1926–32)
Jordan (1928–39)^[12]
Syria (1932–58 and 1961–63)^[10]^[14]
Palestine (All-Palestine Government, 1948–59)^[15]
Egypt (1952–1958, flown alongside the national flag)
Arab Federation of Jordan and Iraq (14 February 1958 – 2 August 1958)^[16]
United Arab Republic (1958–61), Egypt (1961–72)
Iraq (1959–63)
North Yemen (1962–90)
Iraq (1963–91)^[17] and Syria (1963–72)^[10]
Palestine (1964–2006)^[15]
South Yemen (1967–90)
Libya (1969–72)
Federation of Arab Republics
(Egypt (1972–84), Syria (1972–80),^[10] and Libya (1972–77))
Arab Islamic Republic (proposed 1974, never implemented)
Iraq (1991–2004)^[17]
Iraq (2004–08)^[17]

Flags of Arab political and paramilitary movements using Pan-Arab colors

Flag of Ottoman era Istanbul-based autonomist "Arab Literature Club" (1909–15), a precursor Arab flag^[18]
Flag of Ottoman era autonomist "Society of Young Arabs" (1911–16), a precursor Arab flag^[19]
Flag of the Ba'ath Party
Flag used by Arab separatists and autonomists in Khuzestan, Iran^[20]
Flag used by the separatist National Council of Ahwaz in Khuzestan, Iran^[20]^[21]
Flag of the Arab Movement of Azawad

Historical Arab flags

Black flag, used by Muhammad (570–632), Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) and Abbasids (750–1258)^[22]^[23]
White flag, used by Umayyads (661–750)^[24]
Green flag, used by Fatimids (909–1171)^[25]
Red flag, used by Khawarij, as well as Muslim states in Al-Andalus and Maghreb al-Aqsa^[26]

Notes and references

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Pan-Arab Colours, crwflags.com
^ Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, The Great Arab Revolt, passia.org
^ Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri, The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs, Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.
^ Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri, The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs, Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.
^ I. Friedman, British Pan-Arab Policy, 1915-1922, Transaction Publ., 2011, p.135
^ M. Naguib Egypt's Destiny 1955
^ Also used as the flag of Fujairah since 1975
^ Palestinian Law No. 5 for the year 2006 amending some provisions of Law No. 22 for the year 2005 on the Sanctity of the Palestinian Flag
^ ^a ^b Kingdom of Hejaz 1915-1925, crwflags.com
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Historical Flags Overview (Syria), crwflags.com
^ Ha'il (Saudi Arabia) - Emirate of 'Ha'il, crwflags.com
^ ^a ^b Historical Flags (Jordan), crwflags.com
^ Kingdom of Iraq (1924-1958), crwflags.com
^ Used currently, 2011 onwards, by the Syrian Interim Government and the Free Syrian Army
^ ^a ^b Historical Flags (Palestine), on crwflags.com
^ Arab Federation of Jordan and Iraq, crwflags.com
^ ^a ^b ^c Evolution of the Iraqi Flag, 1963-2008, crwflags.com
^ Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Al-Muntadha al-Adhabi, passia.org
^ Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Jam'yiat al-'Arabiya al-Fatat, passia.org
^ ^a ^b Al-Ahwaz (Khuzestan) Political Organizations (Iran) on crwflags.com
^ S. T. Al-Seyed Naama, Brief History of Ahwaz, on al-ahwaz.com
^ http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/flag/04.htm
^ http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/flag/08.htm
^ http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/flag/06.htm
^ http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/flag/10.htm
^ Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Al-Khawarij, passia.org

External links

Pan-Arab colors
Evolution of the Arab Flag, by Dr. Mahdi Abdul-Hadi (in Arabic)

[crw-1] Pan-Arab Colours, crwflags.com

[2] Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, The Great Arab Revolt, passia.org

[3] Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri, The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs, Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.

[4] Abū Khaldūn Sati' al-Husri, The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs, Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.

[5] I. Friedman, British Pan-Arab Policy, 1915-1922, Transaction Publ., 2011, p.135

[6] M. Naguib Egypt's Destiny 1955

[7] Also used as the flag of Fujairah since 1975

[8] Palestinian Law No. 5 for the year 2006 amending some provisions of Law No. 22 for the year 2005 on the Sanctity of the Palestinian Flag

[Hejz-9] Kingdom of Hejaz 1915-1925, crwflags.com

[Syr_Hist-10] Historical Flags Overview (Syria), crwflags.com

[11] Ha'il (Saudi Arabia) - Emirate of 'Ha'il, crwflags.com

[Jor_Hist-12] Historical Flags (Jordan), crwflags.com

[13] Kingdom of Iraq (1924-1958), crwflags.com

[14] Used currently, 2011 onwards, by the Syrian Interim Government and the Free Syrian Army

[Hist_Pal-15] Historical Flags (Palestine), on crwflags.com

[16] Arab Federation of Jordan and Iraq, crwflags.com

[Iraq_2-17] Evolution of the Iraqi Flag, 1963-2008, crwflags.com

[18] Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Al-Muntadha al-Adhabi, passia.org

[19] Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Jam'yiat al-'Arabiya al-Fatat, passia.org

[ahwaz-20] Al-Ahwaz (Khuzestan) Political Organizations (Iran) on crwflags.com

[21] S. T. Al-Seyed Naama, Brief History of Ahwaz, on al-ahwaz.com

[22] ttp://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/flag/04.htm

[23] ttp://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/flag/08.htm

[24] ttp://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/flag/06.htm

[25] ttp://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/flag/10.htm

[26] Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, Al-Khawarij, passia.org

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[File:Arab Liberation Flag.PNG|thumb|180px|Arab Liberation Flag<ref name="crw" />]]
 [[File:Pan Arab Colors.png|thumb|180px|Arab states (both recognized and unrecognized) using Pan-Arab colors in their flags, shown in green.<ref name="crw">[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/arabcol.html Pan-Arab Colours], crwflags.com</ref>]]
+The '''Pan-Arab colors''' are [[black]], [[white]], [[green]] and [[red]]. Individually, each of the four Pan-Arab colors are derived from a certain Arab dynasty, or era.<ref>Abū Khaldūn [[Sati' al-Husri]], ''The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs'', Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.</ref> Each of the four Pan-Arab colors were intended to represent a certain Arab dynasty, or era.<ref>'''Abū Khaldūn [[Sati' al-Husri]]''', ''The days of Maysalūn: A Page from the Modern History of the Arabs'', Sidney Glauser Trans., (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1966), 46.</ref>  The black was the color of the [[Black Standard|banner of Muhammad]], and of the [[Abbasid]] Caliphate; white was used by the [[Umayyad]] Caliphate; green was used by the [[Fatimid]] Caliphate as a reminder of the [[Battle of Badr]] to symbolize their support of [[Ali Bin Abi Talib]]{{clarify|date=September 2011}}; red was the flag held by the [[Khawarij]], and then became the symbol of rulers in the [[Maghreb]], and [[Al-Andalus]].
-The '''Pan-Arab colors''' are [[black]], [[white]], [[green]] and [[red]]. Individually, each of the four Pan-Arab colors are derived from an ancient Arab poem by Safi Al-Din Al-Hilli. The colors in the poem are described as: "White are our acts, black our battles, green our fields, and red our swords."<ref>http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/arabcol.html</ref>
 Pan-Arab colors were first combined in the [[flag of the Arab Revolt]] in 1916.<ref>I. Friedman, ''[http://books.google.fr/books?id=yJ9dFmK7qBwC&pg=PA135#v=onepage&q&f=false British Pan-Arab Policy, 1915-1922]'', Transaction Publ., 2011, p.135</ref> Many current flags are based on Arab Revolt colors, such as the flags of [[Flag of Jordan|Jordan]], [[Flag of Kuwait|Kuwait]], [[Palestinian flag|Palestine]], the [[Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]], and the [[Flag of the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]],<ref name="crw" /> and formerly in the flag of the fleeting six month union of the [[Arab Federation|Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan]].